2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2)
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2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2)

记叙文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇记叙文全文 245 词、4 段,CEFR 难度 B1(B1 级在英语四级文章中占 22%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

4 段英文原文

以下为2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 的听力原文,共 4 段。左侧 P1–P4 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Have you ever heard of the Vikings? They were sea travelers from Norway. More than a thousand years ago, they made three important geographical discoveries.

The Vikings' first major discovery occurred in the ninth century. A man called Naddod was on his way from Norway to the Faroe Islands, north of England, when his ship was caught in a storm. The storm blew the ship west for several days. When the weather cleared, Naddod found himself on the coast of a new land. Later, Viking travelers named it Iceland.

In 982, a Viking called Eric the Red sailed west in search of new land. Five hundred miles west of Iceland, he and his men reached an icy rocky mass of land. They sailed around it until they reached the western side. Here, they found some green areas, so they named the island Greenland.

Then, in 1001, the Vikings made their most important discovery. The son of Eric the Red, named Leif Ericson, had heard rumors about land west of Greenland. He sailed west and soon found it. He and his men landed in three places. They called the first one Helluland, which means land of flat stones. The Vikings then sailed south and made their second landing. They named this place Markland. The third landing was at a place they called Vinland. Leif Ericson and his men were the first Europeans to walk on the shores of North America, almost 500 years earlier than Columbus.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

4 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Viking Discoveries

    The introduction of the Vikings and their three major discoveries.

    这一段承担 opening 的作用,它先提出“谁”——Vikings,以及“做了什么”——made three discoveries,从而为后三段按时间展开的三次发现搭建清晰的总—分结构。

    首段锁定总领信息
  2. P2

    The Accidental Discovery of Iceland

    Naddod accidentally discovered Iceland in the ninth century.

    本段是全文第一个分述事例,它以 accidental discovery 展开“第一项发现”,既兑现首段的 three discoveries,也用最早的时间节点开启了后文不断向西推进的航海叙事。

    暴风偏航发现冰岛
  3. P3

    Eric the Red and Greenland

    Eric the Red discovered and named Greenland in 982.

    本段构成全文第二项发现,并通过 west of Iceland 将 Greenland 与 Iceland 连成连续的西行路线;它还把“意外发现”推进为 purposeful exploration,为最后到达 North America 作出铺垫。

    西航命名格陵兰
  4. P4

    The Vikings Reach North America

    Leif Ericson reached North America nearly 500 years before Columbus.

    本段是全文的 climax,它完成第三次、也是 most important discovery,并以 earlier than Columbus 强化维京人航海成就的历史价值;至此,文章从 Iceland 到 Greenland 再到 North America 的西行发现链条完整收束。

    早于哥伦布抵达北美
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

4 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年12月英语四级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 Vikings

    Who were the Vikings according to the passage?

    • A They were famous kings in British history.
    • B They were local residents of Iceland since ancient times.
    • C They were sea travelers coming from Norway.
    • D They were scientific researchers exploring the sea.
    • E They were peaceful traders from the Faroe Islands.
    • F They were enemies of Christopher Columbus.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    正确项直接对应原文中的 sea travelers from Norway。这种 matching expression 是四级阅读中常见的 literal information 考查方式,通过 direct statement 提供答案。

    首现定义核对 针对此类 identity 题目,可直接锁定 第1段 中首次定义核心人物的句子。利用 fast matching 技巧,比对选项中的 origin 和 identity,无需阅读全文即可确定正确项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 Naddod

    What led to Naddod's discovery of the new land?

