懒笔记
2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)
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2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)

新闻报道 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇新闻报道全文 151 词、6 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在英语四级文章中占 46%），作者立场为「客观中立」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

6 段英文原文

以下为2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 的听力原文，共 6 段。左侧 P1–P6 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

The Tunisian government said Monday that 45 people have been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the border with Libya.

The Interior and Defense ministries said that the Tunisian government has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack.

The Tunisian military has sent reinforcements and helicopters to the area, and authorities have been hunting several attackers who were still at large.

The violence came amid increasing international concern about Islamic State extremists in Libya. Officials of the Tunisian government are especially worried after dozens of tourists were killed in the attacks in Tunisia last year.

Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said last week that German and American security experts were expected to come to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system on its border with Libya.

Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead and were claimed by Islamic State.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

6 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Deadly Border Attack

    Gunmen killed 45 people in an attack near Tunisia's border with Libya.

    本段承担全文导语功能，直接呈现最重大的 breaking news：袭击造成45人死亡。它奠定全文的紧张基调，并引出政府随后采取的 border security response 以及对 Islamic State 的背景担忧。

    抓住伤亡与袭击
  2. P2

    Border Crossings Closed

    Tunisia closed its two border crossings with Libya in response to the attack.

    本段把报道从“发生了什么”推进到“政府如何应对”，说明袭击已影响国家边境运行。它具体支撑文章主旨中的 Tunisia closed its border crossings，并强化利比亚边境的安全敏感性。

    锁定政府封关
  3. P3

    Military Hunt for Attackers

    Tunisia deployed military forces and hunted attackers who were still at large.

    本段进一步展示突尼斯的现场处置，说明袭击后的安全威胁尚在持续。它补足文章主旨中 deployed military reinforcements 的细节，并让读者看到政府反应并非一次性措施，而是 ongoing operation。

    军队增援追捕
  4. P4

    Rising Islamic State Concerns

    The attack intensified concerns about Islamic State threats in Libya and Tunisia's security.

    本段是全文的背景与意义段，它把边境袭击连接到 Islamic State 在利比亚的活动风险。它直接支撑文章主旨中 the attack heightens concerns 的判断，并通过游客遇害的旧案解释突尼斯政府的焦虑。

    连接利比亚极端威胁
  5. P5

    Foreign Help for Border Surveillance

    Tunisia planned to strengthen border surveillance with foreign help and a new video system.

    本段补充突尼斯在军事追捕之外的长期安全策略，说明边境威胁促使该国升级 surveillance capacity。它使全文的应对图景更完整：既有关闭口岸和派兵，也有国际合作与技术防范。

    外援建设监控
  6. P6

    Tunisia's Previous Islamic State Attacks

    Islamic State claimed three attacks in Tunisia last year that killed 70 people.

    本段以去年三起、70人死亡的袭击收束报道，为当前事件提供最直接的历史参照。它最终回扣文章主旨：突尼斯面对的并非普通边境暴力，而是与 Islamic State 相关的持续性安全威胁。

    回扣旧案与组织
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

6 道逐段细节自检题

针对2016年12月英语四级真题第2套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 Tunisian government Monday

    What did the Tunisian government report on Monday?

    • A Seventy tourists were killed in an attack near the Libyan border.
    • B Gunmen closed two border crossings after attacking the town.
    • C Forty-five people had been killed after gunmen attacked a town near the Libyan border.
    • D Forty-five attackers were being hunted by the Tunisian military.
    • E German and American experts reported the deaths on Monday.
    • F The attack left 70 people dead and was claimed by Islamic State.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项完整保留了新闻 lead 的三层事实：casualty figure 是 45，直接事件是 gunmen attacked，地点是 near the Libyan border。它将原句的 have been killed 改为 had been killed，属于时态顺应，不改变报道事实。障碍在于选项信息较完整，考生必须确认数字、施事和因果都没有被替换。

    星期词直扫主句 时间最紧张时，直接用题干中的 Monday 作全文扫描，并以 Tunisian government 二次确认，定位到 第1段。随后采用“谓语宾语截取法”：只读该句中 government said 后面的内容，再检查正确项是否完整保留人数、袭击者和结果；不要先通读全部选项的背景词。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 two border crossings close

    Why did Tunisia close its two border crossings with Libya?

