2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3)
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2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3)

新闻报道 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 文章的精读视角页——这篇新闻报道全文 208 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语四级文章中占 46%),作者立场为「客观中立」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 的听力原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

On Sunday, Argentinians voted for their country's next president. Many opinion surveys showed that the ruling party candidate Daniel Scioli would be the clear winner. Mr. Scioli is governor of Buenos Aires province and the chosen successor of Argentina's president, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner.

But the surveys were wrong. Mr. Scioli won 35.9 percent, but not enough to win the presidency. Mauricio Macri, the mayor of Buenos Aires, finished in second place with 35.2 percent of the vote. This means Argentina will hold its first-ever runoff election next month. Voters will choose between the two men on November 22. Mr. Macri says he wants to lift some financial controls and trade restrictions in an effort to help the country's economy. Mr. Scioli has promised to defend the central ideas of what observers are calling "kirchnerism." These are populist beliefs built around trade protectionism, social welfare programs and defense of the working class. Mr. Scioli adds that he will seek a more measured approach to economic reform.

Under Argentine law, a candidate must have more than 45 percent of the vote to be declared the winner. A candidate can also win with at least 40 percent of the vote and a margin of 10 points over the next candidate.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Election Day: Expectations Set for Scioli Victory

    Argentina held a presidential election on Sunday, with polls predicting a clear victory for ruling party candidate Daniel Scioli.

    这个 opening paragraph 为整篇 article 的 main thesis 做了 crucial setup。文章主旨讲的是 unexpected runoff,而这段通过 present 民调预测的 clear winner scenario,实际上是在 build contrast。这种 setup-and-reversal 的 structure 是 news reporting 的 classic technique,让 paragraph 1 成为理解后续 surprising outcome 的 necessary context。它 establishes 读者的 initial expectations,这样当 paragraph 2 reveal 实际结果时,那个 dramatic gap 才会 hit harder,从而 reinforce 文章主旨中的 unexpected 这个 核心 concept。

    识别时间-人物-预期三要素
  2. P2

    Polls Proven Wrong: Historic Runoff Set Between Contrasting Visions

    Contrary to polls, neither Scioli nor Macri won outright, triggering Argentina's first-ever runoff election between candidates with contrasting economic visions.

    这个 paragraph 是整篇 article 的 argumentative core,它直接 deliver 文章主旨中的 unexpected runoff 这个 central claim。通过 present actual vote results 和 policy contrasts,这段不仅 prove 了 unexpected nature(与民调 predictions 的 stark difference),也 set up 了 contrasting economic approaches 这个 secondary theme。Paragraph 1 build expectations,paragraph 2 shatter them—这个 narrative arc 正是 news storytelling 的 classic structure。这段对文章主旨的 contribution 是 provide 全部的 factual basis 和 substantive context,让 readers 理解为什么这次 runoff matters both procedurally and substantively。

    追踪转折-数据-背景的三层递进
  3. P3

    Legal Threshold: Why the Runoff Became Necessary

    Argentine electoral law requires either 45% of votes or 40% with a 10-point margin to avoid a runoff, explaining why neither candidate won outright.

    这个 closing paragraph 对文章主旨起到 reinforcement 和 legitimization 的作用。文章主旨 mentions 'neither secured the required vote threshold',而这段就是 specify 那个 threshold 到底是什么。通过 lay out legal requirements,它把 runoff 从一个 surprising outcome 转化为一个 legally mandated consequence,从而 strengthen 整个 story 的 credibility。这段也 serve 为 closure function:article 从 announce election(第1段),到 reveal unexpected results(第2段),最后到 explain legal basis(第3段),形成了一个 complete narrative arc。对于 educating readers about Argentine politics,这个 procedural explanation 也 helps them understand 这不是 political maneuvering,而是 constitutional process,这让整个 story 更加 objective and authoritative。

    明确段落的解释性功能定位
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2015年12月英语四级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 Daniel Scioli chosen successor

    What is Daniel Scioli's relationship to Argentina's presidential election?

