2016年6月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)

But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.

负面评价类 underrated underestimated overlooked undervalued dismissed downplayed trivialized

主持人 M 使用 'underrated' 这个词 actually implies 口译 profession 比 public perception 更加 demanding 和 professional。言外之意是：尽管 many people 认为 bilingual speakers 都能做 interpreting，但 reality 是这个 profession requires much more than language proficiency。这为后续 Dana 强调 professional qualifications 和 training 做了 铺垫 preparation，同时也 establishes 整个 interview 的 tone：正视 interpreting 的 professional complexity。这对 article theme 的 value 在于 set up 一个 misconception-correction framework，让 subsequent discussion 显得更有 necessity 和 educational significance。

There aren't any interpreters I know who don't have professional qualifications and training.

双重否定类 aren't any ... who don't no one ... without not ... without never ... unless nobody ... who doesn't nothing ... that isn't

Dana 的 double negation 'aren't any ... who don't' actually delivers 一个 absolute claim：所有的 professional interpreters 都必须 possess qualifications and training，without exception。言外之意是在 directly refute 主持人提到的 misconception——即 bilingual ability 就足够。这个 emphatic denial 强调了 interpreting 作为一个 profession 的 rigorous entry barriers。对 article theme 的 contribution 是 establish credibility 和 professional standards，为后续 detailed discussion about techniques 和 challenges 提供了 legitimacy foundation。这个 statement serves as authoritative correction，helping readers understand interpreting isn't casual translation。

And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.

模糊限制语类 a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other a lot of ... will say many ... would argue some ... tend to often generally typically

Dana 使用 'a lot of interpreters will say' 这个 hedging expression，言外之意是 there's no consensus among professionals 关于哪种 interpreting method 更 difficult。这个 cautious wording actually prepares listeners for Dana 即将 present 她自己可能 different from common perception 的 viewpoint。这对 dialogue 的 function 是 create suspense 并 signal 即将有 surprising information，因为 M 在下一段 assume simultaneous interpreting 更难，而 Dana 随后会 reveal 相反的 professional consensus。这种 hedge 使后续的 revelation 更具 educational impact，因为它 acknowledges professional diversity while setting up correction。

Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.

主观感知类 sounds to me like seems to me appears that I would think I imagine my impression is it looks like

M 说 'sounds to me like the more difficult' 这个 phrase，言外之意不仅是 express 他的 personal assumption，更重要的是 it's an invitation for Dana to correct 或 confirm。作为 interviewer，M deliberately presents 一个 common layperson's perception 来 elicit expert explanation。这个 subjective framing 'sounds to me' makes it easier for Dana to disagree without seeming confrontational。对 article structure 的 value 是 create 一个 pedagogical moment：通过 presenting 和 correcting common misconception，interview 能够 deliver surprising insight——即 consecutive interpreting actually 更 stressful。这种 setup-correction pattern 是 effective educational technique in interviews。

Well, actually no. Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful.

转折类 Well, actually no actually no in fact actually however but on the contrary

Dana 的 'Well, actually no' 是整个 interview 的 turning point，言外之意是 professional reality 与 intuitive assumption 完全 opposite。'Most people in the business would agree' 这个 follow-up 强化了这不是 personal opinion 而是 professional consensus。这个 revelation 对 article theme 至关重要，因为它 challenges reader's intuition 并 demonstrates interpreting profession 的 counter-intuitive complexity。这种 surprise element makes the educational content more memorable 并 emphasizes 为什么 professional training 如此 necessary——因为 even seemingly obvious judgments about difficulty 都 require insider knowledge to understand correctly。

You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.

因果关系类 have to wait have to which puts resulting in leading to causes forces

Dana 通过 'have to wait ... which puts your short-term memory under intense stress' 这个 causal chain，言外之意是 consecutive interpreting 的 difficulty 并非来自 simultaneous processing，而是来自 memory retention demand。'Quite a chunk of language' 和 'intense stress' 这些 intensifiers 强调了 cognitive load 的 severity。这个 explanation 对 article theme 的 contribution 是 provide technical insight into professional challenges，showing interpreting difficulty isn't about language skill alone but about cognitive capacity management。这 deepens reader's understanding of why professional training matters——interpreters 需要 develop specialized memory strategies，而不只是 language proficiency。

You make notes, I presume?

推断验证类 I presume I assume I suppose I gather I take it presumably I imagine

M 说 'You make notes, I presume?' 言外之意是他 logically deduced 面对 memory challenge，note-taking must be essential coping mechanism。这个 brief question 虽然简短，但 demonstrates interviewer's comprehension 和 ability to anticipate professional practice。对 dialogue structure 的 value 是它 prompts Dana 进入 practical details about note-taking techniques，从而 transition from explaining problem 到 explaining solution。这种 inference-based question makes interview feel more conversational 而非 scripted，同时 naturally guides discussion 向 deeper technical territory——即 what interpreters actually do to manage those challenges。

Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word.

对比类 but the rest is never translated word for word but the rest while whereas on the other hand in contrast however the rest

Dana 说 'Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word'，言外之意是 interpreters 必须 practice selective attention 和 strategic simplification。'Never word for word' 这个 absolute statement 强调 literal translation 根本不可行。这个 contrast 对 article theme 的 significance 在于 reveal interpreting 是 skilled judgment process 而非 mechanical translation。它 explains 为什么 untrained bilinguals 无法胜任——professional interpreters 必须 instantly decide what to note verbatim 和 what to summarize，这 requires judgment 和 experience that goes beyond language ability。这 reinforces 文章开头关于 professional training necessity 的 point。

turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.

假设推理类 would put too much strain ... and slow down would put would cause would result in would lead to could create might generate

Dana 用 'would put too much strain ... and slow down' 这个 hypothetical reasoning，言外之意是 word-for-word translation theoretically possible 但 practically unworkable。两个 'too much' 的 repetition 强调这种 approach 的 multiple fatal flaws。这个 explanation 对 article theme 的 contribution 是 illustrate trade-offs 和 constraints that define professional practice。它 shows interpreting isn't about perfect accuracy but about optimal balance between accuracy, speed, and cognitive load。这 deepens understanding of why profession requires training——professionals must learn when to sacrifice literal accuracy for functional communication，这种 judgment 是 untrained speakers 难以把握的 sophisticated skill。

Well, hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance.

情态词类 hopefully ideally preferably optimally in an ideal world with any luck if possible

Dana 说 'hopefully, the speakers will let you have an outline' 时，言外之意是 advance preparation 是 ideal but not guaranteed。'Hopefully' 这个 word choice reveals interpreters 经常 face inadequate preparation time 的 reality。这对 article theme 的 significance 是 it exposes another layer of professional challenge：beyond cognitive demands，interpreters must also cope with unpredictable working conditions 和 dependency on others' cooperation。这 reinforces article 的 overall message about profession's difficulty——even with training and experience，interpreters must be able to perform under less-than-ideal circumstances，这 further explains 为什么 casual bilinguals cannot simply 'do the job'。