    • A Because several attackers were still at large.
    • B Because Islamic State claimed responsibility for three attacks.
    • C Because foreign security experts advised the government to do so.
    • D Because of the attack on a town near the Libyan border.
    • E Because tourists had refused to leave Tunisia.
    • F Because the two ministries needed to test an electronic system.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项准确复现 because of the attack 的直接因果关系，并通过 near the Libyan border 补足事件指向。题目障碍在于原文同时给出两个 ministry 名称，容易诱使考生把“谁宣布”错当成“为什么关闭”。

    因果词后截取 用 two border crossings 这个数字名词组合直接定位 第2段，不必先读全文。然后执行“连接词右读”：看 because of 后的短语，并在选项中只筛选能够充当直接 cause 的正确项；其余即使出现 border 或 security，也不优先考虑。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 reinforcements helicopters

    What measures were taken after the attack?

    • A The military closed the two crossings and installed video equipment.
    • B Authorities sent German and American experts to Libya.
    • C The military hunted 45 tourists who were still at large.
    • D The government withdrew its helicopters from the border.
    • E The military sent reinforcements and helicopters, while authorities hunted attackers still at large.
    • F Authorities claimed that Islamic State had carried out the attack.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    该项保留两个并列的处置动作：military sent resources，以及 authorities hunted suspects。while 合理呈现原句 and 连接的同步信息。障碍在于考生必须同时识别 military 与 authorities 不是同一表述，并确认 at large 修饰 attackers，而非 helicopters 或 reinforcements。

    双动词对照 把 measures 在脑中立刻改写成“谁做了什么”，再从选项提取 reinforcements 与 helicopters 扫读全文，定位 第3段。使用“动词双栏法”：只比对选项中的两个核心 action 是否分别有原文支撑；两栏均吻合的正确项优先，包含 invented action 的选项立即排除。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 tourists attacks in Tunisia

    What had made Tunisian officials particularly worried?

    • A The two border crossings with Libya had been closed.
    • B German and American experts had cancelled their visit to Tunisia.
    • C Forty-five military reinforcements had been killed by helicopters.
    • D Several attackers had crossed into Germany and the United States.
    • E Islamic State had announced a new electronic supervision system.
    • F Dozens of tourists had been killed in attacks in Tunisia the previous year.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：F

    该项对应 after dozens of tourists were killed in the attacks in Tunisia last year，准确说明 officials 的特殊担忧来自何种既往伤亡。the previous year 是对 last year 的时序转换。难点是原文先写 Islamic State extremists in Libya 的国际关切，后写官员尤其担忧的具体理由，考生须避免把前者误作后者。

    程度词后取因 先从选项提取 tourists 与 attacks in Tunisia，直接定位 第4段，再以题干的 particularly worried 匹配 especially worried。随后采用“程度词右侧取因”：忽略较宽泛的 international concern，只读取 especially worried 后由 after 引出的历史信息，用其匹配正确项。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 German and American security experts electronic video supervision system

    What were German and American security experts expected to help Tunisia do?

    • A Devise a new electronic video supervision system for its border with Libya.
    • B Close Tunisia's two border crossings with Libya immediately.
    • C Hunt down the attackers who were still at large.
    • D Send military reinforcements and helicopters to the area.
    • E Investigate the deaths of tourists in Tunisia last year.
    • F Claim responsibility for the three attacks on Tunisia.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：A

    该项准确承接 help Tunisia devise，保留了核心 action devise、项目 new electronic video supervision system 以及用途地点 border with Libya。其设置障碍在于 devise 表示设计或制定方案，并不等于系统已经 installed 或 tested；同时 its 的指代对象是 Tunisia。

    专家身份截取任务 时间紧张时，用题干中较长且唯一的 German and American security experts 直接扫描，定位 第5段。找到后只读取 help Tunisia 后的动词短语，并采用“预期状态校验”：正确项既要匹配任务内容，也不能把 devise 偷换成已经安装、测试或完成。

  6. 第 6 段 定位词 last year three attacks

    What does the report say about the attacks on Tunisia last year?