    • A He had already been elected Argentina's next president.
    • B He was the mayor of Buenos Aires.
    • C He was the ruling party's candidate and the chosen successor to the president.
    • D He was an independent candidate with no party support.
    • E He was Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner's opponent.
    • F He was governor of Argentina's capital city.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    正确项完整对应 lead 中两层并列身份:ruling party candidate 与 chosen successor。它没有把 chosen successor 偷换成 current president,也没有把 governor 误当成全国总统职位。障碍在于原文把身份拆在长句不同位置,考生必须完成 information integration,才能选出同时覆盖两项关键信息的表达。

    姓名后双标签 时间极紧时,不必通读所有人物介绍。抓住题干中的 Daniel Scioli,直接在 第1段 进行“姓名后扫读”:只读姓名所在句及其后半句,把 candidate 和 successor 当作两个必须同时满足的标签。然后把选项当成标签核对表,只有正确项同时命中两标签;这种双标签交集法比逐项翻译更快。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 runoff election

    Why will Argentina hold a runoff election?

    • A The two candidates received exactly the same number of votes.
    • B Mauricio Macri withdrew from the presidential race.
    • C Daniel Scioli won more than 45 percent of the vote.
    • D Neither leading candidate secured enough votes to win outright.
    • E The election was postponed until November 22.
    • F The ruling party decided to replace Scioli with Macri.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    正确项准确概括报道的显性因果:领先者的得票虽高,却 not enough,因而进入 runoff。它使用 neither 与 enough votes to win outright 完成同义整合,没有错误地声称两人得票相同,也没有引入原文未说的舞弊或取消选举。障碍在于考生容易被第一名的 35.9 percent 诱导,以为领先必然等于获胜。

    结果箭头逆读 先以 runoff election 在 第2段 做单点定位,随后执行“箭头逆读”:从 This means 沿箭头只回读前两句,寻找导致该结果的否定表达。不要计算所有数字,也不必读两位候选人的政策段;将正确项视为唯一能补进“因为____,所以 runoff”的原因项即可。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 Under Argentine law declared the winner

    Under Argentine law, which situation would allow a candidate to be declared the winner?

    • A Winning exactly 45 percent of the vote.
    • B Winning at least 40 percent of the vote, regardless of the margin.
    • C Winning more than 35 percent of the vote and finishing first.
    • D Leading the next candidate by at least 10 percent of all votes.
    • E Winning at least 40 percent of the vote and leading the next candidate by 10 points.
    • F Receiving 40 percent of the vote in a runoff election.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    正确项逐项保留第二条法定路径的三个条件:at least 40 percent、and、a margin of 10 points over the next candidate。它考查精确改写:leading ... by 10 points 等同于 margin of 10 points over。障碍在于考生容易漏读 and,把达到40%误认为充分条件,或把 10 points 错当成总得票的10%。

    双路径条件代入 看到 Under Argentine law,直接跳至 第3段,不读前文。把原规则在草稿上压缩为两行:>45;或 >=40 + 领先10点。然后对选项做“条件代入”:正确项恰好能完整代入第二行,其他项均在边界、连接词或单位上缺件。这比逐句翻译法律句更快。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的新闻报道骨架

按新闻报道 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 选举结果出人意料

    这个意群是新闻报道的 lead paragraph,呈现了 the unexpected election outcome。原本 opinion surveys 预测 Scioli 会是 clear winner,但 the actual results 却显示他只获得 35.9%,没能直接 win the presidency。这里通过 contrast between prediction and reality 来制造新闻性,immediately 吸引读者注意 the surprising turn of events。

    作为新闻报道的 opening,这个意群 establishes the newsworthiness 通过揭示 the gap between expectations and outcomes。它 sets up the central conflict 即没有候选人能够 secure enough votes,从而为后文解释 runoff election 和 contrasting approaches 做好铺垫。这是典型的 inverted pyramid structure 中最重要的 who-what-when elements。

