2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)
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2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)

对话 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇对话全文 270 词、9 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语四级文章中占 46%);英文原文之外,本篇已有的 6 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

9 段英文原文

以下为2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的听力原文,由懒笔记按试卷原文逐段核对收录,共 9 段。左侧 P1–P9 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

W: The name of the TV show we wish to produce is Science Nation.

M: Please tell us more. What would Science Nation be about?

W: It will be about science, all sorts of science. Each episode will focus on a different area of science, and tell us what we know, how we know it, and what we still don't know. The show will have one host only, and this will be Professor Susan Paul from Harvard University. She is a great public speaker.

M: So, just be clear. Will the show's format be like that of a documentary?

W: Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren't so much. Please keep in mind this will be a new TV show like nothing ever done before.

M: Okay, so it will be both educational and entertaining, and your audience will be anyone interested in science, right?

W: That's correct. Yes.

M: Right, thank you. So I think we're more or less clear what the show will be like. Could you please tell us now what exactly you want from us?

W: Yes, of course. Basically what we need from you is financial support. In order to go ahead with this idea, we need two million dollars. This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows in the first season for the first year. If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season for the following year.

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

5 个意群的对话骨架

按对话 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 节目提案开场

    这是 opening statement,女士直接 introduce 了她想要 produce 的 TV show 名称 Science Nation,作为整个 pitch 的 starting point

    在 dialogue 的 opening turn 中,establish 了整个 conversation 的 topic,为后续详细的 proposal explanation 奠定 foundation

    提出节目名称
  2. 节目详情阐述

    经过男士的 prompt,女士 elaborate 了 show 的 content、format 和 host。她 explain 每个 episode 会 focus on different areas of science,并 introduce Professor Susan Paul 作为 host

    这是 pitch 的 core content section,提供 detailed description of the program,让 potential funders understand 节目的 nature 和 format

    说明节目内容
  3. 节目形式澄清

    男士 seek clarification 关于 show format 是否像 documentary,女士 confirm 它是 non-fiction 和 fact-based,但 emphasize 它会更 fun and entertaining,是 something new

    通过 clarification exchange,distinguish 这个 show 和 traditional documentaries 的 difference,highlight 它的 unique selling point,让 funders understand 它的 innovation

    界定节目类型
  4. 目标受众确认

    男士 summarize 他的 understanding,即 show 会既 educational 又 entertaining,audience 是任何 interested in science 的人,女士简短地 confirm

    这个 brief exchange 通过 summary-confirmation pattern 来 consolidate previous information,ensure mutual understanding 在进入下一 phase 之前

    定位观众群体
  5. 资金需求说明

    男士明确 transition 到新 topic,用 'so I think we're more or less clear' 来 close previous discussion,然后 ask 女士 what exactly she wants。女士 specify 她需要 financial support,request two million dollars 来 cover 第一季 12 episodes 的 cost

    这是整个 pitch 的 climax,前面所有 description 都是为了 lead to 这个 funding request。这个 exchange reveal 了 conversation 的 ultimate purpose

    提出资金要求
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 抓开场主题词 P1

    Opening lines 在对话中具有 agenda-setting function,说话者通常会在第一时间 establish the context。这种 directness 是对话类文章的典型特征,因为对话需要 mutual understanding,所以主题往往前置而不是埋藏在文中。

  2. Clarification exchanges 在对话中起到 information elicitation 的作用。提问方的 questions 会引导说话者 elaborate on key aspects,而回答中使用的 modal verbs 和 future tense 能帮助我们判断这是 proposal, plan 还是 report。这种 interactive structure 让主旨信息通过 Q&A pattern 逐层展开。

  3. 转折定位请求 P8

    Discourse markers 在对话中标记 conversation phases。'So' 和 'right' 往往表示 topic shift 或 summary,而 'what exactly you want' 这类 direct questions 通常引出对话的 ultimate purpose。这种 structural signaling 帮助听者和读者识别对话的 climax 或 key turning point。