    • A One attack claimed by Islamic State killed 70 people near the border.
    • B Three attacks claimed by Islamic State killed a total of 70 people.
    • C Three attacks killed 45 people and led to the closure of two crossings.
    • D Islamic State said it would help Tunisia build a supervision system.
    • E Seventy attackers were killed while trying to cross into Libya.
    • F The attacks were carried out by German and American security experts.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：B

    该项将 three attacks、70 people dead 和 were claimed by Islamic State 三项历史事实完整整合，total 合理表达 left 70 people dead 的总数。障碍在于原文没有逐次给出伤亡，考生必须理解 70 是三次袭击的合计，而非其中一次或本次事件的数字。

    数字责任捆绑 先抓 last year，再从选项提取 three attacks 这一数字事件锚点，定位 第6段。随后使用“数字责任捆绑法”：不逐句精读，只检查正确项能否一次性捆住 three、70 和 claimed by Islamic State；任何一个数字或责任关系脱钩的选项都排除。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的新闻报道骨架

按新闻报道 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    突发事件核心信息

    这是典型的 news lead，用最简洁的方式呈现了 the core facts：攻击发生在 Tunisian town near Libya border，造成 45 people killed，immediately 建立起 who-what-where-when 的 framework

    作为 breaking news 的 opening，这个 lead paragraph 用最直接的方式 deliver 了最关键的 information：attack occurred、casualty number、location details，为整篇 report 奠定 factual foundation

    直接陈述攻击事件
  2. P2 P3

    政府即时响应措施

    第2段 和 第3段 构成 immediate response cluster，描述 Tunisian government 的 swift actions：border closure、military reinforcements、manhunt operations，these paragraphs 共同展现 authorities' reactive measures

    在 breaking news 中，government response 是 standard follow-up element。这个意群通过 detailing concrete actions（closed crossings、sent helicopters、hunting attackers）让 readers 理解 the scope of crisis 和 authorities' control measures

    边境关闭与军事部署
  3. P4 P5 P6

    深层背景与国际关切

    第4段-6 形成 contextual backdrop，通过 expanding timeline 和 geographical scope 来 situate current attack：Islamic State threat in Libya、previous attacks in Tunisia、international security cooperation，这些 paragraphs 提供 historical depth 和 geopolitical dimension

    这个意群执行 news analysis 的功能，把 isolated incident 放入 broader pattern 中。通过 referencing last year's 70 deaths、Islamic State's ongoing threat、international assistance，it 帮助 readers 理解这不是 random event 而是 continuing security crisis

    历史攻击关联
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首段核心事件三要素 P1

    新闻报道类文章遵循 inverted pyramid structure 倒金字塔结构，most important information 最重要的信息永远在 opening paragraph 开头段落，首段通常会直接呈现 main news event 主要新闻事件

  2. 官方回应显示事件等级 P2 P3

    新闻报道的 second paragraph 第二段通常会补充 first reaction 首要反应或 direct impact 直接影响,这是判断 news significance 新闻重要性的关键依据

  3. 背景段揭示深层主题 P4 P6

    新闻报道的 middle paragraphs 中间段落会提供 historical context 历史背景或 related events 相关事件,这是理解 real theme 真正主题而非表面事件的关键

  4. 三层信息串联成主旨 P1 P2 P3 P4 P6

    新闻报道主旨是 multi-layered 多层次的,需要将 immediate facts 即时事实、response measures 应对措施和 underlying worries 潜在担忧整合成 coherent summary 连贯总结

