2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)
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2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2)

新闻报道 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇新闻报道全文 155 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 C1(C1 级在英语四级文章中占 32%),作者立场为「客观中立」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 的听力原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Glasgow has pledged to become the first carbon neutral city in the UK. The city's council and ScottishPower have announced a range of strategies in an attempt to reduce carbon emissions ahead of the new national target of 2045.

First Minister Nicola Sturgeon welcomed the pledge, and said: "Today's announcement between ScottishPower and Glasgow City Council—to make Glasgow the UK's first net-zero city—is a very welcome step. Reaching our goals will need exactly this kind of partnership approach—with government, business, local authorities and citizens all playing their part."

Speaking ahead of the All Energy Conference being held in Glasgow, ScottishPower chief executive Keith Anderson said: "We have a large supply of renewable energy on our doorstep and one of the only two low emission zones in action across the UK. Now, we need to invest in the technologies and programmes that transform the rest of Glasgow's economy and make us net zero before anyone else."

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Glasgow's Carbon-Neutral Pledge

    Glasgow has pledged to become the UK's first carbon-neutral city through a partnership between its council and ScottishPower.

    本段承担了新闻报道的 opening function,先交代 Glasgow 的目标、合作主体和减排计划,为全文建立基本背景。它直接呈现文章主旨中的 main claim,即 Glasgow 要借助 partnership 实现 carbon neutrality,并且争取早于 2045 target。

    抓住“谁承诺成为什么”
  2. P2

    Government Support for Collective Action

    Nicola Sturgeon welcomed Glasgow's pledge and emphasized that achieving climate goals requires cooperation among government, business, local authorities, and citizens.

    本段发挥了 official endorsement 的作用,通过 First Minister 的发言提升新闻的权威性和 public significance。与此同时,它把文章主旨从 Glasgow 与 ScottishPower 的双边合作扩展为多方参与的 partnership model,说明 carbon-neutral goal 需要整个社会共同承担责任。

    从“欢迎”追问“为何欢迎”
  3. P3

    Building on Glasgow's Green Advantages

    ScottishPower argues that Glasgow can achieve net zero by building on its renewable-energy resources and investing in technologies and programmes to transform the city's economy.

    本段提供了实现文章主旨的 practical explanation,说明 Glasgow 为什么有条件领先,以及还需要采取什么措施。它把前文较为宏观的 pledge 和 partnership 落实为 renewable energy、low-emission zones 以及 technology investment 等具体内容,使全文从“宣布目标”推进到“说明路径”。

    串联“已有优势、下一步行动、最终目标”
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2021年6月英语四级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 Glasgow strategies ScottishPower

    What is Glasgow seeking to achieve through the strategies announced with ScottishPower?

    • A To make Glasgow the first net-zero city through a national law.
    • B To replace ScottishPower with the city council.
    • C To reduce carbon emissions before the 2045 national target.
    • D To postpone the 2045 national target.
    • E To create low emission zones across the entire UK.
    • F To secure renewable energy supplies for local authorities.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    正确项完整对应了策略的 purpose chain:核心行动是 reduce carbon emissions,时间边界则由 ahead of the new national target of 2045 补足。它准确落在 attempt to 后面的具体目标上。障碍在于首句的 carbon neutral 更醒目,考生可能把总体 pledge 直接当作策略的句法宾语;但细节题应优先服从原句中的支配关系。

    三词同窗 时间最紧张时,直接抓题干中的 Glasgow、ScottishPower 和 strategies,采用“三词同窗”扫描,跳至 第1段。随后不必逐词翻译整句,只找 strategies 后最近的 purpose trigger,并把其宾语与时间短语整体映射到选项;能同时保留行动目的和时间限定的正确项,即为答案项。这个方法利用了新闻导语中“宣布后紧接目的”的常见信息排布。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 Nicola Sturgeon goals partnership

    According to Nicola Sturgeon, what is needed to reach the goals?

