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2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1)
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2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1)

对话 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇对话全文 321 词、10 段，CEFR 难度 B1（B1 级在英语六级文章中占 3%）；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 6 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

10 段英文原文

以下为2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 的听力原文，由懒笔记按试卷原文逐段核对收录，共 10 段。左侧 P1–P10 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

W: Hi, David. I haven't seen you in class for almost two weeks. We thought you had disappeared on holiday early or something.

M: Hi, Sarah. Well, it's a bit of a long story I'm afraid. I got a throat infection last week and had to go to the hospital to get some antibiotics as I really wasn't getting any better.

W: Oh yeah. There have been so many viruses going around this winter. The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks.

M: And, on the way back from the hospital, I slipped on some ice and fell and then had to go to the hospital to get an X-ray because I basically thought I broke my wrist, although, thankfully, it's not broken. But I need to be careful with it for the next few weeks.

W: Oh, that's too bad! How unfortunate!

M: To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So I was utterly humiliated. Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken too.

W: No, what a complete catastrophe! Is the laptop still under warranty? If it is, then you can easily send it back to the manufacturer, and they'll send you a brand-new one for free surely.

M: The warranty ran out three days before I broke it. And all my essays are in there, and I need to hand them in before we break for the Christmas holidays.

W: Listen, I have the number of a really good, affordable computer repair shop at home. My dad has used this guy before and he can work miracles. Let's go back to my house and we can call the repair shop, and you can have some tea and cookies too.

M: Wow, thanks, Sarah! That would be great! Let me just call my mom and let her know I'll be home a little bit later.

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

6 个意群的对话骨架

按对话 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    开场问候与缺席原因引入

    Sarah 注意到 David 的 absence 后主动 greet 并表达 concern,这是 conversation opening 的典型方式,通过 questioning 来引出对方缺席的 reason,为后续的 explanation 做铺垫

    这个 opening move 建立了 conversational context,Sarah 的 inquiry 为 David 提供了 opportunity 来 explain 他的 misfortunes,是整个 narrative 的 trigger point

    引出不幸遭遇的叙述
  2. P2 P3

    第一重不幸详述

    David 回应 Sarah 的 question,开始 narrate 他的第一个 misfortune——throat infection 需要 hospital treatment。他用 'a bit of a long story' 来 preview 即将展开的 narrative,这是 trouble-telling 的 typical opening

    这个 segment 启动了 trouble-telling sequence,establish 了 David 作为 protagonist experiencing difficulties 的 narrative role,为后续 multiple misfortunes 的 revelation 奠定基础

    首个不幸的陈述
  3. P4 P5

    第二重不幸与后果

    David 继续 narrative,描述在 hospital 回来的路上 slip on ice 导致 wrist injury,需要 X-ray 检查。虽然 thankfully 没有 broken,但仍需 careful treatment。这个 incident 在 causal chain 上与第一个 misfortune 相连

    这个 segment 通过添加 physical injury 来 expand troubles 的 dimension,demonstrate 了 David 的 misfortunes 不是 isolated incident 而是 cascading events,intensifying 整体 narrative 的 dramatic effect

    身体伤害的发生
  4. P6

    不幸升级与情感反应

    David 用 'To make things worse' 来 escalate narrative,adding 更多 dimensions——在 ninth grade girls 面前 fall 的 public embarrassment,以及 laptop damage。这 expands misfortune 从 physical 到 social 和 material domains

    这个 segment 通过 intensifying troubles 来 heighten narrative drama。Adding social embarrassment 和 property damage creates multi-layered misfortune,使 David 的 situation 更加 sympathetic 并 justify Sarah 的 subsequent help offer

    不幸程度的加深
  5. P7 P8

    问题深化与解决方案受阻

    Sarah 用 'catastrophe' 来 maximize sympathy,然后 shift 到 problem-solving mode 提出 warranty solution。但 David reveal warranty 刚过期且有 urgent deadline,这 additional complication blocks Sarah 的 proposed solution

    这个 segment 加深 problem complexity,establish urgency。Sarah 的 attempted solution 被 blocked,这 creates tension and necessity for 更 effective intervention,setting up 她的 final helpful action

    解决受阻的困境
  6. P9 P10

    问题解决与对话收尾

    Sarah 提供 alternative solution——repair shop contact,并用 invitation 来 facilitate immediate action。David 表达 gratitude 并 coordinate logistics。这个 closing sequence 包含 offer-acceptance, appreciation, 和 pre-closing elements

