2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？

体裁为对话。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 323 词、6 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 233 篇（占 39%）。

2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？

全文 6 段按对话骨架分为 6 个意群：第1段——男士开场提问营业状况；第2段——女士详述优异业绩数据；第3段——男士追问收入性质；第4段——女士说明成本控制情况；第5段——男士询问与邻店关系；第6段——女士详述保密策略及邻里关系。

2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？

按文中出现顺序共 3 个：gross（总的;未扣除的;毛的(指收入、利润等)）、publicize（宣传;公开;宣扬）、midst（中间;当中;中部），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)

CET-6 · 来自 2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 · Part II Section A (2) · 听力

2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)

对话 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇对话全文 323 词、6 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%）；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 6 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

6 段英文原文

以下为2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 的听力原文，由懒笔记按试卷原文逐段核对收录，共 6 段。左侧 P1–P6 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

M: You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what "doing well" means in facts and figures?

W: Well, "doing well" means averaging £1,200 or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And "doing well" means your earnings are rising. Last year, we did slightly over 50,000 and this year, we hope to do more than 60,000. So, that's good if we continue to rise.

M: Now, that's gross earnings, I assume. What about your expenses?

W: Yes, that's gross. The expenses, of course, go up steadily. And since we've moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly, because it's a much bigger shop. So I couldn't say exactly what our expenses are. They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year, which is not high. Commercially speaking, it's fairly low, and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.

M: And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?

W: Perhaps a lot of them don't realize how well we are doing, because we don't make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson we learned very early on. We were very friendly with all local shopkeepers and we happened to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we had made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make. But we are on very good terms with all the shops. None of them have ever complained that we are putting them out of business or anything like that. I think it's a nice friendly relationship. Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

6 个意群的对话骨架

按对话的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

P1

男士开场提问营业状况

这是 dialogue 的 opening，男士作为 interviewer 直接切入 topic，用 "doing well" 这个 phrase 来 prompt 女士提供 concrete data 和 figures，establish 了整个 conversation 的 focus on business performance。

作为 dialogue 的 initiating move，这个 question 直接 introduce 了主旨中的 core element："strong financial performance"，通过 asking for specifics 来 set up 后续女士对 earnings 和 business success 的 detailed explanation。
引出财务表现话题
P2

女士详述优异业绩数据

女士作为 respondent 提供 comprehensive answer，用 multiple figures 来 illustrate business success：weekly average 达到 £1,200 over 7 years，cumulative earnings 接近 quarter million，annual growth 从 £50,000 涨到预期的 £60,000，这些 concrete numbers 都 demonstrate rising trend。

这个 response 是主旨的 central pillar，directly present 了 "annual earnings rising from £50,000 to over £60,000" 这个 key information，通过 layered presentation of data 来 substantiate "strong financial performance" 的 claim。
呈现年收入增长数据
P3

男士追问收入性质

男士 follow up 前面的 numbers，用 clarification question 来 distinguish gross earnings 和 net earnings，这个 short turn 虽然 brief 但 functionally important，因为它 prompt 女士 shift focus 从 revenue 到 expenses。

这个 question 作为 transitional device，connect 主旨中的 earnings 和 "maintaining low expenses" 两个 elements，通过 asking about expenses 来 pave the way for 女士 elaborate on cost control。
引出成本话题转换
P4

女士说明成本控制情况

女士 confirm gross earnings 并 address expenses，explain 说 costs 在 six to seven thousand pounds，虽然因为 new shop 而 increase 但 commercially speaking still fairly low，强调 keep expenses low 的 strategy。

这部分 directly support 主旨中的 "maintaining low expenses"，通过 provide specific range 和 comparative assessment 来 demonstrate cost control，complement 前面的 revenue information 以 show overall business health。
阐述低成本运营策略
P5

男士询问与邻店关系

男士 shift topic again，这次从 internal business metrics 转向 external relationships，specifically ask about local shopkeepers' feelings given 女士的 shop 有 much lower prices 且 doing well。

这个 question introduce 了 new dimension，connect 主旨中的 "competitive prices" 和后面要 reveal 的 "keeping profits private to preserve relationships"，serve as bridge between business performance 和 community relations。
引出竞争关系话题
P6