  4. 明确金额诉求 P9

    在 proposal dialogues 中,具体的 numerical figures, resource requests, 和 conditional plans 是 main point 的 strongest indicators。'Need' 和 'require' 这类 necessity modals 加上 specific amounts 构成了 proposal 的 core substance。Conditional clauses 则揭示 proposal 的 scope 和 phased nature。

  5. 对话的 sequential nature 决定了主旨往往不是单点呈现,而是通过 cumulative exchanges 逐步建构。每个 conversation phase 贡献不同的 information layer:topic establishment → content description → purpose clarification → specific request。识别这些 phases 并提取各自的 key information 就能准确重构主旨。

主旨信号词 financial support P9 host P3 episodes P9 educational P6

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

一位女士向潜在资助方推介名为《科学国度》的电视节目提案,将其描述为一档由哈佛教授主持的寓教于乐的科学节目,并请求两百万美元制作首季十二集内容。
A woman pitches a TV show proposal called Science Nation to potential funders, describing it as an educational yet entertaining science program hosted by a Harvard professor, and requests two million dollars to produce the first season of twelve episodes.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • episode (电视节目的)一集

    现在我们把两条 clues 整合起来。第一条线索告诉我们 episode 是一个可以重复的单元,each episode 处理 different topics。第二条线索揭示了 quantitative relationship:一个 season 包含12个 shows。将这两点结合,episode 指的就是电视节目中的每一集,它是构成整季节目的基本单位。

    数量标记+层级关系定位
  • documentary 纪录片

    综合两条 clues,我们可以建立清晰的 inference chain。第一条线索确立了 documentary 是一种 recognized TV format。第二条线索提供了 defining features:non-fiction, fact-based, 但 traditionally 不够 entertaining。这些 characteristics 共同指向一个结论:documentary 是一种以真实内容为基础、注重知识传递而非娱乐性的节目形式。

    定义特征+对比反衬
  • format 形式;样式

    整合这两条 clues,我们看到 format 首先是 show 的一个 inherent property,其次它涉及 how the content is presented and structured。通过 documentary comparison,我们理解 format 决定了节目是采用 traditional documentary style 还是 more entertaining approach。因此 format 指的是节目的整体呈现形式和结构安排。

    所属分析+比较语境
  • entertaining 有娱乐性的;令人愉快的

    综合三条 clues,我们建立完整的 reasoning chain。构词法告诉我们这是一个 descriptive adjective。第二条线索通过 coordination with 'fun'揭示其 positive, light-hearted nature。第三条线索通过与 educational 的 complementary pairing,确定它强调 viewer enjoyment 而非 learning。因此 entertaining 描述的是让人感到愉悦、有趣的特质。

    构词+并列+互补三重定位
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 反问

    P4 P6

    男方使用了 'So, just be clear' 和 'Will the show's format be like that of a documentary?' 这种确认式的 question,这不是真正需要回答的 doubt,而是用 rhetorical question 来 confirm understanding。这种 clarification strategy 在 business pitch 场景中非常关键,它让 funder 展示出自己在 actively listening,同时给 presenter 机会去 elaborate 和 refine 她的 proposal,推动整个 negotiation 更加清晰和专业。

    信号词 So Just to be clear If I understand correctly Let me clarify Do you mean Are you saying

    仿写: 当你想在 professional dialogue 中 confirm understanding 时,可以用 'So, just to be clear...' 或 'If I understand correctly...' 开头,然后跟一个 yes-no question。模版:'So, just to clarify, + [your understanding of the key point] + right/correct?' 这样既显得你在 paying attention,又给对方 chance to correct any misunderstanding。

  • 重复

    P3

    在 第3段 中女方连续使用 'science, all sorts of science',然后用 three parallel clauses 'what we know, how we know it, and what we still don't know' 来强调 scope。这种 repetition with variation 的 technique 让 key concept(science)被 reinforced,同时 tricolon structure 给人 comprehensive and well-organized 的印象。这对于 convincing potential funders 非常有效,因为它展示了 proposal 的 thoroughness 和 presenter 的 confidence。