    • A A decision by ScottishPower to act without government support.
    • B The immediate completion of the 2045 national target.
    • C More low emission zones in every British city.
    • D A partnership involving government, business, local authorities, and citizens.
    • E A larger supply of renewable energy from outside the UK.
    • F A pledge from citizens to replace local authorities.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    正确项准确概括了说话者在 will need 后提出的 partnership approach,并完整保留 government、business、local authorities 和 citizens 四类参与主体。它回答的是实现 goals 的必要协作条件,没有把 welcomed 的积极态度误作条件。选项以 involving 概括 all playing their part,属于合理的同义改写。

    条件结构截取 时间紧张时,不必先看 goals 这类宽泛词,直接抓 According to Nicola Sturgeon 的人名,跳至 第2段,再从引语中寻找 requirement signal。采用“条件结构截取法”,把表示必要条件的名词短语视为候选证据,并检查正确项是否完整保留关系结构和参与范围。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 Keith Anderson invest net zero

    What does Keith Anderson say Glasgow should do next to become net zero?

    • A Rely solely on the renewable energy already available locally.
    • B Keep the existing low emission zones unchanged.
    • C Wait for the All Energy Conference to set a national target.
    • D Ask Nicola Sturgeon to welcome a new pledge.
    • E Invest in technologies and programmes that transform the rest of Glasgow's economy.
    • F Reduce the role of business and citizens in the partnership.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    正确项对应 Now, we need to invest in 的后续行动,并保留 technologies and programmes 及 transform the rest of Glasgow's economy 两项关键内容。它准确回答“下一步做什么”,而 net zero 是该行动服务的结果。障碍在于 renewable energy 和 low emission zones 都是合理的环保信息,但它们由 have 和 in action 标记为既有条件,不能回答 next。

    行动链截取 时间最紧张时,先抓 Keith Anderson,再从选项中提取 invest 这类高辨识度 action verb,跳至 第3段。采用“行动链截取法”,直接检查该动词后的对象和目标;随后以“已有事实或待做行动”二分选项,正确项应完整呈现未来行动,而不能只是复述现状或背景。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的新闻报道骨架

按新闻报道 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 格拉斯哥碳中和目标宣布

    这个 opening paragraph 直接抛出了 news hook,明确告知 Glasgow 承诺成为 UK's first carbon neutral city,并且 council 和 ScottishPower 联合发布了 strategies,目的是在 2045 national target 之前 reduce emissions,这是典型的 news lead,用最简洁的方式传递了 who、what、when 等核心 information

    作为 news report 的 lead paragraph,这个意群 establishes 整篇文章的 foundation,直接呈现主旨中的 core elements:Glasgow 的 carbon-neutral goal、partnership between council and ScottishPower、以及 emission reduction strategies,为后续的 supporting details 和 quotes 搭建 framework

    目标宣布
  2. 政府首脑官方背书

    这个意群通过 First Minister Nicola Sturgeon 的 official statement 来 validate 前面的 announcement,她的 quote 强调了这个 pledge 是 welcome step,并且阐述需要 partnership approach,让 government、business、local authorities 和 citizens 共同 play their part,这是 news report 中常见的 authority endorsement pattern

    在 news structure 中,这个意群通过 high-level political figure 的 endorsement 来 add credibility 和 significance 给主旨中的 partnership 概念,Sturgeon 的 statement 不仅 confirms the importance 这个 initiative,还 contextualizes 它在更大的 national climate goals 中的 position,强化了主旨中 partnership approach 的 legitimacy

    官方认可
  3. 企业方实施细节阐述

    这个意群引入 ScottishPower chief executive Keith Anderson 的 statement,他从 business perspective 来 elaborate on the practical foundation,包括 renewable energy supply、low emission zones 等 existing advantages,然后提出需要 invest in technologies and programmes 来 transform Glasgow's economy,实现 net zero goal,这是从 political endorsement 向 operational details 的 transition

