2021年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (3)

文章开头就用 population of a mere 49 souls 这个具体数字来强调 Takotna 的 tiny size，接着提到 seven-day race 和 obligatory 24-hour rest，这些 precise numbers 让读者对村庄的 small scale 和比赛的 time frame 有了 concrete understanding。通过这些 specific figures，作者建立起一个强烈的 contrast：如此 small 的村庄却能在 annual event 中扮演重要角色，这种 numerical specificity 为后文描述村民的 hospitality tradition 奠定了基础，让读者理解到这份 pie-making tradition 的难能可贵。

信号词 49 seven-day 24-hour 1972 1970s mere population of

仿写： 写作说明文时，想想你要描述的 subject 有哪些可以 quantify 的方面。比如描述一个 tradition，不要只说 has long history，可以说 started in the 1970s, over 50 years ago。问自己：这个 phenomenon 涉及多少 people？持续多长 time？有什么 measurable dimensions？仿写模版：「[主体] + 具体数字 + 计量单位」，比如：The library houses 10,000 volumes. / The festival attracts 5,000 visitors annually.

第二段用 such as apple, orange, lemon or banana 这个 enumeration 来 illustrate 村民准备的 pie varieties。这个 concrete list 让 delightful pies of all kinds 这个 general statement 变得 vivid and specific。通过 listing 这些 familiar fruit flavors，作者让读者能 visualize 和 imagine 那些 pies 的样子和味道，这种 sensory detail 强化了 Takotna 的 hospitality 这个 central theme。Examples 总是比 abstract descriptions 更有 persuasive power，这里的 fruit varieties 就是最好的证明。

信号词 such as like for example for instance including namely

仿写： 写说明文时遇到 general statements，问自己：能不能给个 concrete example？比如说 various activities，不如列举 such as hiking, fishing, and bird watching。选择 examples 时注意 diversity 和 representativeness。仿写模版：「[总述] + such as/like/for example/including + [例1], [例2], and/or [例3]」，比如：The museum features various artifacts, such as ancient pottery, bronze tools, and silk textiles.

第一段中 called the Iditarod Trail 和第三段 refer to Jan as Queen of Takotna 都是 definitional statements。这些 naming and defining acts 帮助读者 grasp key concepts。Iditarod Trail 被 defined 为 seven-day race，这个 definition 建立起 context；Jan Newton 被 defined 为 Queen，这个 title 凝练了她的 significance and contribution。这些 definitions 不是 dictionary-style 的 formal definitions，而是 contextual explanations that serve the narrative，它们帮助读者理解这个 small village 的 annual ritual 和 key figure。

信号词 called known as referred to as defined as termed named is means

仿写： 写作时遇到 specialized terms 或 proper nouns，考虑加上 brief definition 或 explanation。可以用 called, known as, referred to as 这些 phrases 来 introduce definitions。问自己：readers 是否 familiar with this term？需要怎样的 context？仿写模版：「[主体] + called/known as/referred to as + [定义/称号]」或「[术语], a [类别] that [特征]」，比如：The phenomenon, known as aurora borealis, occurs in polar regions. / She became known as the Pioneer of Modern Nursing.

第二段中 The toughness of the race allows for racers to eat pretty much whatever they want. The more calories, the better 这两句是对前文 stomach warming race fuel 的 elaboration。这个 interpretive explanation 帮助读者理解为什么 racers 需要 consume 这么多 pies：不是因为 greedy，而是因为 extreme physical demands of the race。这种 clarification 防止了 misunderstanding，同时也 reinforces 了 pies 作为 practical fuel 而不仅仅是 treat 的 dual function。这个 interpretation 让 pie tradition 显得更加 reasonable and necessary。

信号词 this means in other words that is to say namely that is i.e. allows for the reason is

仿写： 当你 introduce 一个 concept 后，问自己：readers 可能有什么 questions 或 misconceptions？需要怎样的 elaboration？可以通过 follow-up sentences 来 expand meaning，用 this means, in other words, that is to say 等 phrases。仿写模版：「[陈述] + 诠释句（进一步解释为什么、怎么样、意味着什么）」，比如：The device is energy-efficient. It consumes 50% less power than traditional models, reducing both costs and environmental impact.

第三段追溯到 the 1970s 和 1972，介绍了 Jan Newton from Idaho 及其 opened a restaurant 的 historical facts。这些 historical references 和 personal background information 构成了 factual documentation，虽然没有 direct quotations，但这些 verifiable details 相当于 citing sources of the tradition。通过 tracing back to origins，作者为 Takotna's pie tradition 提供了 historical legitimacy and context。这种 reference to past events and specific individuals 让这个 custom 不只是 present phenomenon，而是有 roots and evolution 的 established tradition。

信号词 in since started according to documented records show historically originated

仿写： 写说明文时，考虑什么样的 background information 或 historical context 能 support your points。可以 reference specific dates, places, people, 或 events that are verifiable。问自己：这个 phenomenon 的 origin 是什么？有什么 documented facts 可以 cite？仿写模版：「[现象/传统] + started/began/originated + 时间/地点 + with/by [人物/事件]」，比如：The tradition began in 1995 when local artist Maria Chen organized the first community mural project.