    这个 final segment 完成 conversation 的 primary goal——responding to David's troubles with effective help。Sarah 的 solution practical 且 immediate,她的 invitation 体现 interpersonal care,使 conversation 达到 satisfactory closure

    提供具体帮助
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 开场疑问定场景 P1

    对话的 opening line 往往 establishes the situational context，W 提到的 two-week absence 是整个 conversation 的 trigger point，这个 absence 需要 explanation，所以后续内容必然围绕 why he was absent 展开

  2. 层层累加显不幸 P2 P4 P6

    M 的回答不是 single event explanation 而是 sequential revelation of problems（throat infection → fall and wrist injury → humiliation → laptop broken），这种 escalating structure 说明主旨不是单一事件而是 a series of misfortunes，每个 paragraph 都在 adding new layers of bad luck

  3. 同情转行动成帮助 P3 P5 P7 P9

    W 的 responses 经历了 empathy stage（'Oh yeah', 'Oh, that's too bad!'）到 solution stage（'Is the laptop still under warranty?', 'I have the number of a really good... repair shop'）的转变，这个 functional shift 说明 dialogue 不仅是 sharing misfortunes 还包括 receiving help，因此主旨必须包含 assistance component

  4. 三段结构锁全貌 P1 P2 P4 P6 P7 P9 P10

    整个 dialogue 遵循经典的 problem-solution structure：situational trigger (absence inquiry) → problem elaboration (multiple misfortunes) → resolution attempt (help offered)。主旨必须 capture 这三个 functional components，单纯说 'David had bad luck' 遗漏了 Sarah's assistance，单纯说 'Sarah helped David' 遗漏了 what problems needed solving

主旨信号词 haven't seen P1 To make things worse P6 unfortunate P5 I have the number of P9 Let's go P9

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

Sarah遇到缺课两周的David,得知他遭遇了一连串不幸:喉咙感染、在冰上摔倒导致手腕受伤、当众出丑,以及装有重要论文的笔记本电脑损坏。Sarah提供电脑维修店联系方式帮助他。
Sarah encounters David after his two-week absence and learns he suffered multiple misfortunes: a throat infection, a fall on ice injuring his wrist, public embarrassment, and a broken laptop with important essays. Sarah offers help by providing a computer repair shop contact.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • antibiotics 抗生素(对抗细菌感染的药物)

    让我们把这些 clues 串起来。首先,causal chain 告诉我们这是 treat infection 的东西;然后,morphological analysis 显示 anti- prefix 表示对抗;最后,hospital setting 确认这是 medical drug。把这三条 evidence 综合起来,我们可以非常 confidently 推断出:这是一种用来 fight infections 的 medicine,specifically 是对抗 bacterial infections 的药物。

    医学术语的三角定位法
  • utterly 完全地;彻底地(表示程度极深)

    三条 clues 都指向同一个 direction。Emotional context 告诉我们需要一个 strong word;syntactic analysis 确认它是 intensifying adverb;discourse structure 显示它是 emotional peak。所有 evidence 都表明:utterly 是一个 express extreme degree 的 adverb,意思是 completely 或 totally。在这里就是彻底地、完全地 humiliated。

    程度副词的三维定位法
  • catastrophe 灾难;大祸(严重程度高于一般的不幸)

    让我们 synthesize。First,accumulated misfortunes 需要一个 strong word to describe;second,emotional escalation 从 unfortunate 到这个 word,显示 intensity 在 increase;third,morphological hint 暗示 downward movement。所有 clues 汇聚到一个 conclusion:catastrophe 表示严重的灾难或大祸,是比 misfortune 更 severe 的 negative event。

    情感词汇的梯度校准法
  • warranty 保修期;质保(厂商提供的限时产品保障)

    整合 three clues:conditional logic 显示它 enables free replacement;temporal feature 表明它 has expiration date;commercial context 定位它是 manufacturer's commitment。综合起来,warranty 是厂商向消费者提供的、有时间限制的、关于产品质量的 guarantee,在 validity period 内可以 get free repair or replacement。

    交易关系的参数映射法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 重复

    P2 P4

    David 在 第2段 和 第4段 中两次提到 hospital，通过这种 repetition 强化了他遭遇的 misfortune 程度。第一次是 throat infection 需要去 hospital get antibiotics，第二次是摔倒后又要去 hospital get an X-ray。这种 repeated mention 让听者 Sarah 和读者都能感受到 David 的 unlucky streak，为后续 Sarah 的 sympathy 和 offer to help 做了铺垫。

