2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2)
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2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2)

议论文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇议论文全文 241 词、4 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语四级文章中占 46%),作者立场为「客观中立」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

4 段英文原文

以下为2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 的听力原文,共 4 段。左侧 P1–P4 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Today, many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male. Obviously, the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality.

Why useless? A team of researchers from the University of Basel published their new study about people's attitudes towards diversity at work. They found that people have a wide range of opinions concerning diversity. On the one hand, many see value in diversity, which can contribute a variety of perspectives, encourage new ideas, and generate innovative solutions. On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views, speaks a different language, or has a different style of work.

The actual value they attribute to diversity depends on the decision-making perspective. Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected. In other words, when a person's own work group is involved, they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves. But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team. These findings could help organizations become more diverse. Companies need to pay attention to who makes hiring and team decisions.

These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group's daily work should also take part.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

4 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Diversity Reality Gap

    Corporate diversity claims have not been reflected in managerial reality.

    这一段承担 introduction 的功能,通过“企业说重视、现实却未改变”的 contradiction 提出全文问题;它为后文解释 why diversity efforts fail,以及如何改进 decision-making 铺垫了逻辑起点。

    宣传与现实的反差
  2. P2

    Mixed Attitudes toward Diversity

    People see both the benefits and the practical challenges of workplace diversity.

    本段为文章的核心问题提供心理层面的 explanation:企业未实现 diversity,不是因为人们完全反对它,而是因为他们在认可其价值的同时,也顾虑 daily cooperation 的成本;这一矛盾为第三段的“不同决策视角”埋下伏笔。

    利弊两面并列
  3. P3

    Decision Perspective Shapes Diversity Choices

    Personal involvement makes people favor similar teammates, whereas distance encourages more diverse team choices.

    这一段是全文的 argumentative core,它具体解释了 第1段 中“多元化未落地”的原因,并把 第2段 的普遍态度分歧推进为可验证的 behavioral pattern;同时,它直接导向全文主旨中的解决方向,即调整 hiring 和 team decisions 的决策者构成。

    自身受影响就偏向同类
  4. P4

    A Broader Decision-Making Process

    Hiring and team decisions should include people who are not directly affected by daily group work.

    本段是全文的 conclusion,也是对第三段研究发现的直接回应;它把“直接受影响者偏爱同类”的发现转化为可操作的 corporate solution,因而完整落实了文章主旨中“让非直接受影响者参与招聘和组队决策”的建议。

    引入非直接利益相关者
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

4 道逐段细节自检题

针对2022年6月英语四级真题第1套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 current statistics large corporations

    What do current statistics suggest about diversity efforts in large American corporations?

    • A Most large corporations have removed diversity statements from their websites.
    • B American managers are becoming increasingly diverse in both race and gender.
    • C Public commitments to diversity have not yet been reflected in the actual composition of management.
    • D Corporate diversity programs are mainly designed for male employees.
    • E Statistics have persuaded corporations to stop making diversity commitments.
    • F Managers are chosen primarily because they can create innovative solutions.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    正确项完整保留了原文的对照逻辑:一端是公开的 public commitments,另一端是管理层的 actual composition。not yet been reflected 对应 has not translated into corporate reality,属于同义改写而非原词复现。management 也准确承接 typical manager 的现实样本。障碍在于题干问 statistics suggest,正确项不重复 statistics,而是要求考生由白人男性仍占典型管理者这一事实推出承诺尚未兑现的结论。

    承诺现实对照 时间极紧时,直接扫描 current statistics 这个低频证据短语,立即命中 第1段。不要逐项翻译六个选项;改用“反差压缩法”:把定位处压缩成“公开表述 vs 现实构成”,然后只检查 正确项 是否同时保留两端及其未兑现关系。其余选项只要缺一端、反转方向或新增因果,立即排除。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 diversity at work innovative solutions

    What concern do some people have about diversity at work?