主旨信号词 killed P1 attacked P1 closed P2 concern P4 amid P4 last year P4

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

武装分子袭击了突尼斯靠近利比亚边境的一个城镇,造成45人死亡。突尼斯关闭了与利比亚的边境口岸并部署了军事增援。此次袭击加剧了人们对利比亚境内伊斯兰国极端分子的担忧,去年突尼斯曾发生伊斯兰国袭击事件,导致70人死亡。
Gunmen attacked a Tunisian town near the Libya border, killing 45 people. Tunisia closed its border crossings with Libya and deployed military reinforcements. The attack heightens concerns about Islamic State extremists in Libya, following previous IS attacks in Tunisia last year that killed 70 people.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • reinforcement 增援部队；援军

    让我们把这些 clues 串联起来。首先，从 context 看，military 在 attack 后 sent reinforcements and helicopters，这个 parallel structure 告诉我们 reinforcements 是某种和 helicopters 类似的 military resource。其次，从 word formation 看，re- + in- + force 的组合直接指向「再次投入力量」这个 core meaning。最后，从整个 event logic 看，面对 45 people killed 的 serious attack，military 的 response 必然是 strengthen defense，所以 sent reinforcements 在逻辑上就是「派遣增援部队」。三条 clues 共同指向同一个 conclusion。

    并列关系+构词逻辑+事件链定位
  • extremist 极端主义者；极端分子

    我们来整合这些 evidence。首先，从 immediate context 看，extremists 与 violence、attacks、killed tourists 这些 severe actions 直接 associated，说明他们是 perpetrators of violence。其次，从 word formation 看，extreme + -ist 的 structure 清晰地表明这是「持极端观点的人」。最后，从整个 international concern 和 Islamic State 的 organizational context 看，这不是 isolated individuals，而是有 extreme ideology 的 organized group。三条线索都指向同一个方向。

    行为特征+词根后缀+组织规模判断
  • devise 设计；构思；策划

    让我们把这些 clues 连接起来。第一，从 sentence structure 看，security experts help devise a system，说明 devise 是需要 expertise 的 professional activity。第二，从 object characteristics 看，这是一个 new、electronic、complex 的 supervision system，不可能是 simple operation，必然涉及 design and planning。第三，从整个 problem-solution framework 看，面对 border security threats，devise a system 是 strategic response，在逻辑上应该是「设计、规划」这类 creative problem-solving activity。所有 evidence 都指向同一个 meaning。

    主体资质+宾语属性+功能定位
  • supervision 监督；监控

    现在我们整合所有 clues。首先，从 immediate context 看，electronic video supervision system on border 这个 collocation 表明这是用于 border monitoring 的 technical system。其次，从 morphology 看，super- (above) + vis (see) + -ion 的组合字面意思就是「从上面观察」，这与 video monitoring 的 nature 完全吻合。最后，从整个 security strategy sequence 看，这个 system 是 long-term preventive measure，目的是 continuous observation and control。三个维度的 evidence 都指向「监督、监控」这个 meaning。

    应用场景+空间词根+战略定位
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 数据引用

    P1 P4 P6

    文章在opening就直接抛出具体数字"45 people have been killed"，这种precise numerical data的immediate presentation立刻establish了事件的severity和urgency。通过concrete figures而非vague descriptions，readers能instantly grasp死亡人数的scale，从而understand这次attack的devastating nature。这个hard data为entire article设定了serious和grave的tone，让subsequent information显得更加credible和impactful。

    信号词 45 people 70 people dozens of several attackers three attacks two border crossings

    仿写： 当你report重大events时，prioritize具体的numbers在文章early position。不要说"many casualties"，而要说"45 people killed"这样的exact figures。建议采用这个template：[具体数字] + [people/victims/casualties] + [have been + past participle] + [in/after + event description]。比如"23 miners have been trapped after the collapse"或"100 residents have been evacuated due to flooding"。记住要verify your data source，确保numerical accuracy。

  • 客观描述

    P1 P2 P3 P6

    文章使用neutral和factual language来present events，比如"gunmen attacked"、"government has closed"、"military has sent reinforcements"这些straightforward statements。这种objective tone避免了emotional language和subjective judgments，让readers自己form opinions based on facts。Journalist没有说"brutal terrorists viciously murdered"这样带有strong bias的words，而是stick to verifiable actions和official statements。这种restrained approach增强了report的journalistic integrity，make it更suitable for serious news consumption。