    信号词 all sorts of all kinds of various types of different forms of every aspect of what...how...what

    仿写: 当你要 emphasize a central concept in pitch or presentation 时,可以先 state the concept,然后用 'all kinds/sorts/types of + [concept]' 来 amplify。接着用 three parallel phrases 或 clauses 来 elaborate,形成 rule of three。模版:'[Topic], all sorts of [topic]. It will cover [aspect 1], [aspect 2], and [aspect 3].' 这种 pattern 既 emphatic 又 memorable。

  • 语气词

    P6 P8 P9

    对话中频繁出现 'Okay'、'Right'、'Yes, of course' 这些 discourse markers,它们在 conversation flow 中起到 crucial role。比如 第6段 的 'Okay' 和 第8段 的 'Right' 标志着 topic transition 和 comprehension confirmation,而 第9段 的 'Yes, of course' 表示 willingness to comply。这些 particles 虽然看似 casual,但它们 maintain conversational coherence,让 formal business discussion 不会显得 too stiff,同时 signal 双方的 mutual understanding 和 cooperation。

    信号词 Okay Right Yes Of course Sure Well So Now Alright

    仿写: 在 dialogue writing 中,要在 appropriate junctures 插入 discourse markers 来 create realistic conversation rhythm。在 confirming understanding 后用 'Okay' 或 'Right' 再 transition to next question;在 responding to requests 时用 'Yes, of course' 或 'Certainly' 来 show cooperation。模版:'[Confirmation marker] + [transition phrase] + [new question/statement]',比如 'Right, thank you. So I think...'。避免 overuse,但适当使用能让 dialogue 更 authentic。

  • 省略

    P5 P7

    在 第5段 中女方说 'Kind of',这是 'It is kind of like that' 的 elliptical form。这种 conversational ellipsis 让 response 更 concise and natural。第7段 的 'That's correct. Yes.' 中,'Yes' 也是 elliptical reinforcement,省略了完整的 sentence structure。这种 economy of expression 在 spoken discourse 中非常 common,它 speeds up conversation pace,避免 unnecessary redundancy,同时 maintains informality,让 business pitch 不会过于 rigid。

    仿写: 在写 conversational dialogue 时,避免让 characters 说出 every single word that would be in a written sentence。在 responding to questions 时,可以用 short elliptical phrases 如 'Kind of'、'Not really'、'That's correct' 而不是完整的 clauses。模版:Question: 'Is it like X?' → Elliptical answer: '[Degree modifier] + [confirmation/negation]',比如 'Kind of' 或 'Not exactly'。这让 dialogue sound more like actual speech。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 节目创新性的强调与潜在风险提示

    P5
    Please keep in mind this will be a new TV show like nothing ever done before.

    强调类极端表达 like nothing ever done before never seen before completely new unprecedented first of its kind totally unique groundbreaking

    女士说 "like nothing ever done before" 表面是在 emphasize the show's innovation,但 subtext 其实是在 prepare the funders for uncertainty,暗示 "因为 no precedent,所以 conventional success metrics may not apply"。对 main idea 的 role 是 simultaneously selling the concept 和 hedging against potential criticism,这为后续的 funding request 铺垫了 higher risk tolerance 的 expectation,essentially asking funders to "take a leap of faith" rather than rely on proven formulas。

  • 资金充足性的隐含保证

    P9
    This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows in the first season for the first year.

    确定性表达 This would cover the cost This would cover would be sufficient for will enable us to allows us to makes it possible to ensures we can

    "This would cover the cost of making all 12 shows" 表层是 explaining budget allocation,但 implication 是 reassuring funders 说 "we've done our homework,这个 two million 是 carefully calculated,不会有 cost overruns 或 additional requests"。对 main idea 的 value 在于 building credibility for the proposal,通过 projecting financial competence 来 increase the likelihood of approval,essentially telling funders "your investment is safe and well-planned",这 reduces perceived risk 并 strengthens the overall pitch。

  • 成功条件下的延续性暗示

    P9
    If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season for the following year.