    • A Diverse teams are unable to contribute a variety of perspectives.
    • B People from different backgrounds refuse to share new ideas.
    • C Only employees who speak different languages value diversity.
    • D Working with colleagues who differ greatly in views, language, or work style may be difficult.
    • E Innovative solutions can be generated only by managers with similar work styles.
    • F Diversity makes it unnecessary for team members to make decisions.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    正确项逐项对应原文列举的 completely different views、different language 和 different style of work,并保留 may be difficult 的不确定语气。colleagues 是 someone 的自然具体化,没有改变对象。障碍在于原文前半段大量出现 value、new ideas、innovative solutions 等积极词,考生若只按主题词扫描,容易误选好处而忽略题干 concern 要求的负面信息。

    转折后验语气 先抓题干的 concern,而非先抓 diversity。把 concern 快速替换为 difficulty、doubt 这一负向语义场,再在 第2段 中寻找转折信号 On the other hand 后的并列细节。随后只做“语气校验”:正确项必须保留 may 这类可能性,并覆盖合作困难;带有 unable、refuse、only 等绝对化词的选项可优先删除。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 own work group tend to prefer

    When their own work group is involved, what kind of team members do people tend to prefer?

    • A They tend to prefer members who can speak several different languages.
    • B They typically choose the most diverse team possible.
    • C They prefer members who are not directly affected by daily work.
    • D They avoid making any hiring and team decisions.
    • E They tend to prefer members who are similar to themselves.
    • F They select members mainly for their ability to generate innovative solutions.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    正确项几乎完整保留原文的条件结果:题干已经给出 own work group involved,选项准确承接 tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves。similar to themselves 是核心比较关系,不能被“能力更强”或“背景更多样”替换。障碍在于同段后文有 more diverse team,命题人借此制造同一主题下的相反结论;关键区别不在 team,而在决策是否涉及自己。

    所有格分叉 本题最快的方法是把 own 视作唯一的“分叉词”。扫描到 own work group 后,直接命中 第3段;接着不通读全段,只执行“就近谓语回收”:从该条件后寻找 tend to prefer 的宾语,并用其与 正确项 对照。看到 diverse team 时先暂停,因为它虽词面相关,却需先核对是否仍处于题干条件之内。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 should also take part group's daily work

    Who should also take part in hiring and team decisions?

    • A Only those directly affected by the group's daily work.
    • B Employees who are most similar to the existing team members.
    • C Corporate website designers who stress the importance of diversity.
    • D Researchers who published the study on attitudes towards diversity.
    • E Managers who can generate innovative solutions for the company.
    • F People who are not directly involved in the group's daily work.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    正确项准确复现结论中的新增参与者,并完整保留 not directly involved、group's daily work 两个限制条件。它回答 Who,给出的是人员范围而不是一个抽象原则。障碍在于 directly involved 是显眼词,考生容易忽略 not 的否定,误选恰好相反的群体;此外,上一段的 directly affected 也会诱发把“受影响程度”与“参与日常工作”混同。

    否定词验身份 紧张时先扫 should also,而不必先扫较长的 hiring and team decisions;它会直接将你带到 第4段 的建议句。随后采用“词性排除法”:题干问 Who,先删去不是人物群体的选项;再对剩余人员选项逐字核验否定词 not。只有 正确项 同时满足“新增参与者”和“非日常直接参与者”两个限制。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

4 个意群的议论文骨架

按议论文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引言 P1

    企业多元化理想与现实的落差

    这个 opening paragraph 通过 contrast 手法指出了一个 phenomenon:尽管 large corporations 在 websites 上 emphasize diversity 的 importance,但 current statistics 却显示 typical manager 仍然是 white and male,从而揭示出 desire 和 corporate reality 之间存在 gap

    这个 introductory section 通过呈现 corporations 声称 value diversity 但实际 hiring practices 却未能 reflect 这一 commitment 的 contradiction,为后文探讨 why this gap exists 以及 how to achieve genuine diversity 奠定了 foundation

    提出问题现象
  2. 分论点 P2

    人们对多元化态度的矛盾性

    这个 body paragraph 通过 cite research findings from University of Basel 来 explain 为什么 diversity gap exists。研究发现 people 对 diversity 持有 contradictory attitudes:一方面认可 diverse perspectives 和 innovative solutions 的 value,另一方面又 worry about practical difficulties in working with different people

    这个 supporting section 通过 present research evidence 来 explain the psychological roots 为什么 corporations 虽然 claim to value diversity 却难以 implement it:因为 people 在 cognitive level 就存在 ambivalence,既 appreciate diversity 的 benefits 又 fear 其 challenges,这为后文提出 solution 提供了 theoretical basis

    揭示矛盾心理
  3. 分论点 P3

    决策视角对多元化选择的影响及解决方案

    这个 paragraph 将前一段的 general attitudes 具体化为 behavioral patterns:研究发现 people 在为 own work group 做决策时 prefer similar team members,但为 others 决策时会 assemble more diverse teams。基于这个 finding,段落提出了 practical solution:companies 需要让 not directly affected 的人参与 hiring and team decisions