女士详述保密策略及邻里关系

女士 provide extended answer，narrate 了一个 lesson learned：过去 mention earnings 导致 shopkeeper 变得 unhappy and unfriendly，所以现在 make a point of not publicizing profits，maintain good terms with all shops，speculate 如果他们 know the figures 可能就不会 so friendly 了。

这个 extended response 是主旨中 "keeping profits private to preserve friendly relationships" 的 detailed elaboration，通过 narrative example 和 explicit strategy statement 来 explain 这个 deliberate choice 的 rationale 和 importance。
解释保密维护关系原因

MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2016年12月英语六级真题第2套这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

首句定调 P1

对话类文章的 first question 往往像 anchor 一样框定整个 discussion 的范围。Opening question 中出现的 key phrases 会在后续 responses 中被反复 expand 和 support，这是快速抓住 main idea 的 starting point。
数据追踪趋势 P2

在 business-related dialogue 中，数字永远是 credibility 的来源。当 speaker 用 specific figures 来 support 自己的 claim 时，这些数字本身就构成了 main idea 的 substantive part。Rising numbers 更是 directly signal 'strong performance' 这一主旨。
收支对比显示盈利 P3 P4

Business dialogue 的主旨常常隐藏在 financial comparison 中。当 speaker 刻意 contrast two financial aspects（收入高 + 支出低），这本身就在 argue 一个 conclusion：business is profitable and well-managed。对比结构是 argumentative strategy 的一部分。
策略行动支撑成功 P4 P6

主旨不仅是 what（业绩好）也包括 how（如何做到的）。Speaker 描述的 conscious decisions 和 intentional behaviors 展示了 success 的 underlying reasons，这让主旨更 complete 和 multi-dimensional。
分层信息聚合主旨 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

对话类文章的主旨从来不是 single sentence 能概括的，而是 multi-layered message。Fast reading 的关键是在脑中快速 assemble 这些 puzzle pieces：what + how much + how + why，形成一个 coherent narrative。最后一段的 relationship concern 虽然看似 tangential，但实际上 adds dimension 到主旨中（success needs discretion）。

主旨信号词 doing well P1 rising P2 not high P4 keep P4 much lower P5

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

一位店主讨论了她生意的强劲财务表现,透露年收入从5万英镑增长到超过6万英镑,同时保持低开支和有竞争力的价格。她强调对利润保密以维持与邻近店主的友好关系。

A shop owner discusses her business's strong financial performance, revealing annual earnings rising from £50,000 to over £60,000, while maintaining low expenses and competitive prices. She emphasizes keeping profits private to preserve friendly relationships with neighboring shopkeepers.

WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

gross 总的;未扣除的;毛的(指收入、利润等)

让我们把这些clues串联起来。首先,discourse structure 告诉我们 gross earnings 和 expenses 是需要distinguish的两个concepts。其次,numerical analysis 显示年收入和年支出存在约10倍的gap,这暗示 gross 不是final amount。最后,男士seeking confirmation的pragmatic strategy 证实这是个需要clarify的business term。将这三条线索combine,我们可以confidently conclude: gross 在financial context中指的是扣除expenses或deductions之前的总额、原始金额。

专业术语的三维验证法
publicize 宣传;公开;宣扬

现在让我们integrate all the evidence。Morphological analysis给我们一个initial hypothesis: publicize = make public。Causal clue通过negative experience证实:mention financial details给shopkeeper (making it known) 导致relationship damage。Conditional clue进一步reinforce:如果其他shopkeepers knew (if information became public),友好关系就会disappear。三条线索converge到同一个meaning: publicize就是使信息become known to the public or others,即公开、宣扬。

派生词的三步推断策略
midst 中间;当中;中部

让我们synthesize这些linguistic evidence。Syntactic structure (in their midst) 提供了spatial framework: being enclosed or surrounded。Possessive construction (their midst) 界定了这个space belongs to local shopkeepers。Social context进一步specify:这不只是physical proximity,而是within a business community。三条线索converge,揭示 midst 的core meaning: 中间、当中,特别是指被某个group或environment所surround的central position。

