2020年7月英语四级真题第1套 Part III Section C (1)

作者在第一段中通过列举 buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop 这样的 minor retail encounters，以及提到 Victoria Beckham on Dover Street 这种 cutting-edge retail store 里用 iPad 支付的场景，形成了从日常小额消费到高端购物的 spectrum。这些 concrete examples 让读者能够 visualize 钱包消失的现实，supporting 文章关于 physical wallet 正在被 digital payment 取代的 central argument。通过 tangible scenarios，作者让抽象的 technological shift 变得 relatable and immediate。

信号词 like for instance for example such as consider take imagine

仿写： 在写 argumentative essay 时，要学会从 everyday life 中挑选 representative examples。首先 identify 你要论证的 abstract point，然后问自己：what specific situations can readers picture? 选择的 examples 最好能覆盖 different scales or contexts，形成 progression。比如论证 social media addiction，可以从 checking phone at breakfast（个人层面）写到 entire families staring at screens during dinner（家庭层面），再到 pedestrians walking into traffic（社会层面）。模版：To illustrate this [abstract point], consider [specific example 1]. Even more telling is [specific example 2], where [detailed description].

第二段中作者连续使用三个 rhetorical questions：'Isn't it a bit weird...?', 'Doesn't a wallet... represent something that matters?'，以及隐含的 'Maybe I'm just old-fashioned'。这些 questions 不是 seeking answers，而是 guiding readers 去 reflect on 他们自己对 instant digital payment 的 unexamined acceptance。通过 rhetorical questioning，作者让读者 pause and reconsider，making them complicit in 对 wallet 消失的 unease。这 reinforces 文章主旨中关于 loss of tangible objects 带来的 emotional significance 的担忧。Question form 创造了 dialogic space，让 argument 显得不那么 preachy。

信号词 Isn't Doesn't Don't Shouldn't Wouldn't Can't we Why should How can

仿写： 使用反问时要 strategic。首先 identify 你想让读者 agree with 的 implicit answer（通常是 yes 或 no）。然后构造 question，使得 obvious answer 支持你的 thesis。技巧是在 question 中嵌入 loaded terms，比如用 'a bit weird' 而非 'unusual'，用 'half a blink' 来 emphasize speed。可以用 series of questions 来 build momentum。注意 rhetorical questions 最适合用在 emotional appeal 和 values-based arguments。模版：Isn't it [value-laden adjective] that [situation]? Don't we lose [something meaningful] when [change happens]? 或：Should we really [action] without considering [consequence]?

第三段的 structural core 是 wallet 与 smartphone/iPad 之间的 stark contrast。作者通过 sensory details 构建这个 opposition：wallet 的 'fastenings and materials wear and tear'、'plastic and paper and gold and silver' 对比 smartphone 的 'rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble'。Physical interaction 也形成对比：'digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners' versus 'move our fingers left and right'。这个 juxtaposition 不仅是 functional difference，更是 philosophical one：tangible, aging, knowable objects versus smooth, unchanging, mysterious devices。这 powerfully reinforces 主旨中关于 loss of physical character and emotional significance 的 concern。Contrast 让读者 viscerally feel 这种 transition。

信号词 opposite versus while whereas in contrast on the other hand however but instead of rather than

仿写： 构建 effective contrast 要选择 parallel structures 和 matched categories。首先 decide 你要 compare 的 two entities，然后 list their attributes across same dimensions（appearance, function, emotional impact）。用 explicit contrast markers 如 'the opposite of' 来 signal the structure。增强效果的技巧是用 sensory language 让 both sides vivid，然后让 values 或 emotions implicit in the description 引导 reader's preference。可以用 series of contrasts 来 build up cumulative effect。模版：Everything about [Object A]—the [sensory detail 1], the [sensory detail 2], and [abstract quality]—is the very opposite of [Object B]. The opposite of [Object A] is [Object B]: [contrasting sensory details].

作者将 smartphone 比作 'smooth and unknowable as a pebble'，这个 simile 非常 evocative。Pebble 是被 nature smoothed 的石头，没有 distinctive features，看似 simple 但 origins and composition 是 mysterious 的。这个 comparison 捕捉了 digital devices 的 paradox：它们 physically simple and uniform，但 internal workings 对普通用户来说是 impenetrable black box。相比之下，wallet 的 contents 是 transparent and readable（handwritten phone numbers, printed tickets）。这个 figurative language 强化了主旨中 'unknowable' 与 tangible, personal 之间的 fundamental opposition，making the abstract concern about 数字化 concrete through natural imagery。

信号词 as like similar to resembles reminiscent of akin to as if as though

仿写： 创造 effective simile 要 find unexpected but apt connections。问自己：我想描述的 object or concept 在 what fundamental way 像某个 more familiar thing? 最好的 comparisons 是那些 illuminate multiple aspects 的。比如 'pebble' 同时传达 smoothness, opacity, naturalness, and lack of distinctiveness。Avoid clichés（'hard as rock'）。在 argumentative context 中，choose comparisons that 隐含 support your thesis。如果 arguing against 某事，compare it to something 带有 negative connotations。练习从 different domains（nature, everyday objects, human experiences）中寻找 analogies。模版：[Object/concept] is as [quality] as [familiar thing], suggesting [implicit meaning]. 或：Like [familiar thing], [object] appears [quality] but is actually [deeper characteristic].

第三段中作者使用 'the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets' 构成 catalog or list，这是 parallelism 的一种形式。通过 accumulating concrete items，作者 creates a sense of richness, variety, and tactile abundance associated with wallets。这个 enumeration 不是 random：它移动 from materials（plastic, paper）到 precious metals（gold, silver），再到 personal artifacts（handwritten notes, tickets），building from physical to sentimental。这种 cumulative effect 强化了主旨中 wallet 作为 personal object with character 的 significance。Rhythmic repetition of 'and' 给这个 list 一种 elegiac quality，像在 cataloging 即将 lost 的 treasures。

信号词 and or both...and not only...but also neither...nor either...or

仿写： 构建 effective parallel structures 要保持 grammatical consistency：如果开始用 nouns，continue with nouns；如果用 phrases，keep using phrases of similar length。策略是 start with 你想 emphasize 的 category，然后 brainstorm items within that category。可以按 logical order 排列（从 concrete 到 abstract，从 small 到 large，从 mundane 到 significant）来 create progression。在 argumentative writing 中，parallelism 特别适合 listing evidence, examples, or consequences。控制 length：3-5 items 通常 most effective。Too few 缺乏 impact，too many 让 reader overwhelmed。模版：[Item 1] and [item 2] and [item 3], and [item 4]—这种 polysyndeton（多个 'and'）强化 accumulation。或：The [noun], the [noun], and the [noun] all [verb phrase].