    • A He followed a secret map from Norway.
    • B He was searching for the Faroe Islands purposefully.
    • C The weather was clear during his whole journey.
    • D His ship was driven off course by a storm.
    • E He was sent by the Viking king to find Iceland.
    • F His ship was broken and he swam to the coast.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    正确项是对原文 caught in a storm 和 blew the ship west 的 logical paraphrase。风暴改变了船的行进方向,并直接促成了对新土地的发现,因而构成题干所问的 cause。

    航线变化追因 快速锁定 第2段 中 Naddod 所在的 sentence group,再围绕题干的 led to 查找具有因果作用的 action。对比选项时,只判断哪一项能解释航线变化及后续发现,即可选出正确项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 Eric the Red

    Why was the new land named 'Greenland' by Eric the Red?

    • A Because the entire land was covered with trees.
    • B Because Eric the Red's favorite color was green.
    • C Because it was located on the western side of Iceland.
    • D Because the land was mostly made of icy rocks.
    • E Because they discovered some green spots on the island.
    • F Because they wanted to hide the fact that it was icy.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    原文明确通过 found some green areas, so they named 构成 cause-effect relation。正确项使用 synonym substitution,将 areas 换成 spots,但保留了 some 所限定的范围以及命名原因。

    命名前因截取 利用 keyword mapping,直接在 第3段 查找题干中的 place name 及其对应的 naming verb,再读取紧邻该命名行为的 causal clause。选项只要准确复述该直接原因,即可判为正确项。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 1001

    What is unique about Leif Ericson's journey in 1001?

    • A He followed his father Eric the Red to find Vinland.
    • B He discovered North America together with Columbus.
    • C He was the first person to hear rumors about the land.
    • D He stayed in Helluland for more than five hundred years.
    • E He named all the three places after his own family names.
    • F He reached North America long before Christopher Columbus did.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文说明 Leif Ericson 和同行者是最早踏上 North America 海岸的 Europeans,并明确将其时间与 Columbus 进行比较。正确项用 long before 概括 almost 500 years earlier,保留了核心 chronology。

    段尾时序核验 先以年份直接定位 第4段,再跳读该段用于概括 journey significance 的 conclusion statement。对比选项时,优先检查人物、地点与 chronological relation 是否同时一致,以此快速识别正确项。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

4 个意群的记叙文骨架

按记叙文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引入Vikings及其地理发现背景

    这个opening paragraph简洁地introduces了Vikings这个sea travelers群体,并且用a thousand years ago这个time marker来establish了historical context,同时提出了three important geographical discoveries这个central topic,为整个narrative设定了framework。

    这个意群作为narrative的opening,它performs了essential的topic introduction功能,通过directly stating三个重要discoveries来establish reader expectation,让readers知道接下来的narrative会围绕这些geographical findings展开,同时builds historical atmosphere。

    总领全文的发现事件
  2. 第一个发现:Iceland的意外发现

    这个意群narrates了first major discovery的complete story,以Naddod这个specific character为protagonist,通过storm这个plot device来drive the accidental discovery,整个narrative包含了clear的time marker(ninth century)、conflict(caught in a storm)、resolution(found new land),最后以naming Iceland作为conclusion。

    这个意群fulfills了主旨中提到的first discovery,它provides了detailed narrative来support opening段的general statement,通过chronological order和specific details(like the storm、the western drift、the coast)来make the discovery concrete and vivid,establishes了Viking exploration的adventurous nature。

    三个发现中的第一个
  3. 第二个发现:Greenland的探索命名

    这个意群presents了second discovery,以Eric the Red作为new protagonist,narrates了deliberate exploration(不同于上个意群的accidental discovery),描述了journey westward、reaching icy land、sailing around到western side、finding green areas这个complete exploration process,最后以naming Greenland结束这个episode。

    这个意群continues the chronological narrative,它follows时间顺序来elaborate第二个discovery,通过contrasting details(icy rocky mass vs. green areas)来explain命名logic,maintains了narrative momentum并且advances主旨中的geographical discoveries sequence,shows Viking exploration的progressive nature。

    三个发现中的第二个
  4. 第三个发现:北美大陆的历史性抵达

    这个concluding意群narrates了most important discovery,introduces Leif Ericson这个Eric the Red的son,描述了他based on rumors来sail westward的journey,详细列举了three landing places(Helluland、Markland、Vinland)及其naming logic,最后用historical significance statement(first Europeans in North America, 500 years before Columbus)来emphasize这个discovery的monumental importance。