    信号词 said attacked closed sent claimed killed were expected

    仿写： Practice用neutral verbs替代emotional ones。与其说"terrorists brutally slaughtered innocent victims"，不如说"attackers killed civilians"。Structure your sentences with clear subjects和action verbs："[Official body] + said/announced/reported + [factual statement]"。Avoid loaded adjectives like"heinous"、"barbaric"、"heroic"。当需要convey severity时，let the facts speak through numbers和specific actions，而不是through评价性的language。Template："[Subject] + [neutral action verb] + [object] + [prepositional phrase providing context]"，例如"Police detained three suspects near the crime scene"。

  • 背景交代

    P4 P5 P6

    第四段和第六段provide crucial context by connecting current attack to previous incidents。"Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead"这个background information帮助readers understand这不是isolated incident，而是part of a larger pattern of extremist violence。Phrase"amid increasing international concern"也establish了broader geopolitical context。这种contextual layering让current event不再是standalone news，而是ongoing security crisis的latest development，从而amplify其significance和urgency。

    信号词 last year last week amid after came were expected

    仿写： 当writing news about recurring issues时，always include a background paragraph that links current event to historical context。Use temporal markers明确："last year"、"in recent months"、"since 2020"。Structure可以是："This attack comes after/follows/is the latest in [previous related events]"。或者用"amid"、"against the backdrop of"来introduce broader context："amid growing tensions"、"against the backdrop of economic crisis"。Template："[Current event] + comes/occurs + [temporal phrase] + after [previous related incident] + that [resulted in specific outcome]"。例如："The protests erupted just months after similar demonstrations that led to government resignations"。

  • 引语运用

    P1 P2 P5

    文章throughout使用official statements来convey information，比如"The Tunisian government said"、"The Interior and Defense ministries said"、"Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said"。这些attributed quotes不是direct quotations但是reported speech，它们serve to distance journalist from claims并establish authoritative sources。通过consistently citing official bodies，article maintains its objectivity while ensuring information comes from credible channels。这种technique特别重要for sensitive security topics，因为它shows journalist is reporting what authorities claim，not making independent assertions about complex situations。

    信号词 said announced stated confirmed claimed reported according to

    仿写： 在news reporting中，always attribute significant claims to specific sources。Use this structure："[Named official/organization] + said/stated/announced + that [claim]"。Be specific about titles："Defense Minister X said"而不是just"officials said"。当你can't get direct quotes时，use reported speech："The spokesperson confirmed that operations were ongoing"。Vary your attribution verbs to avoid repetition："said"、"stated"、"announced"、"confirmed"、"revealed"、"disclosed"。Template："According to [specific source], [claim]. [Source] added that [additional information]"。Remember that strong attribution不仅protects you as writer，也helps readers evaluate information's reliability based on source。

  • 对比手法

    P3 P5

    文章通过juxtaposition of different types of information创建implicit contrast。比如第三段describe immediate military response（"sent reinforcements and helicopters"）while第五段mention future preventive measures（"German and American security experts were expected to come"）。这种contrast between reactive和proactive responses highlights既有immediate crisis management也有long-term security planning。另一个contrast是between具体的violent actions（"attacked"、"killed"）和bureaucratic responses（"closed border crossings"、"devise video supervision system"），这implicit comparison展示了violence和administrative measures之间的tension。

    信号词 while meanwhile however but yet in contrast on the other hand

    仿写： 要create effective contrast，place contrasting elements in close proximity without explicitly stating the comparison。Structure your article so that one paragraph presents one aspect（e.g., immediate response）and next paragraph presents contrasting aspect（e.g., long-term planning）。Use parallel structures to amplify contrast："While [Group A] [action A], [Group B] [action B]"。或者simply juxtapose："[Fact A about immediate crisis]. [Fact B about future measures]"。Let the contrast emerge naturally from content placement rather than using heavy-handed comparison phrases。Template："[Immediate/violent/reactive action]. Meanwhile/In parallel, [planned/preventive/bureaucratic measure]"。这种implicit comparison often more powerful than explicit statements because它allows readers to draw their own conclusions。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 边境关闭暗示威胁持续且严重