    这个意群对主旨起到 operationalize 的作用,把主旨中抽象的 partnership 和 strategies 具体化为 tangible assets (renewable energy、low emission zones) 和 concrete actions (invest in technologies),Anderson 的 quote 特别呼应了主旨中的 leveraging renewable energy 部分,同时 project 了从 current advantages 到 future net zero 的 pathway

    实施路径
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首句主谓宾锁定 P1

    新闻报道遵循 inverted pyramid structure,最关键的 information 集中在 lead paragraph。第一句通常包含 who, what, when 等核心要素,能直接揭示 main topic。

  2. 合作主体识别 P1 P2

    主旨不仅包含 what is happening,还包含 how it happens。Partnership 类词汇暗示这是 joint initiative,体现了 main idea 中的 implementation mechanism。

  3. 时间与地位标记 P1 P3

    主旨需要体现 significance 和 uniqueness。时间对比(ahead of)和地位描述(first)说明这个 action 的 priority 和 pioneering nature,是 main idea 完整性的必要组成部分。

  4. 段落主题一致性 P2 P3

    主旨判断需要 consistency check。如果后续段落都在 elaborate 或 quote sources 支持首段的 announcement,说明你对 main idea 的理解是准确的。

  5. 四步快速定位法 P1 P2 P3

    综述环节将 discrete steps 整合为 streamlined process,强调 efficiency 和 accuracy 的平衡,确保学生能 replicate 这套方法到其他 news articles。

主旨信号词 pledged P1 first P1 partnership approach P2 ahead of P1 net-zero P2

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

格拉斯哥旨在通过市议会与苏格兰电力公司的合作成为英国首个碳中和城市,实施减排策略以赶在苏格兰2045年目标之前达成,并利用可再生能源和低排放区。
Glasgow aims to become the UK's first carbon-neutral city through a partnership between the city council and ScottishPower, implementing strategies to reduce emissions before Scotland's 2045 target, leveraging renewable energy and low-emission zones.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • pledge 承诺;保证(做某事)

    现在我们来 connect all the clues。首先,pledge 后接 to do 的 syntactic pattern 告诉我们这是一个 commitment verb。其次,它被 welcome 说明是 positive commitment。最后,它和 announcement 平行出现,证明这是一个 public commitment。把这些 pieces 放在一起,我们可以 conclude:pledge 是一种公开的、正式的 promise 或 commitment,通常指向 future actions。

    动词三维分析法
  • emission 排放(物)

    让我们 synthesize 这些 clues。Word formation 告诉我们 emission 是 sending out 的 action。Semantic field analysis 显示它和 carbon、renewable energy、net zero 这些 environmental terms 共现。Collocation pattern 表明它需要被 reduce。将这些 evidence 整合:emission 是向 environment 中 send out 或 release 的 substances,特别是 harmful gases like carbon dioxide。

    专业术语三层解析法
  • doorstep 门阶;(比喻)家门口,近在咫尺的地方

    现在让我们 integrate 这些 insights。Compound word analysis 给出 literal meaning:门前台阶。但 contextual usage 显示这是 metaphorical:renewable energy 不可能 literally 在台阶上。Pragmatic function 揭示 speaker's intention:emphasize proximity and accessibility。所以 on our doorstep 是一个 idiomatic expression,表示 very near, readily available。

    复合词字面到比喻的转换识别
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 引语运用

    P2

    文章通过 direct quotation 引用了 First Minister Nicola Sturgeon 的完整发言,她用 "very welcome step" 来评价这个 pledge,强调需要 "partnership approach"。这种 authoritative endorsement 为 Glasgow 的 carbon-neutral initiative 增添了 governmental credibility,让读者感受到这不仅是 local council 的决定,更是得到了 national-level 的 recognition 和 support。Quote 中的 "government, business, local authorities and citizens all playing their part" 这个表达,清晰地勾勒出实现目标需要的 multi-stakeholder collaboration,呼应了文章主旨中的 partnership 概念。