    这个意群delivers主旨中的climactic discovery,它not only presents第三个geographical finding,而且通过comparison with Columbus来highlight其historical significance,serves as narrative的culmination。这个意群比前两个更detailed(three separate landings),reflects其greater importance,并provides satisfying conclusion to整个Viking exploration narrative。

    三个发现中最重要的一个
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首段主题句定调 P1

    记叙文的 opening 通常会 establish 故事的 main characters 和 overall scope。这里明确提出 'three important geographical discoveries' 就是文章要 narrate 的核心 events,time marker 'More than a thousand years ago' 则界定了 historical context。

  2. 时间线索追踪 P2 P3 P4

    记叙文的主旨往往体现在 events 的 sequencing 中。这里的 chronological progression 不是随意的,而是在 build up 到 climax:从 accidental discovery (Iceland) 到 intentional exploration (Greenland) 再到 most important discovery (North America)。这种 escalating pattern 揭示了作者的 evaluative stance。

  3. 高潮评价识别 P4

    记叙文的主旨常常在 climax 处被 explicitly stated 或 implicitly reinforced。作者用 superlative 'most important' 和 comparative 'earlier than Columbus' 来 foreground 这个 event 的 significance。这告诉我们文章不只是 listing discoveries,而是在 build toward 一个 central point:Vikings' pioneering role in exploring North America。

  4. 首尾呼应验证 P1 P2 P3 P4

    记叙文主旨的判断需要验证 opening 和 development 的 coherence。如果 opening 说 'three discoveries',body 确实 narrate 了 three,且用 evaluative markers 突出其中一个,那主旨就是:summarize all three + highlight the most significant one。这是典型的 narrative thesis pattern。

主旨信号词 three important geographical discoveries P1 first major discovery P2 most important discovery P4 almost 500 years earlier than Columbus P4

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

这篇记叙文讲述了一千多年前维京探险家做出的三个重大地理发现:九世纪纳多德意外发现冰岛,982年红色埃里克远征格陵兰岛,以及1001年莱夫·埃里克森登陆北美洲这一里程碑事件,比哥伦布早了近500年。
This narrative recounts three major geographical discoveries made by Viking explorers over a thousand years ago: Naddod's accidental discovery of Iceland in the ninth century, Eric the Red's expedition to Greenland in 982, and Leif Ericson's landmark arrival in North America in 1001, nearly 500 years before Columbus.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • rumor 传闻,谣言

    让我们把这些 clues 串起来看:Leif Ericson heard rumors,然后 based on 这个 heard 来的信息,他 sailed west 并且 found 了那片 land。首先,rumors 是可以被 hear 的,说明它是 spoken information;其次,他需要亲自去 verify 这个信息,说明 rumors 不是 confirmed facts;第三,从 narrative structure 来看,前面的 discoveries 都是基于 concrete reasons,这里却是基于 heard 来的东西,凸显了 rumors 的 uncertain nature。最后,从 word formation 角度,-or 这个 ending 提示我们这是个 noun。综合这些,我们可以推断:rumors 指的是人们口头传播的、未经证实的消息或说法。

    搭配+反应+对比+构词
  • mass 一大片,一大块

    现在我们把所有 evidence 整合起来:首先,从 grammatical structure 看,mass 是个 noun,被 icy 和 rocky 修饰,后面跟着 of land 这个 phrase;其次,从 spatial relationship 看,Vikings 能够 sail around 这个 mass 并且 reach 它的 western side,说明它是个 large, solid, geographical feature;第三,它被描述为 icy 和 rocky,这些都是描述 physical terrain 的 adjectives;最后,后续 text 明确指出这就是 Greenland,一个 island。综合这些信息,mass 在这里指的是一大片、一大块具有 physical presence 的东西,特别是指 land 或 geographical formations。