固定搭配的三角定位法

RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

重复
P2

女店主在第2段中三次使用 "doing well" 这个 phrase，通过 repetition 强化了 business success 的概念。这种 echoing effect 不仅回应了男士的 question，还通过 redefining "doing well" 用 concrete figures（£1,200 weekly average, quarter million pounds）来 establish credibility。这个 rhetorical strategy 让 financial performance 显得更加 impressive 和 convincing，directly supports 文章主旨中关于 strong financial performance 的核心内容。

信号词 doing well means that's so

仿写： 当你想在 dialogue 中 emphasize 某个 concept 时，可以采用 "X means... and X means... and X means..." 的 pattern。首先 introduce 你要 repeat 的 key term，然后用 different angles 或 specific examples 来 expand its meaning。模版："[核心词] means [具体内容1]. And [核心词] means [具体内容2]. So [总结性陈述]." 比如："Success means consistency. And success means growth. So that's what we're achieving."
省略
P4

在第4段中，女店主说 "They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year"，这里使用了 vague quantification 而非 precise figure。这个 strategic vagueness 是一种 deliberate omission，她 avoids giving exact expense numbers，只提供 approximate range。这个 rhetorical choice 与文章主旨中 keeping profits private 的 strategy 相呼应，shows her cautious approach to financial disclosure，即使在 interview 中也 maintain certain boundaries。

信号词 something in the region of about around roughly approximately I couldn't say exactly more or less

仿写： 当你需要在 dialogue 中 provide information 但又想 maintain some ambiguity 时，使用 "something in the region of" 或 "around" 这类 hedging expressions。建议的 pattern 是：先 acknowledge the question，然后给出 approximate range，最后 pivot to a related point that you're comfortable discussing。模版："I couldn't say exactly [具体内容], but they are something in the region of [大致范围]. [转移到相关但更安全的话题]."
反问
P6

虽然文中没有 traditional rhetorical questions，但在第6段最后，女店主用 "Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly" 这个 hypothetical speculation 实际上 functions like a rhetorical device。这个 implied question ("Would they still be friendly?") 的 answer 是 self-evident ("no")，它 reinforces 文章主旨中 keeping profits private to preserve relationships 的 core strategy。这种 suggestive statement 比 direct assertion 更 subtle 和 persuasive。

信号词 Maybe perhaps Would they Don't you think Wouldn't Isn't it

仿写： 在 dialogue 中创造 rhetorical effect，你可以用 "Maybe if... perhaps..." 的 conditional structure 来 suggest outcomes without stating them directly。这个 approach 让 listener 自己 draw conclusions。模版："Maybe if [假设条件], perhaps [暗示性结果]." 或者直接用 question form："Would [某人] still [某行为] if [条件]?" 这种 indirect approach often 比 direct statement 更 thought-provoking。
重复
P6

在第6段中，女店主 repeatedly uses "we make a point of" 和 "publicizing" 相关的 expressions，包括 "we don't make a point of publicizing"、"never publicizing the amount of money we make"。这种 insistent repetition 强调了她的 deliberate policy of discretion。通过 echoing this concept，她 reinforces 文章主旨中的 central theme：maintaining secrecy about profits 是 preserving business relationships 的 key strategy。这个 rhetorical pattern 让她的 business philosophy 显得 well-considered 和 consistent。

信号词 make a point of never always we learned that was a lesson

仿写： 要在 dialogue 中 convey a firm principle，使用 "we make a point of [doing/not doing X]" 的 structure，然后在 later part of your response 中 restate this policy 用 slightly different wording。Pattern: "We [行动1]. That was a lesson we learned. So we make a point of [行动2，与行动1呼应]." 这种 variation on the same theme 能 reinforce your position without sounding repetitive。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

8 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

用婉转的问句引导对方量化成功
P1

Could you give me some idea of what "doing well" means in facts and figures?