    呈现意外结果
  2. 两强对决与政策分歧

    这个意群 expands on the election details,重点阐述 the two leading candidates 及其 contrasting visions。Macri 主张 lift financial controls 来 boost the economy,而 Scioli 则要 defend kirchnerism 的 populist beliefs。通过 juxtaposing their policy positions,意群凸显了 the fundamental choice voters will face in the runoff。这是新闻的 explanatory body,providing context about what's at stake。

    这个意群 fulfills 新闻报道的 elaboration function,将主旨中提到的 contrasting economic approaches 具体化。它不仅 lists the vote percentages,更重要的是 explicates the ideological divide between market-oriented reform 和 protectionist welfare policies。这为 readers 提供了 necessary background 去 understand why this runoff matters,transforming bare facts into meaningful political narrative。

    阐明政策对立
  3. 法律规则背景

    这个意群 provides legal background,解释 Argentine electoral law 关于 winning thresholds 的规定。它说明 candidate 需要 more than 45% 或者 at least 40% with a 10-point margin 才能 avoid a runoff。这个 procedural information 是理解 why neither candidate won outright 的 technical basis,属于新闻的 background/context section。

    作为 explanatory background,这个意群 clarifies the institutional framework 使得 runoff becomes necessary。它 answers the implicit question: why didn't Scioli win with 35.9%? 通过 stating the legal requirements,这段让 readers 理解 the runoff 不是 arbitrary decision 而是 rule-based outcome。这是新闻报道中常见的 context provision,helping audience 理解 the procedural logic behind events。

    解释制度依据
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首句定位核心事件 P1

    新闻报道的 lead paragraph 通常在 first sentence 就会揭示 main event,这是 inverted pyramid structure 的典型特征,通过识别 action verb(voted)和 key participants(Argentinians, president)可以迅速把握 what happened。

  2. 转折词定位意外结果 P2

    新闻的 newsworthiness 往往来自 unexpected outcomes 或 conflicts,当你看到 but、however、yet 这类 contrast markers 时,它们后面的内容通常是 story 的 true focus,因为 deviation from expectation 才是 news value 所在。

  3. 后果标记词揭示事件意义 P2

    新闻主旨不仅是 what happened,更是 what it means 和 what comes next。当文章用 this means、as a result、therefore 这类 causal/consequential language 时,它在帮你 connect the dots,把 isolated facts 转化为 meaningful narrative。

  4. 对立立场显示核心分歧 P2

    当新闻涉及 election、debate、conflict 时,main theme 往往围绕 competing alternatives 展开。文章如果花篇幅介绍 both sides 的 positions,说明 choice itself 或 contrast itself 就是 central issue,而不仅仅是 who won。

  5. 整合事件、意外与后续选择 P1 P2 P3

    新闻主旨是 multiple key points 的 integration,不是单一 fact。通过前面步骤提取的 core event、unexpected element、consequence、contrast 需要被 weave together 成为一个 complete picture,这个 synthesis 才是真正的 main idea。

主旨信号词 wrong P2 runoff P2 lift P2 defend P2

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

阿根廷总统选举出现意外,执政党候选人希奥利和反对派领导人马克里均未获得所需票数门槛,将进行决选投票,选民将在11月22日就两种截然不同的经济路线做出选择。
Argentina's presidential election resulted in an unexpected runoff between ruling party candidate Daniel Scioli and opposition leader Mauricio Macri after neither secured the required vote threshold, with voters to decide between contrasting economic approaches on November 22.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • runoff 决胜选举;第二轮投票

    现在我们把这三条 clues 串起来。首先,从 cause and effect 看,因为第一轮 voting 中两位 candidates 的 percentages 都不够,所以需要 runoff election,然后 voters 在这两人之间 choose。其次,从 word formation 角度,runoff 的字面意思就是"再跑一轮"。最后,first-ever 这个 modifier 告诉我们这是 unprecedented 的情况。综合这些 evidence,我们可以确定:runoff 指的是当首轮选举没有 candidate 达到 winning threshold 时,让得票最高的两位 candidates 进行的第二轮决胜选举。