    这个 critical paragraph 既 deepen 了对 problem 的 understanding(从 attitudes 到 actual decision-making behavior),又 bridge 了 problem 和 solution:通过揭示 decision-making perspective 如何 influence diversity outcomes,它 logically leads to the solution 即让 uninvolved parties 参与 decisions,这直接 support 主旨中关于 achieving genuine diversity 的 approach

    提供解决路径
  4. 结论 P4

    决策主体的扩展性建议

    这个 concluding segment 通过 reinforcing 和 expanding 前段的 solution 来 close the argument:强调 decisions 不应 only be made by directly affected people,而应包括 not directly involved in daily work 的人。这个 brief conclusion 通过 emphatic restatement 来 drive home the key recommendation

    这个 final section 通过 concise restatement 和 emphasis 来 crystallize the central recommendation,确保 readers 清楚记住 achieving genuine diversity 的 key mechanism 即 involve uninvolved parties in decisions。虽然 brief,但它完成了 argumentative closure 的 function,让整个 argument 有 definitive ending

    强化关键建议
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首段对比定问题 P1

    议论文的 first paragraph 经常通过 contrast structure 来 establish the topic 和 reveal the problem。这篇文章用 'stress the importance' 和 'has not translated into reality' 形成 stark contrast,直接点出 diversity claim 与 actual practice 之间的 gap,这是 argumentative essay 常见的 problem-setting technique

  2. 研究揭示行为悖论 P2 P3

    议论文通常会引入 research 或 study 来 support its argument。这篇文章在 第2段 和 第3段 详细展开了 University of Basel 的 research findings,揭示了 people's contradictory attitudes:value diversity in theory but prefer similarity in practice。这种 behavioral paradox 正是 explaining 第一段提出的 discrepancy,是 argumentative core

  3. 结尾方案指方向 P3 P4

    议论文在 established the problem 和 explained the cause 之后,通常会 propose solutions 或 recommendations。第3段 末尾和 第4段 出现 'could help organizations' 和 'should not only be made by' 这些 prescriptive expressions,提出了 structural solution:让 not directly affected 的人参与 hiring decisions。这个 solution 直接 addresses the behavioral paradox,是 culmination of the argument

  4. 三段论贯穿全文 P1 P2 P3 P4

    议论文主旨不是某个 isolated point,而是 complete logical chain。这篇文章的 chain 是:diversity gap exists(problem)→ people prefer homogeneity when self-interested(explanation)→ outsiders should make hiring decisions(solution)。Understanding 这个 three-part structure 能确保 grasp the full thesis,而不是 partial understanding

主旨信号词 but P1 obviously P1 found that P2 On the one hand... On the other hand P2 could help P3 need to P3 not only... also P4

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

尽管企业声称重视多样性,研究表明人们在直接受影响时倾向于选择同质化团队,但为他人决策时会选择多元化团队。要实现真正的职场多样性,招聘决策应由不直接受日常团队动态影响的人员参与。
While corporations claim to value diversity, research shows people prefer homogeneous teams when directly affected but choose diverse teams for others. To achieve genuine workplace diversity, hiring decisions should involve individuals not directly impacted by daily team dynamics.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • translate 转化、转变(为)

    现在我们把三条 clues 串起来看。首先,sentence 的 logic 告诉我们需要一个表达「从愿望到现实的转化」的 verb;其次,构词法告诉我们 trans- prefix 本身就带有「跨越转移」的 semantic feature;最后,translate into 这个 collocation 进一步确认了「转变成某种状态」的 meaning。三条 clues 相互印证,指向同一个 conclusion:这个 word 表示把某种 form 或 state 转换成另一种 form 或 state。

    动词的三维定位推断法
  • perspective 视角、观点、看法

    让我们 synthesize 这些 clues。第2段 的 parallel structure 告诉我们 perspective 是 diversity 贡献的、能产生 new ideas 的 mental elements;第3段 的 contrast 明确指出不同的 perspective 会导致不同的 decisions;构词法分析揭示这个 word 和「看」的 action 密切相关。把这些 pieces 拼在一起,我们可以得出:perspective 指的是「看问题的角度或方式」,不同的人从不同的 angles 观察同一个 issue,就会形成不同的 perspectives,进而做出不同的 judgments。