    句法+互动+共现+验证
  • shore 海岸,岸边

    让我们串联所有 clues:首先,从 verb collocation 看,shores 是可以被 walk on 的,说明它是 solid surface;其次,从 narrative sequence 看,Vikings sailed across the ocean,然后 landed,最后 walked on the shores,这个 progression 清楚地显示 shores 是 sea 和 land 的 connection point;第三,shores of North America 这个 phrase 表明它是 continent 的某个 edge 或 boundary;最后,从 word form 看,shore 是个 basic geographical term,用 plural 形式表示多个 similar locations。综合起来,shores 指的是 land meets water 的那条边缘地带,也就是海岸、岸边。

    动作+轨迹+归属+数量
  • clear (天气)放晴,转晴

    我们来整合这些 clues:首先,从 narrative timeline 看,storm 发生在前,weather cleared 发生在后,这是个 before-after contrast;其次,从 consequence 看,只有在 weather cleared 之后,Naddod 才能 see the coast 并且 find his location,说明 cleared 带来了 better visibility 或 better conditions;第三,从 word formation 看,clear 作为 adjective 意思是"清楚的",变成 verb cleared 就表示"变得清楚、变得晴朗"。综合这些,weather cleared 的意思是天气放晴、天气转好。

    识别+对比+结果+转换规则
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 顺叙

    P1 P2 P3 P4

    整篇文章采用了典型的 chronological order,按照时间顺序 in sequence 依次展开三次 geographical discoveries:ninth century 的 Iceland 发现,982年的 Greenland 探险,以及1001年的 North America 登陆。这种 linear narrative structure 让读者能够清晰地 trace the progression of Viking exploration,建立起完整的 historical timeline。通过 temporal markers 如 'More than a thousand years ago'、'in the ninth century'、'In 982'、'Then, in 1001',文章将 scattered events 串联成一条清晰的 exploration trajectory,有效支撑了主旨——Vikings made three important discoveries 的 sequential presentation。

    信号词 More than a thousand years ago in the ninth century In 982 Then, in 1001 Later When the weather cleared soon first second third

    仿写: 写作时要问自己:我的 story 中哪些 events 具有明确的 time sequence?如何用 temporal markers 来 signal the progression?建议先 list out all key events with their dates,然后用 transitional phrases 连接。仿写模版:'[Time marker 1] + [Event 1] occurred. [Time marker 2], [Subject] + [Action/Event 2]. [Transitional word], [Time marker 3], [Final event] happened.'

  • 细节描写

    P2 P3 P4

    文章在 第2段 中运用了 vivid details 来描绘 Naddod 的 accidental discovery:'his ship was caught in a storm'、'The storm blew the ship west for several days'、'When the weather cleared'。这些 specific circumstances 不仅让 discovery process 变得 tangible and dramatic,更突出了 Viking exploration 的 unpredictable nature 和 challenging conditions。类似地,第3段 用 'icy rocky mass of land'、'green areas' 等 concrete descriptions 来刻画 Greenland 的 geographical features,第4段 用 'land of flat stones'、'shores' 等 descriptive elements 让 North America landing 变得 vivid and memorable。这些 sensory details 增强了 narrative 的 authenticity,让 historical discoveries 不再 abstract,而是具有 tangible reality。

    信号词 caught in a storm blew the ship west When the weather cleared icy rocky mass green areas flat stones shores sailed around reached landed

    仿写: 写作时问自己:这个 scene 中有哪些 sensory elements(sight, sound, touch)?什么 specific actions or conditions 能让 event 更 tangible?建议选择2-3个关键 moments,为每个 moment 添加 one or two concrete details。避免 generic descriptions,用 specific nouns and vivid verbs。仿写模版:'[Subject] + [specific action/condition]. [Sensory detail 1], [sensory detail 2]. When [condition changed], [result with concrete description].'