    因果链+构词拆解+语境标记
  • populist 民粹主义的;平民主义的

    让我们整合这些 clues。首先,从 appositive explanation 看,populist beliefs 的具体内容是 protectionism、welfare、defense of workers——都是 pro-ordinary people 的 policies。其次,从 word structure 看,popul- root 指向"人民大众",-ist 表示"主义/立场"。第三,从 political alignment 看,这和 ruling party 的 kirchnerism 一致,而这个 governing approach 明显 prioritizes 普通民众的 immediate interests over market forces 或 elite interests。三条 evidence 共同指向一个 definition:populist 描述的是 appealing to or representing the interests of ordinary people 的 political stance。

    定义举例+词源透视+阵营归属
  • protectionism 贸易保护主义

    现在整合 evidence。第一,从 political opposition 看,protectionism 和 lifting trade restrictions 是 opposite approaches,说明它 involves maintaining 或 imposing restrictions。第二,从 morphology 看,protect + ism 指"保护主义",在 trade context 中就是保护 domestic economy。第三,从 ideological clustering 看,它和 working class defense 并列,目的是 safeguard local jobs against foreign competition。综合这三点,protectionism 的 meaning 就很明确了:通过 trade barriers 保护 domestic industries 和 workers 的 economic policy。

    对立定位+词素拆解+理念组合
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 数据引用

    P2 P3

    文章通过 precise percentage figures 来呈现 election results,Scioli 获得了 35.9%,Macri 获得了 35.2%,这种 quantitative data 的运用让 unexpected outcome 变得 concrete and verifiable。这些 specific numbers 不仅 establish credibility,还让读者能够 immediately grasp 两位候选人之间 the razor-thin margin,从而强化了 runoff election 的 dramatic necessity。数据的 objectivity 支撑了文章关于 surprising result 的 central claim。

    信号词 percent percentage points margin votes polls surveys statistics figures data

    仿写: 在撰写 political news 时,要 strategically deploy percentage data 来 illustrate competitive dynamics。建议在 present election results 后立即 follow up with legal thresholds(如本文的 45% 和 40% rules),形成 data-driven narrative logic。模版:「Candidate A won X%, while Candidate B secured Y%, triggering [constitutional provision] that requires Z% to avoid a runoff.」

  • 对比手法

    P2

    文章在 第2段 中构建了 sharp ideological contrast,将 Macri's economic liberalization agenda(lift financial controls and trade restrictions)与 Scioli's kirchnerism platform(trade protectionism, social welfare, working class defense)形成 binary opposition。这种 juxtaposition 不仅 clarifies the stakes of the runoff,还让读者 understand 这次选举本质上是关于 Argentina's economic future direction 的 fundamental choice。对比让 abstract policy differences 变得 concrete and accessible,直接支撑了文章关于 contrasting approaches 的 main thesis。

    信号词 But while whereas however in contrast on the other hand conversely alternatively instead rather than

    仿写: 在报道 political contests 时,要 deliberately structure opposing positions in parallel fashion。建议使用 while/but/whereas 等 contrastive connectors,并确保 both sides receive equivalent treatment in terms of detail level。模版:「Candidate X advocates for [policy A] in an effort to [goal], while Candidate Y promises to defend [policy B], built around [principles] and seeks [alternative approach].」

  • 背景交代

    P1 P3

    文章开篇 immediately establishes context,通过介绍 opinion surveys' predictions 和 Scioli 的 political identity(governor、chosen successor)来 set up expectations。这种 background provision 创造了 dramatic irony:readers first learn what was expected,然后在 第2段 遭遇 the reality that surveys were wrong。第3段 的 legal background(45% threshold、40% plus 10-point margin rule)则 explain the constitutional mechanism,让 runoff necessity 变得 logically transparent。这些 contextual layers 共同为 unexpected outcome 提供了 interpretive framework。