    抽象名词的功能反推法
  • attribute 把…归因于、认为…具有

    现在我们 integrate 这三个 perspectives。动宾关系分析显示人们通过 attribute 这个 action 让 diversity 获得了 value;构词法告诉我们这个 word 包含「给予分配」的 semantic feature;修饰语分析强调这是一个 subjective assignment 而非 objective recognition。综合来看,attribute 应该是「把某种 quality 或 characteristic 赋予给某个 object」的意思,在这个 context 中就是人们把某种 value judgment assign 给 diversity。

    及物动词的三点定位法
  • practicability 可行性、实用性

    让我们把这些 clues 串联起来。搭配分析告诉我们这是可以被 doubt 的 feasibility-related concept;morphology 非常 straightforward 地指向「可实践性」;跨段落分析显示这个 abstract noun 是对前文具体 practical difficulties 的 summarization。三条线索 converge 到同一个 meaning:practicability 就是某个 idea 或 approach 在 real-world implementation 中的 feasibility。

    ability类抽象名词的分层解构法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 对比论证

    P1

    第一段通过 contrast 呈现了 corporations 在 website 上 stress diversity 与 current statistics 显示 typical manager 仍是 white and male 的鲜明对比。这种 gap between claim and reality 直接点明了文章的 central issue,即 desire 没有转化为 corporate reality,为后文分析 why diversity fails 奠定了 critical foundation。

    信号词 but however yet while whereas in contrast on the contrary nevertheless nonetheless

    仿写: 写作时可以采用"理想 vs 现实"的 framework:先描述 official stance 或 stated goal,然后用 but/however 引出 actual situation。模版可以是:'While X claims/emphasizes [ideal state], the reality shows/reveals [contrasting fact]. Obviously, [conclusion about the gap].' 这种 structure 能让 opening paragraph 立刻 grab reader's attention。

  • 对比论证

    P2

    第二段通过 'On the one hand... On the other hand' 的 structure 展现了 people 对 diversity 的 dual perspectives。一方面认为 diversity 能 contribute variety of perspectives 和 generate innovative solutions,另一方面担心 difficult to work with 不同背景的人。这种 balanced presentation 揭示了 diversity paradox 的本质,为第三段解释 decision-making perspective 的影响做了 logical preparation。

    信号词 on the one hand... on the other hand while... also although... yet despite... however conversely by contrast alternatively

    仿写: 采用 'On the one hand... On the other hand' 的 balanced structure 来 present conflicting viewpoints。模版:'On the one hand, many [positive evaluation/benefit]. On the other hand, they [concern/drawback].' 这种 format 特别适合 explore complex issues,展现 author 的 objective analysis 而非 one-sided argument。注意两边的 content 要 roughly equal in weight。

  • 因果论证

    P3

    第三段用 causal logic 解释了 diversity preference 的 underlying mechanism。通过 'depends on... if... when... But when' 的 reasoning chain,说明了 decision-making perspective 如何 determine diversity attitudes:当 directly affected 时 prefer similar members,当 make decisions for others 时 choose diverse teams。这个 cause-effect relationship 是文章的 theoretical core,directly supports 最后的 solution about who should make hiring decisions。

    信号词 depends on because since as a result consequently therefore thus leads to results in due to if... then

    仿写: 构建因果论证时要 establish clear causal chain:先提出 determining factor ('depends on X'),然后用 conditional structures ('if/when Y, then Z') 来 elaborate mechanism。模版:'The actual [outcome] depends on [factor]. If [condition A], [result A]. But when [condition B], [result B]. These findings suggest [implication].' 注意 use conditional sentences 和 result clauses 来 strengthen logical flow。

  • 因果论证

    P3

    第三段末尾通过 'These findings could help' 建立了从 research findings 到 practical solutions 的 causal link。说明了理解 decision-making bias 这个 cause 如何能 lead to organizational change 这个 effect,即 'Companies need to pay attention to who makes decisions'。这个 cause-effect reasoning 将 theoretical analysis 转化为 actionable recommendation,是文章从 problem identification 到 solution proposal 的 logical transition。

    信号词 could help can lead to will result in may cause enables allows makes it possible contributes to brings about

    仿写: 用 'These findings/results could/can [outcome]' 的 structure 来 connect analysis to implications。模版:'These findings could help [stakeholder] [achieve goal]. [Stakeholder] need to [specific action based on the finding].' 这种 pattern 特别适合在 present research results 后 transition to practical applications,让 academic insights 转化为 real-world solutions。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 企业多元化承诺与现实的巨大差距