  • 补叙

    P2

    在 第2段 中,文章先叙述 Naddod discovered a new land,然后用 'Later, Viking travelers named it Iceland' 进行 supplementary narration,补充说明了这块土地 eventually 获得名称的 subsequent development。这种 retrospective addition 填补了 discovery 和 naming 之间的 temporal gap,让 narrative 更加 complete。这个 brief supplementary detail 虽然不在主要 timeline 上,但对理解 Iceland 这个 geographical name 的 origin 很重要,丰富了整个 Viking exploration history 的 completeness。

    信号词 Later Eventually Afterward Subsequently In time As it turned out

    仿写: 写作时思考:我的 main narrative 是否有 information gaps?哪些 background details 能让 story 更 complete 但不适合 interrupt main flow?建议在 main event 叙述完后,用 temporal markers(如 later, eventually, afterward)引入 supplementary information。保持 brief and focused。仿写模版:'[Main event narration]. Later/Eventually/Afterward, [supplementary information about previous event or its consequence].'

  • 细节描写

    P4

    第4段 采用了 systematic enumeration of landing sites,用 'first one'、'second'、'third' 配合 specific names(Helluland, Markland, Vinland)和 descriptive meanings('land of flat stones')来 detail Leif Ericson 的 exploration process。这种 meticulous cataloging 不仅展现了 Viking explorers 的 methodical approach,更通过 naming practice 体现了他们的 observational skills 和对 geographical features 的 attention。特别是 'land of flat stones' 这个 interpretive detail,让 naming 不再是 arbitrary label,而是 meaningful description。这些 layered details 共同支撑了文章主旨中 'landmark arrival' 的重要性——不只是 reached North America,而是 carefully documented multiple locations。

    信号词 first one second third three They called They named which means

    仿写: 写作时考虑:这个 event 是否包含 multiple components 需要 systematic presentation?每个 component 有什么 distinguishing features?建议用 ordinal markers(first, second, third)建立 framework,为每个 item 提供 one defining characteristic。保持 parallel structure for rhythm。仿写模版:'[Subject] + [action] in [number] places. The first [item] + [defining feature]. The second [item] + [feature]. The third [item] + [feature].'

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 意外发现突显探索的偶然性

    P2
    when his ship was caught in a storm. The storm blew the ship west for several days. When the weather cleared, Naddod found himself on the coast of a new land.

    被动遭遇类 was caught in a storm was caught in was blown found himself happened to stumbled upon came across

    这段的 implication 是 Naddod's discovery of Iceland 是完全 accidental 的,不是 planned exploration。通过强调 storm caught the ship 和 blew it west,作者 implies Viking discoveries 并非都源于 deliberate planning,有时是 nature's force 和 luck 的结果。这个 subtext 对 main theme 的 value 在于:它 establishes 一个 pattern,说明 geographical discoveries 可以有 different origins—有些是 forced by circumstances。这为后文 Eric the Red 的 deliberate search 和 Leif Ericson 的 rumor-driven exploration 形成 contrast,展现 Viking exploration 的 diverse nature。

  • 命名反讽暗示实际环境反差

    P3
    reached an icy rocky mass of land. They sailed around it until they reached the western side. Here, they found some green areas, so they named the island Greenland.

    对比矛盾类 icy rocky... found some green areas, so they named but although however yet while despite

    这里的 implication 是 Greenland 这个 name 具有 ironic quality—虽然岛屿 predominantly icy and rocky,但 Vikings chose to name it after 仅存的 some green areas。Subtext 可能是:Eric the Red deliberately used a misleading name 来 attract future settlers,或者 Vikings optimistically focused on 最 habitable part。这个 implied meaning 对 narrative theme 的 significance 在于:它 reveals Vikings 不仅是 explorers,也是 strategic namers,可能用 naming 作为 promotional tool。同时也 suggests early geographical naming 常基于 partial observations rather than comprehensive surveys。

  • 传闻驱动探索的可信度确认

    P4
    Leif Ericson, had heard rumors about land west of Greenland. He sailed west and soon found it.