委婉表达 Could you give me some idea Would you mind telling me I was wondering if It would be helpful if Perhaps you could I'd appreciate it if Do you happen to know

男士用 "Could you give me some idea" 这种 tentative phrasing 来 request 财务细节,言外之意是他知道 financial figures 是 sensitive topic,所以用 polite indirectness 来 soften the request。这为整个 dialogue 定下了 tone——这是一个 respectful interview about business success,而非 confrontational interrogation。对文章主旨的作用是 establish the conversational framework:通过 interviewer 的 cautious approach,我们理解到后续女士关于 profit privacy 的 concern 是有 contextual legitimacy 的,这让她最后强调 "never publicizing" 显得更 reasonable and strategic。
用条件句暗示持续增长的不确定性
P2

So, that's good if we continue to rise.

条件句/模糊限制语 if we continue to rise if we continue provided that as long as assuming that if things go well if the trend holds

女士说 "that's good if we continue to rise" 这个 conditional statement 的言外之意是,尽管 numbers look positive,她对 future 保持 realistic caution,不敢 assume 增长是 automatic。这反映了 experienced business owner 的 mindset——success 需要 sustained effort 而非 taking for granted。对文章主旨的贡献是展现她的 business wisdom:在谈论 impressive figures 时保持 grounded perspective,这种 balanced attitude 与后面她对 expense control 和 relationship management 的 careful approach 形成 coherent character portrait,说明她的 success 来自 prudent management 而非 reckless optimism。
用假设语气质疑收入的真实性
P3

Now, that's gross earnings, I assume.

模糊限制语/假设表达 I assume I suppose I presume I take it that I gather that presumably I imagine

男士用 "I assume" 来 introduce gross vs. net earnings 的 distinction,言外之意是他在 gently challenge 之前提到的 impressive figures,暗示那些 numbers 可能 misleading without context of expenses。这个 tactful probe 推动 conversation deeper,要求 more complete financial picture。对文章主旨的作用是 trigger 女士对 expense management 的 explanation,揭示她 business success 的另一个 dimension——不仅 revenue 增长,还有 cost control。这个 probing question 使 dialogue 从 surface-level success metrics 深入到 operational details,丰富了对她 business acumen 的理解,也为后续 pricing strategy discussion 铺垫。
用模糊数字避免透露确切财务
P4

They are something in the region of six or seven thousand pounds a year

模糊限制语 something in the region of around approximately roughly about in the vicinity of somewhere around

女士用 "something in the region of" 和 "couldn't say exactly" 的言外之意是她不愿 disclose precise expense figures,可能因为这会让人 calculate exact profit margin。尽管她 openly share revenue,但对 net profit 保持 strategic ambiguity。这体现了她的 business savvy——分享 enough information to answer question 但保护 commercially sensitive details。对文章主旨的关键作用是 foreshadow 她后面关于 "never publicizing" 利润的 explanation。这里的 vagueness 是她 general strategy 的 early manifestation:在 maintaining friendly appearance (answering questions) 的同时 protect competitive advantage。这种 calculated disclosure strategy 是她 successfully navigate business relationships 的核心,直接 support 主旨中的 "keeping profits private" theme。
用对比强化费用控制的策略性
P4

which is not high. Commercially speaking, it's fairly low, and we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.

对比类/否定表达 which is not high not high not bad not expensive not difficult not uncommon not insignificant

女士从 "not high" 到 "fairly low" 再到 "as low as we can" 的 progression,言外之意是她在 strategic cost management 上的 deliberate effort 和 pride,但用 understated manner 表达以避免 appearing boastful。这 subtle self-promotion 展示她的 business competence——low overhead 是 competitive advantage,但过度 advertising 这点可能 alienate competitors。对文章主旨的作用是建立她 business success 的 operational foundation:不仅 revenue 增长,还有 expense discipline。这种 cost consciousness 解释了她 ability to offer lower prices (接下来提到),同时这里的 modest tone 与后面 "not publicizing profits" 的 strategy 一致——她的 general approach 是 demonstrate competence through results 而非 verbal boasting,这种 low-key strategy enables good relationship with neighbors,directly supporting 主旨的 "preserve friendly relationships" theme。
用反问暗示邻里关系的潜在紧张
P5

How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?