    信号词 hospital exam problem tried asked need

    仿写： 当你想在 dialogue 中 express 某个 unfortunate situation 或 emphasize 某个 key point 时，可以 strategically repeat 关键 location 或 action word。比如描述考试压力时，可以说 'I have an exam tomorrow, and another exam the day after, plus a final exam next week'，repeated 使用 exam 这个词来 convey 压力感。模版：[关键词] + [相关细节1] + and + [关键词] + [相关细节2]，通过 recurrence 来 amplify 效果。

  • 语气词

    P5 P7

    Sarah 在 第5段 使用了 'Oh, that's too bad! How unfortunate!'，连续的 exclamations 表达了她的 genuine sympathy。这些 interjections 不仅 convey emotion，还 establish 她作为 supportive friend 的 character。在 第7段 她又用了 'No, what a complete catastrophe!'，这种 emphatic exclamation 进一步 amplify 她对 David 遭遇的 concern，为后续她 offer practical help 做了 emotional foundation。

    信号词 Oh Wow Well No Ah Gosh Dear

    仿写： 在 dialogue 中想要 show sympathy 或 strong reaction 时，可以用 'Oh' 开头加上 evaluation phrase。比如听到朋友的 bad news，可以说 'Oh no! That sounds really tough!' 或 'Oh dear! What a mess!'。模版：Oh + [negative evaluation] + exclamation mark，或者 What a/an + [强烈形容词] + [名词] + exclamation mark。这样能 immediately signal 你的 emotional response。

  • 重复

    P4 P6

    在 第4段 和 第6段 中，David 反复使用 'I' 开头的句子来 narrate 他的 misfortunes：'I slipped... I fell... I basically thought... I need...' 以及 'I managed to fall... I was utterly humiliated'。这种 anaphora（首语重复）通过 consistent sentence structure 营造出一种 accumulative effect，让 listener 感受到一连串 unfortunate events 接踵而至。这种 pattern 强化了 David 作为 victim of circumstances 的 image。

    信号词 I We You He She They It

    仿写： 当你要 describe a series of events 或 express continuous actions 时，可以 use 'I' + past tense verb 的 parallel structure。比如描述准备考试的过程：'I studied all night, I reviewed all the notes, I practiced all the exercises, but I still felt unprepared'。模版：I + [动词1] + [细节1], I + [动词2] + [细节2], I + [动词3] + [细节3]。这种 consistent opening 能 create 强烈的 narrative flow。

  • 省略

    P4 P7

    在 第4段 中，David 说 'although, thankfully, it's not broken'，这里省略了主语 'my wrist'，因为 context 已经 clear。同样在 第7段，Sarah 说 'they'll send you a brand-new one'，省略了 'laptop' 这个 object。这种 ellipsis 在 natural conversation 中很常见，它 reflects speakers' shared understanding，让 dialogue sound authentic 而不是 scripted。这种 省略 also speeds up the conversation flow，符合 real-life speaking patterns。

    仿写： 在 writing dialogue 时，当前文已经 clearly mentioned 某个 noun 或 subject，后续 reference 可以 omit it。比如：'Did you finish the homework?' 'Not yet, [it's] too difficult'。模版：建立 clear referent in first mention，then use pronouns or completely omit in follow-up responses。但要 ensure context 足够 clear，避免 ambiguity。这样能让 dialogue sound more conversational 而不是 overly formal。

  • 语气词

    P2 P10

    David 在 第2段 开头使用 'Well, it's a bit of a long story I'm afraid'，这里的 'Well' 和 'I'm afraid' 都是 discourse markers，用来 soften 即将讲述的 bad news。这种 hedging language 显示了他的 reluctance 和 apologetic tone。在 第10段，David 说 'Wow, thanks, Sarah!'，'Wow' 这个 interjection 表达了他的 genuine gratitude 和 relief。这些 markers 都在 manage conversation flow 和 express nuanced emotions。

    信号词 Well I'm afraid I guess sort of kind of actually basically Wow

    仿写： 当要 deliver bad news 或 explain complicated situation 时，用 'Well' 或 'I'm afraid' 来 open。比如：'Well, I'm afraid I can't make it to the party'。当 express gratitude 或 surprise positively 时，用 'Wow' 或 'Great'。模版：Well + [不太好的消息] + I'm afraid，或者 Wow + [积极反应] + exclamation mark。这些 markers 能 soften the blow 或 amplify positive emotion，making you sound more natural and considerate。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