    验证类叙述 had heard rumors... soon found it had heard rumors heard stories was told of learned of soon found quickly discovered

    这里的 subtext 是:Leif Ericson's discovery 并非 completely original exploration into unknown,而是基于 pre-existing knowledge—有人已经知道 west of Greenland 有 land 并传播了 rumors。Soon found it 的 ease 暗示这些 rumors 相当 accurate,可能来自 earlier but undocumented voyagers 或 indigenous peoples。这个 implication 对 main theme 的 contribution 是:它 subtly acknowledges Vikings 可能不是 first to know of 这些 lands,只是 first Europeans to document。这 adds nuance 到 most important discovery 的 claim,暗示 discovery 的 definition 可能是 Eurocentric,因为 indigenous peoples 早已在此 inhabit。

  • 时间对比凸显历史评价偏差

    P4
    Leif Ericson and his men were the first Europeans to walk on the shores of North America, almost 500 years earlier than Columbus.

    时间对比类 almost 500 years earlier than Columbus years earlier than before preceded long before well ahead of centuries prior to

    这句的 powerful implication 是:Columbus 被 widely credited as discoverer of America 是 historical misconception。通过 explicit comparison almost 500 years earlier,作者 challenges dominant historical narrative,暗示 Viking achievements 被 underrecognized while Columbus receives disproportionate credit。Subtext 是对 historical record 的 Eurocentric bias 和 selective memory 的 critique—为什么 Columbus 成为 household name 而 Leif Ericson 相对 obscure? 这个 implication 是整篇 narrative 的 climax,将 Vikings' achievements 从 interesting historical facts 提升到 correcting historical injustice 的 level,强化了文章 theme:重新 evaluate 和 acknowledge overlooked explorers 的 contributions。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( quiet admiration)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开篇设问定基调 P1

    记叙文中作者常用setting the scene的方式引出主题,rhetorical question本身不带明显评价色彩,但它暗示作者想引发读者的curiosity,这是判断全文语气基调是否friendly且informative的第一个signal。

  2. 圈出最高级修饰词 P2 P3 P4

    记叙文里叙事本身通常客观,但作者常常通过程度副词和最高级形容词(superlatives)暗示自己对某个event的重视程度,这正是挖掘隐藏态度的关键突破口。

  3. 结尾对比见真意 P4

    记叙文的结尾往往是作者态度最集中体现的地方,通过与广为人知的historical figure(如Columbus)做对比,作者暗示了对Vikings探险精神的赞赏与认可。

  4. 三段定位综合法 P1 P2 P3 P4

    记叙文虽然以叙事为主,但作者通过tone、word choice和structure的精心安排,已经在字里行间透露出对主角achievement的positive attitude,而非完全冷眼旁观的客观陈述。

文中的态度信号词

  • most important discovery P4

    这个superlative phrase直接表明作者认为Leif Ericson的discovery在三次探险中地位最高,是作者对event进行ranking的明显evidence,体现了作者的admiration。

    同类词 most important major significant greatest remarkable

  • almost 500 years earlier than Columbus P4

    这句话通过与广为人知的Columbus做historical comparison,凸显了Vikings探险的pioneering地位,是作者借助对比手法表达赞赏的典型signal。

    同类词 earlier than ahead of before prior to outdid

  • first Europeans to walk on P4

    "first"这个词强调了Vikings在历史上的开创性地位,作者用这种pioneering身份来传递对其achievement的敬意与肯定。

    同类词 first to pioneer earliest the first ever trailblazer

  • Have you ever heard of P1

    这个rhetorical question作为文章的开场方式,拉近了作者与读者的距离,营造出一种带有enthusiasm的科普叙述氛围,为后续的正面评价打下基调。

    同类词 Did you know Have you ever wondered Imagine Guess what

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇记叙文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇记叙文?