设问/探询性问句 How do the local shopkeepers feel How do they feel about What do people think of How are others reacting to What's the response been Do they mind that Are people concerned about

男士问 "How do local shopkeepers feel" 的言外之意是他 suspects 可能有 competitive tension or resentment,这个 question 暗示她的 success 和 low prices 可能 threaten neighboring businesses。这不是 neutral curiosity,而是 probing potential conflict。对文章主旨至关重要,因为这个 question 直接 trigger 她关于 learned lesson (不公开利润) 和 relationship management strategy 的 detailed explanation。这个 loaded question 使她 reveal 她 business philosophy 的核心——success 需要与 community harmony 平衡。她的 lengthy response to this question 构成文章的 climax,揭示她的 strategic discretion about profits 是有 painful experience 支撑的,这 directly delivers 主旨的 "keeping profits private to preserve relationships" message。
用双重否定强化保密策略
P6

we don't make a point of publicizing

否定表达/委婉强调 don't make a point of never make a habit of avoid mentioning refrain from make sure not to careful not to deliberately avoid

女士说 "don't make a point of publicizing" 配合 "lesson we learned very early on" 的言外之意是,她现在的 discretion 是通过 painful experience 获得的 strategic wisdom,不是 natural inclination。这强调了 conscious discipline——她需要 actively resist impulse to share good news。The specific story about losing a friend's friendship adds emotional weight,showing real stakes involved。对文章主旨的核心作用是 provide the "why" behind headline message:她不是 secretive by nature,而是 learned through consequences that profit disclosure damages relationships。这个 learned lesson 成为她 relationship management strategy 的 foundation,解释了为什么 despite impressive success,她 maintain good terms with neighbors。这将主旨从 simple observation ("keeps profits private") 深化为 nuanced understanding of strategic discretion as learned business wisdom with concrete relational costs and benefits。
用虚拟语气暗示脆弱的友好关系
P6

Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly.

虚拟条件句/假设性表达 Maybe if they did know if they did know if they knew if they were to find out if they realized if they understood if it were known

女士用 "Maybe if they did know...perhaps they wouldn't be so friendly" 这个 heavily hedged hypothetical 的言外之意是,她其实 quite certain 知道真相会破坏关系,但用 tentative language to avoid sounding cynical or paranoid。这个 closing warning 揭示她 relationship management 的 underlying anxiety——success 的 peace depends on 信息控制,这种 precarious balance 需要 constant vigilance。对文章主旨的决定性作用是将 "keeping profits private" 从 simple prudence 升级为 existential necessity。这个 final hypothetical 给整个 narrative 加上 dark undertone:她的 friendly relationships 是 based on strategic ignorance 而非 genuine mutual goodwill,她的 success coexists with community 是因为 carefully maintained information barrier。这深化了主旨,展示 business success 与 community harmony 的 tension,以及她用 discretion 来 navigate this fundamental conflict 的 complex reality。这让主旨从 descriptive (她 keeps secrets) 变成 analytical (revealing why success requires secrecy in competitive context)。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 的常见问题

2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的主旨是什么？: 一位店主讨论了她生意的强劲财务表现,透露年收入从5万英镑增长到超过6万英镑,同时保持低开支和有竞争力的价格。她强调对利润保密以维持与邻近店主的友好关系。（英文表述：A shop owner discusses her business's strong financial performance, revealing annual earnings rising from £50,000 to over £60,000, while maintaining low expenses and competitive prices. She emphasizes keeping profits private to preserve friendly relationships with neighboring shopkeepers.）
2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？: 体裁为对话。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 323 词、6 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 233 篇（占 39%）。
2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？: 全文 6 段按对话骨架分为 6 个意群：第1段——男士开场提问营业状况；第2段——女士详述优异业绩数据；第3段——男士追问收入性质；第4段——女士说明成本控制情况；第5段——男士询问与邻店关系；第6段——女士详述保密策略及邻里关系。
2016年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？: 按文中出现顺序共 3 个：gross（总的;未扣除的;毛的(指收入、利润等)）、publicize（宣传;公开;宣扬）、midst（中间;当中;中部），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。