    P2
    the Tunisian government has closed its two border crossings with Libya because of the attack

    因果关系类 because of due to as a result of owing to on account of since as

    表面上这句话只是在 stating a fact：因为 attack 所以 closed borders。但 closing two border crossings 是一个非常 drastic measure，会 severely impact trade、movement、daily life。用如此 understated 的 because of 来连接，actually implies 政府认为 the security threat 极其 severe，可能还有 ongoing risks 或者担心 further infiltration。这个 implication 对文章主旨很重要，因为它 reinforces 了 Islamic State extremists in Libya 对 Tunisia 构成的 existential threat，explaining 为什么后文会提到 international cooperation 和 new surveillance systems。

  • 持续追捕暗示威胁尚未解除

    P3
    authorities have been hunting several attackers who were still at large

    状态持续类 still at large remain continue to ongoing persistent still yet to be

    这句话表面上是在 reporting 一个 operational fact：authorities 正在追捕逃犯。但 still at large 这个 phrase 实际上 carries heavy implications。它暗示：first，immediate threat 还没有 eliminated，civilians 可能仍处于 danger 之中；second，attackers 可能有 local support 或 hiding networks，否则不会这么难抓；third，这进一步 justifies 前面提到的 border closure 和 military deployment。对于文章主旨而言，这个 detail reinforces Tunisia 面临的 IS threat 不是 isolated incident，而是 a deeper security challenge，为后文提到需要 international assistance 和 new surveillance systems 做了铺垫。

  • 时间对比凸显问题反复性

    P4
    The violence came amid increasing international concern about Islamic State extremists in Libya

    语境背景类 came amid amid against the backdrop of in the context of following after in the wake of

    这句话用 came amid 把当前 attack 和 international concern about IS in Libya 联系起来，暗示这次 violence 不是 random act，而很可能是 IS extremists from Libya 的 spillover effect。这个 implication 非常重要，因为它 establishes 了 the transnational nature of the threat。对文章主旨而言，这解释了为什么 Tunisia 需要 close borders with Libya、为什么需要 international assistance（后文提到的 German and American experts），也 connects 这次事件和去年的 IS attacks，showing 这是 an ongoing campaign 而不是 isolated incidents。这种 contextual framing 让读者理解 Tunisia's security challenges 的 regional dimensions。

  • 官员表态透露能力不足

    P5
    German and American security experts were expected to come to help Tunisia devise a new electronic video supervision system

    委婉表达类 were expected to come to help help assist support aid cooperation collaboration

    Defense Minister 说 German and American experts 会来 help devise a new surveillance system，表面上是在 announcing international cooperation，显得很 positive。但这个 statement 实际上 reveals Tunisia lacks the technical expertise 或 resources to build such systems independently。这暗示：the threat is so sophisticated that local capabilities are inadequate、Tunisia's border security has serious vulnerabilities、the government is taking extraordinary measures to address a critical weakness。对文章主旨而言，这 underscores the gravity of the IS threat from Libya，说明 Tunisia 面对的不是 ordinary terrorism，而是需要 advanced Western technology 和 expertise 才能应对的 complex security challenge。这也 explains 为什么前面的 attack 能够发生，以及为什么 border security 成为 priority。

  • 数字堆叠强化威胁持续性

    P6
    Tunisia was targeted last year by three attacks that left 70 people dead and were claimed by Islamic State

    时间对比类 last year previously earlier in the past before prior to formerly

    文章最后一段提到 last year 的 three IS attacks killed 70 people，这个 historical reference 不是 casual mention。它和当前的 45 deaths 形成 numerical comparison，暗示尽管去年已经发生了 devastating attacks，Tunisia 仍然 vulnerable to IS strikes。这 implies：government's security improvements 不够 effective、IS retains operational capability in or near Tunisia、the threat is not diminishing。对文章主旨而言，这个 historical context 是 crucial，因为它 shows 当前 attack 不是 anomaly，而是 part of sustained IS campaign against Tunisia。这 retrospective framing 也 justifies 文中提到的所有 security measures（border closure、military deployment、international assistance），说明这些 responses 是针对 a proven and recurring threat，not an overreaction to a single incident。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：客观中立