    信号词 background context previously historically under [law/rule] according to is/are chosen current existing

    仿写: 在撰写 breaking news 时,要在 opening paragraph establish baseline expectations,然后在 subsequent paragraphs reveal deviations。对于涉及 technical rules 的报道,应 dedicate a separate paragraph to explain relevant regulations simply and clearly。模版:「[Event occurred]. [Authoritative source] had predicted [outcome A]. [Key figure] is [relevant background]. Under [legal framework], [technical requirement] must be met to [achieve result].」

  • 客观描述

    P1 P2

    整篇文章采用 neutral reportorial tone,通过 third-person narration 和 attribution to sources(surveys showed、Mr. Macri says、Mr. Scioli adds、observers are calling)来 maintain journalistic distance。这种 objectivity strategy 让文章避免 taking sides,instead simply presenting what each candidate represents 和 what the electoral outcome means。即使在描述 ideological differences 时,文章也用 factual language(wants to lift、has promised to defend)而非 evaluative terms,这种 detached stance 增强了 credibility 并让读者 form their own judgments。

    信号词 says adds promises wants to will according to reports shows indicates observes

    仿写: 在报道 contentious political events 时,要 consistently attribute claims to sources 而不是 present them as narrator's assertions。使用 reporting verbs(says、promises、seeks、adds)而非 judgment verbs(claims、admits、insists)。确保 both sides receive equivalent descriptive treatment。模版:「[Source A] says [position]. [Source B] has promised to [contrasting position]. Observers describe this as [neutral characterization].」

  • 引语运用

    P2

    虽然文章没有 direct quotations,但通过 indirect speech(Mr. Macri says he wants、Mr. Scioli has promised、Mr. Scioli adds that he will seek)来 convey candidates' positions。这种 reported speech 既保持了 candidates' ownership of their platforms,又让文章能够 condense and paraphrase 复杂的 policy stances into digestible form。Observers' characterization of 'kirchnerism' 也是一种 attributed perspective,让文章能够 label an ideology without endorsing it。这些 attribution strategies 共同支撑了文章的 objectivity 和 credibility。

    信号词 says adds promises according to observers are calling stated noted emphasized argued explained

    仿写: 在报道 campaign positions 时,可以 blend indirect speech with occasional direct quotes for impact。使用 reporting verbs that match the speech act(promises for commitments、says for statements、seeks for intentions)。对于 contested terms,使用 attribution to observers or critics。模版:「[Figure] says he wants to [action] in an effort to [goal]. [Another figure] has promised to [contrasting action]. Analysts describe this approach as [attributed characterization].」

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

6 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 民调预测与实际结果的巨大反差

    P2
    Many opinion surveys showed that the ruling party candidate Daniel Scioli would be the clear winner. ... But the surveys were wrong.

    转折类 But However Yet Nevertheless Nonetheless On the contrary In contrast

    这个 implication 传递的是 Argentina 政治局势的 unpredictability。通过 emphasize 民调的 inaccuracy,文章 implicitly suggests 几层 meaning:首先,ruling party 的 dominance 并非像 surveys 显示的那样 solid;其次,opposition 的 strength 被 underestimated;最后,voters 的 actual preferences 存在 significant uncertainty。这个 subtext 对 article's main point 非常关键,因为它 sets up 整个 unexpected runoff 的 dramatic context,让 readers 理解这不是一场 routine election,而是充满 suspense 和 genuine competition 的 political contest。

  • 微弱差距暗示的激烈竞争态势

    P2
    Mr. Scioli won 35.9 percent, but not enough to win the presidency. Mauricio Macri, the mayor of Buenos Aires, finished in second place with 35.2 percent of the vote.