    P1
    many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites, but current statistics show that the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male

    转折类 but however yet nevertheless nonetheless still though

    这个 implication 通过 but 这个转折 signal 揭示出:虽然 corporations 在 websites 上 stress diversity importance,但 statistical reality 显示 typical managers 仍然是 white and male。言外之意是企业的 diversity commitment 只停留在 superficial level 的 PR statement,并未 transform into actual practice。这对 main argument 的作用是 establish 文章的 central problem,为后文 explain why diversity initiatives fail 以及 propose solutions 奠定 foundation。它 highlight 了理想与现实的 gap,使读者 recognize 需要深入 explore 背后的 causes。

  • 多元化的双面性认知

    P2
    On the one hand, many see value in diversity... On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views

    对比类 On the one hand... On the other hand on the one hand... on the other hand some... others while whereas in contrast conversely

    这个 implication 通过 on the one hand/on the other hand 的 contrastive structure 揭示:人们对 diversity 有 contradictory perceptions,既 appreciate 其能 contribute variety of perspectives 和 generate innovative solutions,又 worry 与 completely different 的人 work together might be difficult。言外之意是人们对 diversity 的态度是 conflicted 和 ambivalent 的,这种 psychological tension 解释了为什么 diversity 虽然被 advocate 却难以 implement。对 thesis 的贡献是 identify 问题的 psychological dimension,为后文 explain decision-making biases 提供 cognitive basis。

  • 决策者角色对多元化态度的影响

    P3
    when a person's own work group is involved, they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves. But when people make decisions for others, they typically put together a more diverse team

    对比类 But when but when when... however while whereas in contrast, when on the contrary, if

    这个 implication 通过 conditional contrast 揭示出:当 decision involves 自己的 work group 时,人们 prefer similar team members;但当为 others make decisions 时,却 typically choose more diverse teams。言外之意是人们对 diversity 的 support 是 context-dependent 和 self-serving 的,存在明显的 NIMBYism(Not In My Backyard)现象。这对 main thesis 至关重要,因为它 pinpoint 了 diversity initiatives 失败的 root cause:不是人们不认可 diversity value,而是当 personally affected 时会 prioritize comfort 和 similarity。这个 insight 直接 lead to 文章的 solution proposal。

  • 决策权分配是多元化的关键

    P4
    These decisions should not only be made by those directly affected. People who are not directly involved in the group's daily work should also take part.

    委婉表达 should not only... should also should not only... but also should also it would be advisable to it is necessary to ought to need to

    这个 implication 通过 should not only... should also 的 structure 传递出:决策不应 solely 由 directly affected 的人 make,还应 include not directly involved 的 people。言外之意是当前的 hiring 和 team formation decisions 被 in-group members monopolize,这种 decision-making structure 本身就是 diversity failure 的 institutional cause。作者通过 propose procedural solution,implicit 地指出需要 structural reform 来 counteract individual bias。这是文章的 culminating insight,directly address 如何 translate diversity commitment into reality,完成了从 problem identification 到 solution proposal 的 logical progression。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立( Objective and constructive)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段矛盾陈述 P1

    议论文的首段常常抛出problem或者contradiction,作者会借助adverb比如"Obviously"来暗示自己的stance,这是判断attitude的第一个突破口。

  2. 双面观点呈现 P2 P3

    议论文中如果作者用平衡的句式呈现pros and cons,说明作者此时保持neutral,没有强行push一个结论,而是让data说话。

  3. 结尾建议句式 P3 P4

    议论文常常在结尾给出solution或者suggestion,如果作者用should/need to这样的normative语气,说明作者态度带有constructive、建议性的倾向,而不是单纯批判。

  4. 三段式态度综合 P1 P2 P3 P4

    这种"提出问题-呈现数据-给出建议"的三段式结构,是议论文中典型的客观分析型文章,作者没有使用强烈的emotional language来指责企业,而是依靠research data说话,所以态度类型属于客观中立而非消极批判。

文中的态度信号词

  • Obviously P1

    "Obviously"出现在段尾的结论句里,表示作者在陈述fact之后主动加入自己的judgment,暗示diversity口号和corporate reality之间存在明显的gap,这是作者态度的第一个直接signal。

    同类词 Clearly Evidently Undoubtedly It is obvious that

  • On the one hand...On the other hand P2

    这一组连接词让作者同时呈现diversity的positive value(perspectives, innovation)和negative concern(difficult to work with),体现出作者没有一边倒地表态,而是尊重research data的complexity,这是典型的客观中立signal。

    同类词 on the one hand...on the other hand while whereas however but

  • should P4

    "should"出现在文章最后一段,用来表达作者对decision-making process的具体建议,即hiring和team决策不应该只由directly affected的人来做,这体现出作者态度从单纯reporting转向active recommendation,带有一定的constructive色彩。

    同类词 need to ought to must have to

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇议论文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇议论文?