    信号词 said welcomed emphasized stated announced commented noted added explained pointed out remarked

    仿写: 在撰写类似 environmental initiative 的报道时,寻找具有 decision-making power 或 symbolic significance 的人物进行 quote。选择的 quote 应该包含 evaluative language(如 "welcome"、"important")和 forward-looking statements(如 "will need"、"must")。仿写模版:[官员职位] + [官员姓名] + said/welcomed/emphasized + [包含评价性词汇和行动呼吁的直接引语]。比如:"The Mayor emphasized: 'This initiative represents a crucial milestone. Achieving our goals will require coordinated efforts from all sectors.'"

  • 引语运用

    P3

    文章引用 ScottishPower chief executive Keith Anderson 的发言,他用 "on our doorstep" 这个 colloquial expression 来描述 renewable energy resources 的 proximity,让 technical topic 变得更 accessible。他的 quote 中包含 concrete details 如 "one of the only two low emission zones",这提供了 specific evidence 支持 Glasgow 已经具备的 foundation。Quote 结尾的 "make us net zero before anyone else" 展现了 competitive ambition,强化了文章主旨中 "first carbon-neutral city" 的 pioneering positioning。这个来自 business leader 的 quote 与前面的 government official quote 形成呼应,体现了主旨中提到的 partnership approach。

    信号词 Speaking ahead of Speaking at Speaking to In a statement At the conference During the event In remarks Addressing

    仿写: 在报道 public-private partnerships 时,corporate executive 的 quote 应该补充 government official quote 未涵盖的 practical dimension。选择包含 tangible assets("supply of renewable energy")和 competitive positioning("before anyone else")的表达。仿写模版:Speaking at/ahead of [场合],[公司职位] + [姓名] + said/noted:"We have [现有资源/优势]. Now, we need to [具体行动] and [目标成果]." 比如:"The CEO stated: 'We possess the necessary infrastructure and expertise. Now, we must deploy these assets to achieve carbon neutrality ahead of schedule.'"

  • 数据引用

    P1 P3

    文章提到 "2045" 这个具体的 national target year,以及 "one of the only two low emission zones" 这个 quantified fact。这些 numerical references 为 Glasgow's initiative 提供了 measurable context。"2045" 这个 deadline 说明 Glasgow 想要 "ahead of" 这个 timeline,突出了其 ambitious nature。"one of the only two" 这个表达既 quantifies Glasgow 的 current achievement,又通过 "only" 暗示这个 accomplishment 的 rarity,增强了城市的 pioneering credentials,直接支撑文章主旨中 "first carbon-neutral city" 的 claim。

    信号词 2045 ahead of first only two one of by before within

    仿写: 在写作 initiative-focused news 时,要 strategically place numbers 来建立 urgency 和 distinctiveness。使用 year dates 来 create timeline tension("ahead of the 20XX target"),用 "one of the only/few" structure 来 highlight exclusivity。仿写模版:[Initiative] aims to achieve [goal] ahead of the [specific year] target, leveraging [quantified asset/achievement]. 比如:"The program targets 50% reduction by 2030, five years ahead of the national 2035 deadline, utilizing one of the three advanced facilities in the region."

  • 背景交代

    P1

    Opening paragraph 开篇就交代了 "Glasgow has pledged to become the first carbon neutral city in the UK",这个 declarative statement 直接点明 initiative 的 nature 和 significance。紧接着说明是 "council and ScottishPower" 的 joint effort,并且目的是 "ahead of the new national target"。这种 background-setting 为整篇报道搭建了 foundational framework,让后续的 quotes 和 details 都有了 anchoring context。通过在 opening 就揭示 key players(council + ScottishPower)和 timeline(ahead of 2045),读者立即理解这是一个 public-private partnership 的 ambitious initiative,完美对应文章主旨。