    让步类 but not enough although though despite in spite of even though while

    这个 implicit message 揭示的是 Argentina society 的 deep division。仅 0.7% 的 gap 意味着 two candidates 获得了 almost equal support,暗示 voters 在 political ideology 和 economic policy preferences 上严重 split。这个 subtext 对 main theme 的 contribution 在于:它解释了 why this runoff matters so much—国家正站在 crossroads,没有 clear majority consensus,November 22 的 final vote 将真正 determine the direction。文章通过这个 subtle numerical comparison,implicitly tells readers 这不仅是 procedural runoff,更是 ideological battle 的 reflection。

  • 首次决选投票的历史性意义

    P2
    This means Argentina will hold its first-ever runoff election next month.

    强调类限定词 first-ever unprecedented historic never before for the first time groundbreaking landmark

    这个 implicit message 的 deeper meaning 是 Argentina 正在经历 unprecedented political fragmentation。以往的 electoral system 能够在 first round 就 produce winner,说明过去存在 dominant political forces 或者 clearer voter alignment。First-ever runoff 暗示这种 traditional pattern 已经 broken down,voters 现在更加 divided,没有任何 single candidate 能获得 decisive support。这对 article's main theme 的 significance 在于:它 contextualizes 这场 election 不是 routine political event,而是 Argentina democracy 发展的 turning point,反映了 deeper social and economic tensions。这个 subtext 让 readers 理解为什么 November 22 的 choice matters for the country's future direction。

  • 两种对立经济路线的根本分歧

    P2
    Mr. Macri says he wants to lift some financial controls and trade restrictions ... Mr. Scioli has promised to defend the central ideas of what observers are calling 'kirchnerism.'

    情态词 defend protect preserve safeguard uphold maintain resist

    这个 implication 揭示的是 two fundamentally different economic philosophies 的 collision。Macri 的 lift controls 暗示 current system 过于 restrictive,需要 liberalization;而 Scioli 的 defend kirchnerism 暗示 current approach 是 valuable 且 under attack 的,需要 protection。这个 subtext 对 main theme 至关重要,因为它说明 November 22 的 runoff 不仅仅是 personality contest,而是关于 Argentina economic future 的 fundamental direction choice。一个代表 market-oriented reform,另一个代表 populist protectionism,voters 的 decision 将 determine 国家的 economic trajectory。文章通过这个 implicit contrast,让 readers 理解 stakes are high,这是 defining moment for the country。

  • 观察家命名暗示的争议性

    P2
    the central ideas of what observers are calling 'kirchnerism'

    委婉表达 what observers are calling so-called what critics call reportedly allegedly what some describe as termed by

    这个 implicit message 揭示 kirchnerism 作为 political ideology 的 contested nature。通过说 what observers are calling 而不是直接说 Kirchner's policies 或者 the government's approach,文章 subtly signals 这个 term 带有 evaluative judgment,可能被 supporters 和 opponents 理解得 very differently。Implicit meaning 是:Scioli defending 的 ideas 本身就是 subject of debate,不是 settled consensus。这对 main theme 的 contribution 在于:它 contextualizes 这场 election 中的 ideological stakes,暗示 voters 不仅在选 candidates,更在评判 past administration 的 legacy。这个 subtext 让 readers 理解 election 背后有 deeper historical and ideological baggage 需要 reckon with。

  • 温和改革姿态的实质性妥协

    P2
    Mr. Scioli adds that he will seek a more measured approach to economic reform.

    模糊限制语 more measured approach more measured moderate balanced gradual cautious pragmatic

    这个 implication 揭示 Scioli 面临的 political dilemma。作为 ruling party candidate,他需要 defend Kirchner legacy 来保住 base support,但同时 adds more measured reform 暗示他 acknowledges current policies 有 limitations 或者 public concerns。Implicit meaning 是:即使 defending kirchnerism,他也意识到 pure continuity 无法 win over enough voters,必须 signal willingness to adjust。这对 main theme 的 significance 在于:它 complicates the simple opposition narrative,暗示 even the continuity candidate 感受到 change 的 pressure。这个 subtext 让 readers 理解 November 22 的 choice 不是 black-and-white,而是 degrees of change,反映了 Argentina society 在 stability 和 reform 之间的 complex tensions。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立( Objective and factual)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段动词形容词中立性 P1