10 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • Sarah暗示David可能提前度假

    P1
    We thought you had disappeared on holiday early or something

    模糊限制语 or something kind of sort of and stuff and things or whatever more or less

    Sarah使用'or something'这个vague expression表明她actually doesn't know David真正absent的原因,只是在making casual guesses。这个implication对dialogue很important,因为它establishes了Sarah的initial assumption是wrong的 - David并不是去度假了,而是遇到了serious health issues。这个contrast between Sarah's lighthearted guess和David's actual misfortunes creates dramatic irony,为后续revealing真实情况做铺垫,同时也shows这是一个casual yet caring friendship where friends notice each other's absence

  • David暗示自己经历很复杂

    P2
    Well, it's a bit of a long story I'm afraid

    委婉表达 a bit of a long story it's complicated not ideal a bit tricky somewhat difficult not great could be better

    David说'a bit of a long story I'm afraid'这个expression暗示接下来要讲的内容not simple or pleasant,而是involves multiple unfortunate events。'I'm afraid'进一步reinforces这个negative implication。这个linguistic choice对dialogue structure很关键,因为它serves as a transition从casual greeting进入serious explanation,preparing Sarah for a series of misfortunes。这个implied complexity也foreshadows文章的main content - 不是单一问题,而是cascading series of unfortunate events,为subsequent detailed explanation建立expectation

  • Sarah暗示恶劣天气导致疾病流行

    P3
    The weather has been so awful for the last few weeks

    因果连接词 so therefore thus as a result consequently that's why because of this

    Sarah通过connecting病毒传播和恶劣天气,暗示David's throat infection是可以理解且expected的given the circumstances。这个implication起到validating David's experience的作用,showing sympathy and understanding by placing his illness in broader context。对dialogue主旨而言,这demonstrates Sarah's empathetic response - 她不仅listen to David's problems还provide contextual understanding。这个interaction也reveals their conversational dynamic: Sarah积极参与by offering relevant observations rather than just passively listening,这为later她offering practical help奠定基础

  • David暗示伤势可能很严重

    P4
    although, thankfully, it's not broken

    让步转折类 although, thankfully although though even though while whereas but

    David通过saying他thought he broke his wrist暗示fall was quite severe and painful,严重到足以make him believe骨头断了。'Thankfully it's not broken'表达relief但也implies injury仍然significant enough to需要medical examination and careful treatment。这个implied severity对understanding David's overall misfortune很重要 - 这不是minor slip而是potentially serious injury。对dialogue主旨而言,这adds to accumulating evidence of David's terrible luck,making Sarah's eventual offer of help更justified and necessary。这个contrast between what could have happened和what actually happened也reflects conversation中常见的downplaying pattern while still conveying seriousness

  • David摔倒时的尴尬更加严重

    P6
    To make things worse, I managed to fall right in front of four girls from the ninth grade. So I was utterly humiliated.

    递进强化类 To make things worse to make things worse what's more on top of that to add insult to injury not only that even worse

    David使用'to make things worse'然后describe摔倒在younger female students面前暗示social embarrassment对他而言extremely significant,可能even more painful than physical injury。'Utterly humiliated'这个strong word choice reveals his emotional state。这个implication对dialogue很重要因为它shows David's misfortunes不只是physical - 还有emotional and social dimensions。对主旨而言,这demonstrates为什么David needed two weeks away from class - 不仅是recovering from illness and injury,还可能是dealing with embarrassment。这个multi-layered suffering makes Sarah's sympathetic response和subsequent practical help更显meaningful,因为David clearly needs both emotional support和practical assistance

  • 笔记本电脑损坏增加更多困难

    P6
    Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken too.

    递进强化类 Plus plus also and in addition furthermore moreover

    David用'plus'添加laptop damage暗示这个fall的consequences extend beyond immediate physical and emotional impact to practical academic consequences。'Too'这个word也subtle but important - 它implies laptop是another victim of the fall,reinforcing idea of cascade of damages from single incident。这个implication对dialogue crucial because laptop damage with essays inside creates urgent practical problem that needs immediate solution,这directly leads to Sarah's offer of help。对主旨而言,broken laptop是catalyst for Sarah's assistance - 如果只是health issues,她might只offer sympathy,但具体的urgent problem让她能provide concrete actionable help

  • Sarah用夸张强调灾难性程度

    P7
    No, what a complete catastrophe!