  1. 开篇识人物主体 P1

    记叙文需要 concrete subjects 来承载 narrative events。这篇文章开篇就点明 Vikings 这个 specific group,后续所有 events 都围绕他们展开。议论文会先提出 thesis statement,说明文会定义 topic,新闻报道会用 lead paragraph 概括 five Ws。

  2. 时间线索串联 P1 P2 P3 P4

    时间顺序是记叙文的 structural backbone。议论文用 logical connectors 如 'however'、'therefore',说明文用 categorical organization,新闻报道用 inverted pyramid 把最重要信息放前面。只有记叙文严格按 timeline 推进 plot。

  3. 动作事件描述 P2 P3 P4

    记叙文通过 action verbs 和 event descriptions 推进 story。议论文会有 'argue'、'believe'、'suggest' 等 opinion verbs,说明文会用 'is'、'consists of'、'functions as' 等 definitional language,新闻报道会用 'according to'、'officials said' 等 attribution phrases。

  4. 段落事件推进 P2 P3 P4

    记叙文的 paragraph division 反映 plot development。议论文按 logical points 分段,说明文按 categories 或 aspects 分段,新闻报道按 importance hierarchy 分段。这篇文章明显是 'first discovery → second discovery → third discovery' 的 sequential episodes。

  5. 四维特征综合判断 P1 P2 P3 P4

    这个 four-step framework 形成 mutually reinforcing evidence chain。单一 criterion 可能误判,但四个 features 同时出现时,文体判断的 accuracy 极高。这篇文章完整展现 protagonist (Vikings) + chronology (specific dates) + actions (discoveries and voyages) + episodic structure (three discoveries),是典型的 historical narrative。

哪些词暴露了记叙文体裁?

  • More than a thousand years ago P1 时间线索连接词 more than a thousand years ago in the ninth century in 982 in 1001 when the weather cleared
  • was on his way P2 人物动作与心理描写词 made sailed reached found named
  • when his ship was caught in a storm P2 事件发展过程词 the storm blew the ship when the weather cleared in search of new land they sailed around it until had heard rumors about
  • The Vikings' first major discovery P2 事件发展过程词 the Vikings' first major discovery their most important discovery the first one their second landing the third landing
  • had heard rumors about P4 人物动作与心理描写词 had heard rumors in search of found himself they found some green areas
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

4 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 的常见问题

2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的主旨是什么?
2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章记叙文讲述了一千多年前维京探险家做出的三个重大地理发现:九世纪纳多德意外发现冰岛,982年红色埃里克远征格陵兰岛,以及1001年莱夫·埃里克森登陆北美洲这一里程碑事件,比哥伦布早了近500年。(英文表述:This narrative recounts three major geographical discoveries made by Viking explorers over a thousand years ago: Naddod's accidental discovery of Iceland in the ninth century, Eric the Red's expedition to Greenland in 982, and Leif Ericson's landmark arrival in North America in 1001, nearly 500 years before Columbus.)
2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为记叙文,作者立场是积极支持(quiet admiration)。CEFR 难度 B1,全文 245 词、4 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,B1 级共 113 篇(占 22%)。
2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 4 段按记叙文骨架分为 4 个意群:第1段——引入Vikings及其地理发现背景;第2段——第一个发现:Iceland的意外发现;第3段——第二个发现:Greenland的探索命名;第4段——第三个发现:北美大陆的历史性抵达。
2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(quiet admiration)。判断路径:开篇设问定基调 → 圈出最高级修饰词 → 结尾对比见真意 → 三段定位综合法;文中的态度信号词包括 most important discovery(第4段)、almost 500 years earlier than Columbus(第4段)、first Europeans to walk on(第4段)、Have you ever heard of(第1段)。
2017年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section C (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:rumor(传闻,谣言)、mass(一大片,一大块)、shore(海岸,岸边)、clear((天气)放晴,转晴),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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