    News reporting 的 genre 特征是 objectivity,opening paragraph 如果只有 factual statements 而没有 value judgments,说明作者在保持 neutral stance。这种 presentation style 是判断 objective tone 的第一个 indicator。

  2. 双方观点平衡呈现 P2

    Balanced presentation 是 objective reporting 的 hallmark。如果作者对 opposing viewpoints 给予 equal treatment,不用 positive words 描述一方而用 negative words 描述另一方,这显示 impartial stance。News reports 要求这种 even-handed approach。

  3. 观点来源明确标注 P2

    Attribution 是 journalistic objectivity 的 key mechanism。通过把 opinions 和 interpretations attribute 给 specific sources,作者 distances himself from those views,保持 reporter role 而不是 commentator role。这种 consistent attribution 证明 neutral stance。

  4. 结尾维持事实陈述 P3

    Endings 往往 reveal author's true attitude。如果 conclusion 仍然 stick to facts 而不是 shift to commentary,这 confirms 整篇的 objective tone。Legal 和 procedural information 的 inclusion 是为了 inform readers,不是为了 sway opinions。

  5. 多维度客观性一致 P1 P2 P3

    整体 assessment 需要 synthesize 所有的 textual evidence。当 every layer of analysis(word choice、structure、attribution、tone)都 point to 同一个 conclusion 时,我们可以 confidently determine author's stance。这篇文章在 all dimensions 都 maintain neutrality。

文中的态度信号词

  • voted P1

    这个 simple past tense verb 'voted' 是 pure factual reporting,它 describes 一个 completed action without any emotional coloring。在 news discourse 中,这类 neutral action verbs 显示作者在 objectively record events 而不是 interpret 或 evaluate them。

    同类词 showed finished won held

  • surveys P1

    使用 'surveys' 这个词表明作者在 cite empirical evidence 而不是 personal speculation。这种 reference to data sources 是 objective journalism 的 trademark,因为它 grounds statements in verifiable information。

    同类词 opinion surveys polls data statistics studies

  • But P2

    这个 adversative conjunction 'But' 引入了 contrasting information,showing 作者在 present multiple perspectives。它 signals 一个 turn in the narrative 而没有 suggest 哪一方是 correct or preferred,这是 balanced reporting 的 linguistic marker。

    同类词 However Yet Nevertheless In contrast

  • says P2

    'Says' 是最 neutral 的 reporting verb,它 simply attributes speech without implying truth, doubt, or emotion。在这个 context 里,'Mr. Macri says he wants' 把 intention attribute 给 Macri himself,作者不 endorse 也不 question 这个 claim。

    同类词 adds according to stated announced reported

  • observers are calling P2

    这个 phrase 'observers are calling' 把 interpretive term 'kirchnerism' attribute 给 external observers 而不是 present it as author's own characterization。这种 careful attribution 即使对于 descriptive terms 也保持 professional distance。

    同类词 analysts describe experts say critics argue supporters maintain

  • must have P3

    Modal verb 'must' 在这里 expresses legal obligation('must have more than 45 percent'),not author's opinion。它 describes objective legal requirements,这种 use of modals for procedural rules 而不是 personal judgments 是 neutral reporting 的 feature。

    同类词 can also is required to shall may according to law

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇新闻报道

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇新闻报道?

  1. 首段时间标记加具体事件 P1

    本文 第1段 开头就是 'On Sunday, Argentinians voted',这是典型的 news lead,直接给出了 time reference(Sunday)和 concrete event(voted for president)。议论文会从 general statement 或 opinion 开始,说明文会从 definition 或 background knowledge 开始,都不会这样直接陈述一个刚发生的 specific event。

  2. 多处引述归属表达 P1 P2

    第2段 中出现了 'surveys were wrong'、'Mr. Macri says he wants to'、'Mr. Scioli has promised'、'observers are calling',这些都是典型的 attributed statements。新闻必须 cite sources 和 attribute opinions to specific people,而议论文作者会直接表达自己的 viewpoint('I believe'、'We should'),说明文则用 impersonal statements('This process involves')。