    信号词 has pledged announced aims to plans to committed to launched unveiled introduced

    仿写: 在起草 news opening 时,采用 "[Subject] has [action verb] to [goal/achievement]" 的结构,然后立即补充 key stakeholders 和 timeline。把 superlative claims("first"、"leading")放在 early position 来 grab attention。仿写模版:[City/Organization] has pledged/announced to become the [superlative descriptor] in [scope], with [stakeholders] implementing [strategies] ahead of/by [timeline]. 比如:"Manchester has committed to becoming the greenest city in Europe, with local government and energy providers launching initiatives before the 2040 EU deadline."

  • 客观描述

    P3

    文章在第三段使用 factual description:"We have a large supply of renewable energy on our doorstep and one of the only two low emission zones in action"。这种描述避免了 subjective evaluation,而是陈述 observable facts 关于 Glasgow 的 existing resources 和 infrastructure。这种 objective tone 是 news reporting 的 hallmark,让信息传递保持 neutral 和 credible。通过客观列举 tangible assets(renewable energy supply、low emission zones),文章为 Glasgow's ambition 提供了 factual foundation,让 "first carbon-neutral city" 的目标显得不是 empty promise 而是 grounded in reality。

    信号词 have possess are equipped with currently in place available existing operational

    仿写: 在描述 initiative's foundation 时,focus on tangible assets 和 measurable conditions,用 "have"、"possess"、"are equipped with" 等 neutral verbs。避免 "excellent"、"outstanding" 这类 evaluative terms,改用 quantifiers("large supply"、"two zones")让 facts speak for themselves。仿写模版:[Organization] has/possesses [quantified resource] and [specific infrastructure/capability] currently in operation/place. 比如:"The region has three hydroelectric plants and advanced grid infrastructure currently operational."

  • 对比手法

    P1 P3

    文章通过 temporal contrast 建立叙事张力:Glasgow 的 initiative 要在 "2045 national target" 之前("ahead of")达成目标,并且目标是成为 "first" carbon-neutral city。第三段 Anderson 的话中 "Now, we need to invest" 这个 "Now" 创造了 present vs. future 的对比,暗示从 current foundation(renewable energy、emission zones)到 future goal(net zero)之间需要 transformation。这种 before/after、current/future 的 temporal structuring 强化了 urgency 和 progressive narrative,让读者感受到这是一个 time-sensitive、forward-moving initiative,呼应主旨中 "before Scotland's 2045 target" 的 timeline pressure。

    信号词 ahead of before first only Now while compared to unlike rather than instead of

    仿写: 在写作 initiative reports 时,strategically place contrasting elements 来 amplify significance。Use "ahead of"、"before" 来 create timeline contrast,用 "first"、"only" 来 establish exclusivity contrast。Structure quotes 或 sentences 用 "Now we have X, now we need Y" pattern 来显示 progression。仿写模版:[Achievement/Plan] ahead of/before [benchmark], positioning [subject] as first/among the few to [accomplishment]. Now, [next action] will [future outcome]. 比如:"The initiative targets completion by 2028, two years before the industry standard, making the company the first in the sector to achieve full automation. Now, additional investment will accelerate implementation."

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

3 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 强调先行者优势与竞争意识

    P3
    make us net zero before anyone else

    时间对比类 before anyone else ahead of first the first to earlier than prior to in advance of

    这个 phrase 'before anyone else' 表面上是说 Glasgow 要在其他城市之前 achieve net zero,但它的 subtext 是强调 competitive edge 和 leadership ambition。ScottishPower 的 CEO 通过这个表达 convey 了三层意思:一是 Glasgow 有能力成为 pioneer,二是存在 implicit competition among UK cities,三是 being first 本身就是 strategic goal。这对文章主旨的 value 在于:它不仅仅是 stating a target,而是 revealing the competitive mindset 和 ambition behind the pledge,让读者理解这不只是 environmental commitment,更是关于 city branding 和 leadership positioning 的 strategic move。这种 implied competitiveness 增强了整个 initiative 的 urgency 和 significance。