结论先行：本文作者态度为客观中立（ Objective and Concerned）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段措辞的客观性 P1

    这篇 article 的 opening 直接陈述了 attack 和 death toll（45 people killed），没有用 emotional adjectives 或 subjective evaluations。这种 straightforward presentation 是 objective reporting 的典型 signal，说明作者在 maintain neutrality。

  2. 信源引用的完整性 P1 P2 P5

    全文 consistently cite official sources："The Tunisian government said"、"The Interior and Defense ministries said"、"Defense Minister Farhat Horchani said"。每个 key fact 都有 clear attribution，作者没有 add unattributed claims 或 personal interpretations，这是 objective reporting 的 hallmark。

  3. 背景交代的克制性 P4 P6

    第四段和第六段 provide context："increasing international concern"、"dozens of tourists were killed in the attacks in Tunisia last year"、"three attacks that left 70 people dead"。这些 background information 显示作者 acknowledge the seriousness，但用的是 factual language（concern, killed）而非 alarmist rhetoric。这体现了 concerned but measured 的态度。

  4. 动词选择的中立性 P1 P2 P3 P4

    文章使用的 verbs 都很 neutral："said"、"closed"、"sent"、"hunting"、"came"。没有用"brutally slaughtered"、"mercilessly attacked"这类 emotionally loaded expressions。Even describing attackers，只说"gunmen"和"extremists"，这些是 standard terms 而非 inflammatory labels。这种 restrained diction 确认了 objective stance。

  5. 整体风格的专业性 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    整体来看，这是一篇 standard wire service style 的 news report。作者 maintains professional distance throughout，没有 inject opinions，但 through factual presentation of death tolls、government responses 和 historical context，naturally conveys the seriousness of the situation。这种 attitude——objective yet concerned——是 quality journalism 在 reporting security threats 时的 appropriate stance。

文中的态度信号词

  • said P1

    "Said" 是 neutral reporting verb，表明作者在 attribute information to sources 而不是 present it as personal assertion。这个 verb 在全文中 repeatedly appear（第1段, 第2段, 第5段），creating a pattern of objective attribution，显示作者 consistently距离自己的 content，让 officials' statements 成为 information source。

    同类词 reported announced stated confirmed indicated

  • 45 people have been killed P1

    Specific death toll（45 people）是 factual reporting 的典型 marker。作者没有用 vague expressions（"many died"）或 emotional phrases（"innocent lives were tragically lost"），而是 present precise number，这种 specificity 和 neutral phrasing 体现 objective documentation of facts。

    同类词 dozens of tourists were killed 70 people dead death toll casualties fatalities

  • increasing international concern P4

    "Increasing international concern" 是个 nuanced phrase——它 acknowledges seriousness 但用的是 measured, third-party perspective（"international concern" not "I am concerned"）。"Increasing" 作为 trend descriptor 是 factual observation 而非 alarmist language。这种 phrasing 让作者 convey gravity without compromising objectivity。

    同类词 growing worry heightened anxiety rising concern mounting concern deepening worry

  • attacked P1

    "Attacked" 是 standard news terminology for violent incidents——它's factual and widely accepted 而不是 sensationalist。比起"brutally assaulted"或"mercilessly struck"，这个 verb 保持了 professional neutrality。作者也在 第6段 用了"targeted"，都属于 neutral descriptors in security reporting。

    同类词 assault strike raid targeted offensive

  • officials P4

    "Officials" 和其他 authority-related nouns 在全文中 dominate as information sources。这种 reliance on official sources 是 straight news reporting 的 characteristic——作者 not presenting personal views 而是 channeling institutional information。虽然 some critics 可能说这是 too government-dependent，但 for breaking security news，这是 standard practice。