  3. 对立观点平衡呈现 P2

    第2段 详细描述了两位 candidates 的不同 policy positions:Macri 想要 'lift financial controls',Scioli 要 'defend kirchnerism' 和 'social welfare programs'。作者没有说哪个 better 或 worse,只是 objectively present their platforms。如果是议论文,作者会明确支持某一方并 argue why;如果是说明文,会 explain a concept 而不是 present competing positions。

  4. 事件相关背景补充 P3

    第3段 专门解释了 'Argentine law' 关于 presidential election 的 specific rules(45% to win、或 40% with 10-point margin)。这是典型的 news writing pattern:先报道 what happened(前两段),再提供 why it matters 的 background(第三段)。议论文的 background 是为了 set up the argument,说明文的 background 是为了 explain the whole topic systematically。而新闻的 context 是为了让读者 understand a specific recent event。

  5. 四维特征综合识别 P1 P2 P3

    本文完美符合所有 criteria:Sunday 的 election(time-specific),引述了 surveys、candidates、observers(multiple attributions),平等呈现 Scioli 和 Macri 的 positions(balanced),解释了 electoral law(context)。没有 author's opinion(不是议论文),也不是系统性 explain 某个 concept(不是说明文),而是 report a newsworthy event that just happened。

哪些词暴露了新闻报道体裁?

  • On Sunday P1 即时性时间与地点词 next month November 22 first-ever
  • Many opinion surveys showed P1 新闻来源与引用词 Mr. Scioli won Mr. Macri says Mr. Scioli has promised observers are calling Mr. Scioli adds
  • Argentinians voted P1 核心事实概括词 Mr. Scioli won 35.9 percent Mauricio Macri finished in second place with 35.2 percent Argentina will hold its first-ever runoff election Voters will choose between the two men
  • But the surveys were wrong P2 核心事实概括词 not enough to win This means Argentina will hold
  • Daniel Scioli P1 核心事实概括词 Mauricio Macri Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner Buenos Aires province Buenos Aires Argentina
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

2 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

  • Mr. Scioli won 35.9 percent, but not enough to win the presidency.
    第2段,第2句

    虽然句子简单,但覆盖了主语、谓语、宾语和状语四种成分,且状语部分 "but not enough to win the presidency" 涉及省略结构和不定式,可用于训练识别补充说明成分,有一定练习价值但成分种类不够丰富

  • Carry out social welfare programs.
    第6题,C

    祈使句在四六级和考研真题中常出现于应用文写作或口语化情境,结构本身非常典型且易迁移,但在阅读理解长难句中出现频率相对较低。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 的常见问题

2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 文章的主旨是什么?
阿根廷总统选举出现意外,执政党候选人希奥利和反对派领导人马克里均未获得所需票数门槛,将进行决选投票,选民将在11月22日就两种截然不同的经济路线做出选择。(英文表述:Argentina's presidential election resulted in an unexpected runoff between ruling party candidate Daniel Scioli and opposition leader Mauricio Macri after neither secured the required vote threshold, with voters to decide between contrasting economic approaches on November 22.)
2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为新闻报道,作者立场是客观中立(Objective and factual)。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 208 词、3 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 234 篇(占 46%)。
2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按新闻报道骨架分为 3 个意群:第1段——选举结果出人意料;第2段——两强对决与政策分歧;第3段——法律规则背景。
2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(Objective and factual)。判断路径:首段动词形容词中立性 → 双方观点平衡呈现 → 观点来源明确标注 → 结尾维持事实陈述 → 多维度客观性一致;文中的态度信号词包括 voted(第1段)、surveys(第1段)、But(第2段)、says(第2段)、observers are calling(第2段)、must have(第3段)。
2015年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (3) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:runoff(决胜选举;第二轮投票)、populist(民粹主义的;平民主义的)、protectionism(贸易保护主义),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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