  • 委婉暗示现有进展的不足

    P3
    Now, we need to invest in the technologies and programmes that transform the rest of Glasgow's economy

    转折类+情态词组合 Now, we need to Now it's time to We must now The next step is to What remains is Still need to Further efforts are needed

    这个 statement 'Now, we need to invest...' 的 surface meaning 是描述 next steps,但它的 implication 是承认 current renewable energy supply 和 low emission zones 虽然重要,但 far from sufficient to achieve net zero。'The rest of Glasgow's economy' 这个表达特别关键,它暗示 majority of the economy 还没有 transformed。这个 implied acknowledgment of insufficiency 对文章主旨的 role 非常重要:它 adds realism 和 credibility to the pledge。Instead of painting an overly optimistic picture,这个 subtext 让 readers 明白 achieving the goal 需要 substantial additional effort,这反而 strengthens the seriousness 和 authenticity of the commitment。它 balances the ambitious announcement with practical awareness of challenges ahead。

  • 强调合作必要性暗示单方力量不足

    P2
    Reaching our goals will need exactly this kind of partnership approach—with government, business, local authorities and citizens all playing their part

    强调词+限定类 exactly this kind of partnership approach exactly this kind of precisely this type of this is exactly what we need requires collaboration joint effort collective action

    First Minister Sturgeon 的这个 statement 表面上是 welcoming and praising the partnership,但 underlying message 是 no single actor—not government alone, not business alone—has sufficient capacity to achieve net zero。'All playing their part' 这个 phrase 特别揭示:责任是 distributed because capability is limited。对文章主旨的 significance 在于:它 reframes the carbon neutrality goal from a top-down government mandate 到 a collective societal challenge,这既 shares responsibility 也 implicitly acknowledges the scale of difficulty。这个 subtext 为整个 initiative 建立了 realistic expectation framework,同时也为 potential challenges 提供了 built-in explanation:如果 goal is not met,可以说 某个 stakeholder didn't play their part。这是 politically astute framing that manages expectations while maintaining ambition。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立( Objective and Detached Reporting)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 扫描导语动词 P1

    新闻报道里,作者态度最先暴露的地方就是lead paragraph,如果只出现pledged/announced这类neutral verb,说明这是纯粹的事件陈述,还没有夹带主观evaluation。

  2. 剥离引语与叙述 P2 P3

    新闻报道最典型的手法就是借quoted speech来推进叙事,如果positive或negative评价都锁在quotation marks里,说明作者本人保持了distance,只是messenger而不是judge。

  3. 排查叙述性评价词 P1 P2 P3

    新闻报道追求balanced tone,如果作者的叙述从头到尾都不带情绪化修饰语,说明它刻意维持了journalistic objectivity,没有替读者做判断。

  4. 三步定调综述 P1 P2 P3

    作者全程扮演一个transmitter角色,把政府First Minister和企业CEO的官方声音原样传递给读者,自己不加褒贬,这正是hard news report里最标准的客观中立写法。

文中的态度信号词

  • pledged P1

    pledged只是纯粹描述一个performative action,作者如实report Glasgow做出的承诺,没有配上boldly或finally这种judgmental modifier,体现了fact-first的写法。

    同类词 committed vowed promised announced

  • welcomed P2

    welcomed是作者用来转述Nicola Sturgeon对pledge的reaction,表面带一点positive色彩,但其实只是third-person attribution,转达的是信源的态度,不是author本人的评价。

    同类词 praised criticized condemned endorsed

  • very welcome step P2

    这句strong positive evaluation完全被quotation marks锁住,是Sturgeon自己说的话,作者只是完整地quote了这句话,没有在narrative里重复或加强这种评价,说明作者保持了arm's length的距离。

    同类词 welcome step positive move great progress significant milestone

  • Speaking ahead of P3

    这种时间地点交代性短语纯粹是context-setting language,作者只是给发言者的话搭一个背景框架,不带任何emotional loading,是hard news里典型的objective scaffolding。

    同类词 speaking ahead of speaking at in an interview with during a press conference

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇新闻报道

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇新闻报道?