    同类词 authorities government ministries minister representatives

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇新闻报道

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇新闻报道？

  1. 时间标记+过去时态 P1

    新闻报道的 lead paragraph 必然呈现 when it happened 和 what happened，而议论文会先抛出 argument 或 viewpoint，说明文则会给出 definition 或 general introduction，这三者在 opening strategy 上有本质区别

  2. 多个权威信源引述 P1 P2 P5

    新闻报道依赖 external sources 来 establish credibility，会频繁引用 official statements 和 multiple perspectives；议论文主要呈现 author's reasoning 和 personal analysis；说明文则是 author's explanation，很少需要 quote external authorities

  3. 倒金字塔信息层级 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    新闻报道的 information hierarchy 遵循 decreasing importance，把 who-what-when-where 前置，然后才是 why 和 how 的 context；议论文是 logical progression，从 premise 到 conclusion；说明文是 categorical organization，按 aspects 或 features 分类展开

  4. 客观中立语言 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    新闻报道坚持 journalistic objectivity，即使报道 controversial events 也用 factual language 呈现 different sides；议论文必然包含 value judgment 和 persuasive language；说明文虽然也 objective，但重点在 clarify concepts 而非 report events

  5. 四维特征综合验证 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    这个 four-point checklist 覆盖了新闻报道在 temporal, evidential, structural, stylistic 四个维度的 distinctive features，构成了 comprehensive yet efficient 的判断框架；议论文缺乏 time specificity 和 source diversity，说明文缺乏 event focus 和 timeliness，因此通过这四步能实现 accurate differentiation

哪些词暴露了新闻报道体裁？

  • said Monday P1 即时性时间标记词 said last week last year
  • The Tunisian government P1 新闻来源与引用词 The Interior and Defense ministries authorities Officials of the Tunisian government Defense Minister Farhat Horchani
  • 45 people have been killed P1 核心事实概括词 gunmen attacked has closed its two border crossings sent reinforcements and helicopters dozens of tourists were killed
  • near the border with Libya P1 即时性地点标记词 a town near the border its two border crossings with Libya on its border with Libya in Tunisia
  • gunmen attacked P1 核心事实概括词 has closed has sent reinforcements have been hunting were killed were expected to come
  • The violence came amid P4 新闻背景关联词 came amid because of the attack after dozens of tourists were killed last year
  • Islamic State extremists P4 核心事实概括词 Islamic State attackers gunmen German and American security experts
  • said last week P5 即时性时间标记词 said Monday last year
  • were expected to come P5 新闻未来发展词 have been hunting several attackers who were still at large
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

1 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 的常见问题

2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的主旨是什么？
武装分子袭击了突尼斯靠近利比亚边境的一个城镇,造成45人死亡。突尼斯关闭了与利比亚的边境口岸并部署了军事增援。此次袭击加剧了人们对利比亚境内伊斯兰国极端分子的担忧,去年突尼斯曾发生伊斯兰国袭击事件,导致70人死亡。（英文表述：Gunmen attacked a Tunisian town near the Libya border, killing 45 people. Tunisia closed its border crossings with Libya and deployed military reinforcements. The attack heightens concerns about Islamic State extremists in Libya, following previous IS attacks in Tunisia last year that killed 70 people.）
2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为新闻报道，作者立场是客观中立（Objective and Concerned）。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 151 词、6 段；在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 234 篇（占 46%）。
2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 6 段按新闻报道骨架分为 3 个意群：第1段——突发事件核心信息；第2段、第3段——政府即时响应措施；第4段、第5段、第6段——深层背景与国际关切。
2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是客观中立（Objective and Concerned）。判断路径：首段措辞的客观性 → 信源引用的完整性 → 背景交代的克制性 → 动词选择的中立性 → 整体风格的专业性；文中的态度信号词包括 said（第1段）、45 people have been killed（第1段）、increasing international concern（第4段）、attacked（第1段）、officials（第4段）。
2016年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：reinforcement（增援部队；援军）、extremist（极端主义者；极端分子）、devise（设计；构思；策划）、supervision（监督；监控），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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