    条件句式的假设表达 If the show is a success Should this work out If it performs well When we succeed Assuming positive results If this proves successful Once we establish

    "If the show is a success, we can then look at making a second season" 表面是 logical planning,但 underlying message 是 multi-faceted:首先 implies confidence (暗示 success is likely),其次 suggests ongoing partnership potential (这不是 one-off transaction),最后 subtly prepares funders for future requests (暗示 more funding may be needed)。对 main idea 的 role 是 transforming the pitch from "give us money for one project" to "invest in a long-term venture with growth potential",这 reframes the ask as strategic investment rather than simple expense,potentially making it more attractive to funders seeking ongoing returns。

  • 格式定位的委婉否定

    P5
    Kind of. It will be like a documentary in the sense that it will be non-fiction and fact-based. However, our idea is for it to be also fun and entertaining, something which traditional documentaries aren't so much.

    模糊限制语 Kind of Sort of Somewhat In a way To some extent More or less Roughly speaking

    "Kind of" 后接 "However" 的 structure 表面是 agreeing with the documentary comparison,但 subtext 是 politely pushing back against that categorization。The implication 是 "don't judge this by documentary standards,it's actually different and potentially more appealing"。对 main idea 的 significance 在于 protecting the show's unique positioning,ensuring funders understand they're not investing in just another documentary,而是 a hybrid format with broader appeal。这 distinction matters for market positioning 和 justifying the funding amount,因为 entertainment value 可能 command higher budgets than pure education。

  • 理解确认背后的进度推进

    P8
    Right, thank you. So I think we're more or less clear what the show will be like. Could you please tell us now what exactly you want from us?

    总结性过渡表达 So I think we're more or less clear So I think we're clear Now that we understand With that established Having covered that Now we know That being said

    "So I think we're more or less clear" 表面是 friendly confirmation,但 subtext 是 asserting control 和 pushing toward decision point。The phrase "what exactly you want from us" 的 implication 是 "stop selling, start asking",shifting dynamic from pitch to negotiation。对 main idea 的 role 是 marking the pivotal moment where discussion 转为 concrete request,这 forces the woman to reveal the financial ask,which is the true purpose of the meeting。这个 transition 也 reveals power dynamics,showing funders are now in evaluation mode rather than listening mode。

SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

1 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

  • M: Okay, so it will be both educational and entertaining, and your audience will be anyone interested in science, right?
    第6段,第1句

    并列复合句是四六级和考研阅读中的常见句式,两个主句通过 and 连接是最基础的并列结构之一。主系表结构和过去分词作后置定语也是高频考点。该句的典型之处在于展示了并列连词在不同层级的使用(词语并列与分句并列),以及系动词后接不同类型表语的搭配。但句子整体结构较为简单,没有涉及更复杂的从句嵌套或倒装等高阶句式,因此典型性处于中等偏上水平。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的常见问题

2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的主旨是什么?
一位女士向潜在资助方推介名为《科学国度》的电视节目提案,将其描述为一档由哈佛教授主持的寓教于乐的科学节目,并请求两百万美元制作首季十二集内容。(英文表述:A woman pitches a TV show proposal called Science Nation to potential funders, describing it as an educational yet entertaining science program hosted by a Harvard professor, and requests two million dollars to produce the first season of twelve episodes.)
2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为对话。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 270 词、9 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 234 篇(占 46%)。
2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 9 段按对话骨架分为 5 个意群:第1段——节目提案开场;第2段、第3段——节目详情阐述;第4段、第5段——节目形式澄清;第6段、第7段——目标受众确认;第8段、第9段——资金需求说明。
2019年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:episode((电视节目的)一集)、documentary(纪录片)、format(形式;样式)、entertaining(有娱乐性的;令人愉快的),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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