  1. 首段陈述具体事件 P1

    第一段出现了 'Glasgow has pledged' 和 'announced a range of strategies',这是典型的 news announcement structure,直接陈述 factual event,而议论文会先提出 argument 或 viewpoint,说明文会先给出 definition 或 general introduction。

  2. 引用权威人士原话 P2 P3

    第二段和第三段分别引用了 First Minister Nicola Sturgeon 和 ScottishPower chief executive Keith Anderson 的 direct speech,使用 'said' 和 reporting verbs,这是 journalistic objectivity 的体现。议论文会用作者自己的 reasoning 来支撑观点,说明文则用 facts 和 data 来解释概念,都不会大量使用 direct quotations from named sources。

  3. 提供事件背景信息 P1 P3

    文中提到了 'ahead of the new national target of 2045'、'ahead of the All Energy Conference being held in Glasgow'、'one of the only two low emission zones in action across the UK',这些都是 contextual details,为 main announcement 提供 temporal 和 spatial framework。议论文的 supporting details 是为了 strengthen argument,说明文的 details 是为了 explain concept,而新闻的 details 是为了 complete the factual picture。

  4. 客观中立的语气 P1 P2 P3

    整篇文章使用 declarative sentences 陈述 facts,没有 evaluative language 或 subjective commentary,也没有 instructional language 或 explanatory frameworks。Verbs 如 'pledged'、'announced'、'welcomed'、'said' 都是 neutral reporting verbs,没有 'should'、'must' 等 prescriptive language,也没有 'is defined as'、'consists of' 等 explanatory language。这种 neutral presentation of events 是新闻的 hallmark。

哪些词暴露了新闻报道体裁?

  • announced P1 新闻发布动词 pledged said welcomed
  • Today's announcement P2 即时性时间标记 ahead of being held
  • First Minister Nicola Sturgeon P2 权威消息源标识 ScottishPower chief executive Keith Anderson Glasgow City Council ScottishPower
  • Glasgow P1 地点主体标识 the UK Glasgow City Council All Energy Conference
  • has pledged P1 新近事实时态 have announced being held
  • Speaking ahead of the All Energy Conference P3 新闻场景语境 welcomed the pledge said
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

1 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 的常见问题

2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的主旨是什么?
格拉斯哥旨在通过市议会与苏格兰电力公司的合作成为英国首个碳中和城市,实施减排策略以赶在苏格兰2045年目标之前达成,并利用可再生能源和低排放区。(英文表述:Glasgow aims to become the UK's first carbon-neutral city through a partnership between the city council and ScottishPower, implementing strategies to reduce emissions before Scotland's 2045 target, leveraging renewable energy and low-emission zones.)
2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为新闻报道,作者立场是客观中立(Objective and Detached Reporting)。CEFR 难度 C1,全文 155 词、3 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,C1 级共 163 篇(占 32%)。
2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按新闻报道骨架分为 3 个意群:第1段——格拉斯哥碳中和目标宣布;第2段——政府首脑官方背书;第3段——企业方实施细节阐述。
2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(Objective and Detached Reporting)。判断路径:扫描导语动词 → 剥离引语与叙述 → 排查叙述性评价词 → 三步定调综述;文中的态度信号词包括 pledged(第1段)、welcomed(第2段)、very welcome step(第2段)、Speaking ahead of(第3段)。
2021年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section A (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:pledge(承诺;保证(做某事))、emission(排放(物))、doorstep(门阶;(比喻)家门口,近在咫尺的地方),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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