    情感强化类 complete catastrophe total disaster absolute nightmare utter chaos complete mess total failure terrible situation

    Sarah用'complete catastrophe'这个strong hyperbolic expression暗示她fully understands and validates David's accumulated misfortunes as genuinely overwhelming situation。这个choice of words比简单的'that's too bad'demonstrates deeper level of empathy and engagement。对dialogue很important because这个strong emotional validation establishes foundation for her subsequent practical help - 她不是dismissing his problems而是taking them seriously。对主旨而言,这个emphatic response showcases Sarah's character as caring and supportive friend,making her later offer of concrete assistance feel natural and expected rather than surprising。这个emotional connection是从sympathy转向action的关键bridge

  • 保修期刚过暗示运气极差

    P8
    The warranty ran out three days before I broke it

    时间对比类 three days before just after right before only yesterday the day before moments before just when

    David说warranty expired仅仅three days before laptop broke暗示his bad luck is not just unfortunate但almost comically precise in its timing。这个detail强调every aspect of his situation working against him - 不只是things going wrong,而是going wrong at worst possible moment。对dialogue很significant because这个additional detail about timing makes situation feel even more hopeless from David's perspective,他经历的不是isolated problems而是perfectly timed series of worst-case scenarios。对主旨而言,这个revelation about warranty makes Sarah's offer to help with repair shop even more valuable and timely - David真的needs practical solution因为he's out of simple options like manufacturer replacement

  • Sarah展现积极解决问题的态度

    P9
    Listen, I have the number of a really good, affordable computer repair shop at home

    注意力引导类 Listen listen look see hey okay alright

    Sarah用'Listen'作为conversation转折点暗示她从passive sympathetic listener转变为active problem solver。这个transition word signals她不仅been listening attentively还been thinking about practical solutions。Following immediately with具体的repair shop information显示她has concrete resources to offer,不是empty comfort。对dialogue crucial because这个moment是entire conversation的pivot point - 从David描述accumulated misfortunes到Sarah providing actionable help。对主旨而言,这demonstrates核心friendship dynamic: Sarah既提供emotional support through emphatic responses也提供practical assistance through concrete solutions。'Listen'这个word marks exact point where conversation从problem narrative转向solution implementation

  • David表达真诚感激

    P10
    Wow, thanks, Sarah! That would be great!

    情感反应类 Wow, thanks wow, thanks oh, thank you that's amazing I really appreciate it you're a lifesaver that's so kind

    David's enthusiastic response with 'Wow, thanks'和repeated confirmation 'that would be great'暗示Sarah's offer addresses desperate need - 他been dealing with mounting problems without solutions,现在finally有practical way forward。这个emotional reaction也reveals他可能felt overwhelmed and helpless before Sarah's intervention。对dialogue主旨extremely important because这个exchange完美illustrates friendship support system in action - David经历series of unfortunate events,Sarah not only listens and empathizes but provides concrete actionable help。David's genuine gratitude validates Sarah's assistance as truly valuable and needed,completing arc from problem presentation to solution acceptance。这个positive conclusion contrasts sharply with David's initial predicament,showing power of supportive friendship

SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

1 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

  • Plus, the laptop in my bag was broken too.
    第6段，第3句

    简单句加被动语态是四六级和考研中的常见基础句式，介词短语作后置定语也很典型，但整体结构过于简单，代表性中等。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 的常见问题

2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 文章的主旨是什么？
Sarah遇到缺课两周的David,得知他遭遇了一连串不幸:喉咙感染、在冰上摔倒导致手腕受伤、当众出丑,以及装有重要论文的笔记本电脑损坏。Sarah提供电脑维修店联系方式帮助他。（英文表述：Sarah encounters David after his two-week absence and learns he suffered multiple misfortunes: a throat infection, a fall on ice injuring his wrist, public embarrassment, and a broken laptop with important essays. Sarah offers help by providing a computer repair shop contact.）
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为对话。CEFR 难度 B1，全文 321 词、10 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，B1 级共 17 篇（占 3%）。
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 10 段按对话骨架分为 6 个意群：第1段——开场问候与缺席原因引入；第2段、第3段——第一重不幸详述；第4段、第5段——第二重不幸与后果；第6段——不幸升级与情感反应；第7段、第8段——问题深化与解决方案受阻；第9段、第10段——问题解决与对话收尾。
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section A (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：antibiotics（抗生素(对抗细菌感染的药物)）、utterly（完全地;彻底地(表示程度极深)）、catastrophe（灾难;大祸(严重程度高于一般的不幸)）、warranty（保修期;质保(厂商提供的限时产品保障)），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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