  1. 寻找矛盾或问题陈述 P1

    第1段 直接 point out 了一个 contradiction:corporations stress diversity,但 statistics show 现实中 managers 仍然是 white and male。这种 gap between ideal and reality 是典型的 argumentative starting point,说明文会直接 explain diversity 是什么,新闻报道会 focus on recent events 而非 underlying issues。

  2. 呈现对立观点 P2

    第2段 明确 layout 了 two contrasting views:on the one hand people see value in diversity,on the other hand they assume difficulties。这种 deliberate presentation of opposing opinions 是 argumentation 的 core feature。说明文会 focus on explaining one concept,新闻报道会 report what happened 而不会 systematically present opposing attitudes。

  3. 分析因果关系 P3

    第3段 使用了 depends on、because、in other words、these findings could help 等 analytical language 来 explain the psychological mechanism behind diversity decisions。这种 cause-and-effect reasoning 和 interpretation of data 是 argumentation 的 key element。说明文会 describe how something works,新闻会 report what was said or done,都不会像这样 deeply analyze motivations。

  4. 提出行动建议 P4

    第4段 直接给出 prescriptive statements:decisions should not only be made by those affected,people not directly involved should also take part。这种 should 的 normative language 和 actionable suggestions 是 argumentation 的 typical ending。说明文的 conclusion 会 recap key points,新闻报道会 end with latest updates 或 quotes,都不会像这样 advocate for specific actions。

  5. 四要素结构完整性 P1 P2 P3 P4

    这篇文章完整展现了 argumentation 的 four elements:第1段 establish the problem of diversity gap,第2段 present contrasting attitudes,第3段 analyze the psychological causes,第4段 propose solutions。这种 problem-analysis-solution pattern 加上 multiple perspectives 的 integration,是 argumentative discourse 的 defining characteristic。

哪些词暴露了议论文体裁?

  • Obviously P1 立场表态词 Clearly Evidently Undoubtedly Certainly It is clear that
  • On the one hand ... On the other hand P2 论证逻辑连接词 While ... yet Although ... nevertheless Some argue ... others contend Proponents claim ... Critics argue In favor of ... Against this
  • In other words P3 论证逻辑连接词 That is to say To put it differently This means that Put simply To be more specific
  • These findings could help P3 观点引导词 This suggests that This implies that It can be argued that The evidence points to This indicates that
  • need to P3 立场表态词 should must ought to have to it is essential that
  • should not only ... should also P4 立场表态词 should not only ... but also not only ... but also not merely ... but rather than ... we should instead of ... we ought to
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

12 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 的常见问题

2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的主旨是什么?
尽管企业声称重视多样性,研究表明人们在直接受影响时倾向于选择同质化团队,但为他人决策时会选择多元化团队。要实现真正的职场多样性,招聘决策应由不直接受日常团队动态影响的人员参与。(英文表述:While corporations claim to value diversity, research shows people prefer homogeneous teams when directly affected but choose diverse teams for others. To achieve genuine workplace diversity, hiring decisions should involve individuals not directly impacted by daily team dynamics.)
2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为议论文,作者立场是客观中立(Objective and constructive)。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 241 词、4 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 234 篇(占 46%)。
2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 4 段按议论文骨架分为 4 个意群:引言 · 第1段——企业多元化理想与现实的落差;分论点 · 第2段——人们对多元化态度的矛盾性;分论点 · 第3段——决策视角对多元化选择的影响及解决方案;结论 · 第4段——决策主体的扩展性建议。
2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(Objective and constructive)。判断路径:首段矛盾陈述 → 双面观点呈现 → 结尾建议句式 → 三段式态度综合;文中的态度信号词包括 Obviously(第1段)、On the one hand...On the other hand(第2段)、should(第4段)。
2022年6月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:translate(转化、转变(为))、perspective(视角、观点、看法)、attribute(把…归因于、认为…具有)、practicability(可行性、实用性),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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