2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1)
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2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1)

对话 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇对话全文 290 词、13 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语四级文章中占 46%);英文原文之外,本篇已有的 6 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

13 段英文原文

以下为2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 的听力原文,由懒笔记按试卷原文逐段核对收录,共 13 段。左侧 P1–P13 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

W: Welcome to our program, Friends and Relationships. Our guest today is psychologist Steve Pinker from McGill University.

M: Glad to be here, Jane.

W: Hi, Steve. Our question today is why friends suddenly disappear. They may block us on their social media accounts and stop responding to our emails. They simply vanish without a trace.

M: The answer may lie in childhood, the way the person related to their mom and dad. It's related to their attachment styles.

W: Attachment styles?

M: Yeah. There are two different attachment styles: an anxious attachment style and an avoidant attachment style. When there is a relationship breakdown with their parents, children with an anxious attachment style scream and cry to get their parents to come back. But other children simply shut down and try to deal with their emotions by ignoring the situation. And these attachment styles carry on into adulthood.

W: Does avoidance reduce their stress levels?

M: Not really. Their stress levels are actually the same as those experienced by the children who yell and scream.

W: And I assume both might be termed insecure.

M: Exactly. And it's a very insecure attachment.

W: How does an insecure attachment affect relationships between friends, co-workers and romantic relationships?

M: It's the same as conflicts. So if you have a disagreement with a securely attached person, they're not going to panic. They're able to hear what the other person is saying and express their own feelings and thoughts effectively. However, an insecurely attached person won't. They might either attack you, get defensive, or just disappear from your life. To them, a difference, no matter how small in your eyes, signals the end of the relationship.

W: That explains why they suddenly disappear.

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

9 个意群的对话骨架

按对话 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 节目开场与嘉宾介绍

    这是 opening segment,host Jane 通过 welcome 和 introduction 来establishes the context,介绍了 program name 和 guest identity,为后续的 discussion 奠定基础

    通过 formal introduction 建立了 expert authority,让 psychologist Steve Pinker 作为 credible source 来解答即将提出的 question about friendship,为主旨中的 explanation 提供了 professional foundation

    引入解释者
  2. 提出核心问题

    Host 通过 direct question 提出了 central inquiry:why friends suddenly disappear,并用 specific behaviors 比如 block social media 和 stop responding 来 illustrate the phenomenon,这个 question 直接对应文章的 main topic

    这个 sense group 通过 explicit question 明确了 discussion scope,直接引出 psychologist 需要 explain 的 phenomenon,为后续的 attachment style theory 提供了 clear context 和 motivation

    问题陈述
  3. 引入依恋类型理论

    Psychologist 通过 trace back to childhood 来 provide theoretical foundation,提出 attachment styles 这个 core concept 作为 explanatory framework,建立了 childhood experiences 和 adult behaviors 之间的 causal link

    这个 segment 提供了 theoretical lens 来 understand the phenomenon,通过 introduce attachment styles 作为 root cause,为后续的 detailed explanation 搭建了 conceptual scaffold,directly addresses 主旨中的 explains why 部分

    归因路径
  4. 详解两种依恋类型

    Expert 通过 contrast two attachment styles 来 elaborate the concept,用 childhood behavior patterns 来 illustrate anxious versus avoidant styles,并强调这些 patterns carry into adulthood,这是 detailed explanation of the framework

    这个 section 提供了 specific typology 来 differentiate behaviors,特别突出 avoidant attachment style 的 shutting down response,直接 corresponds to 主旨中提到的 vanish from relationships 的 behavioral pattern

    类型区分
  5. 澄清回避的效果误区

    通过 Jane 的 assumption question 和 Steve 的 correction,这个 mini-exchange clarifies misconception about avoidance,reveals that stress levels remain high despite outward calm,这是 important nuance to the theory

    这个 clarification 深化了对 avoidant style 的 understanding,说明 shutting down 不是 effective coping 而是 disguised distress,strengthens the explanation of why avoidant individuals exhibit extreme behaviors like disappearing

    表象揭示
  6. 引入不安全依恋概念

    通过 Jane 的 inference 和 Steve 的 confirmation,这个 exchange introduces overarching category of insecure attachment,将前述的 two styles 统一到 broader framework 下,是 conceptual integration

    这个 brief segment 建立了 unifying concept,为接下来讨论 insecure attachment 在 relationships 中的 manifestations 提供 categorical foundation,connects theory to practical implications

    上位归类
  7. 询问对成人关系的影响

    Jane 通过 specific question 将 discussion 从 childhood attachment 引向 adult relationship contexts,explicitly asks about friends, co-workers, and romantic relationships,是 application-oriented inquiry

    这个 question redirects focus toward original inquiry about friends disappearing,creates explicit bridge between theoretical framework and real-world phenomenon,prepares for final explanatory segment

    关系域聚焦
  8. 解释不安全依恋在冲突中的表现

    Steve 通过 contrast secure versus insecure responses to conflict 来 demonstrate attachment styles in action,explains how insecure individuals may attack, defend, or disappear,directly answers why friends vanish,这是 culminating explanation

    这是 central explanatory payoff,直接 addresses original question 通过 apply attachment theory to conflict scenarios,特别强调 insecure people perceive differences as relationship-ending,完整地 explains the disappearing phenomenon mentioned in the topic

    消失原因揭示
  9. 总结确认

    Jane 通过 brief acknowledgment 来 confirms understanding and signals closure,这个 concluding remark 用 "That explains" 来 explicitly ties back to original question,是 conversational wrap-up

    这个 closing 通过 acknowledge the explanation 来 validates the expert's answer,provides sense of completion to the dialogue,signals that central question has been satisfactorily addressed

    问题闭合
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 定位主持人提问 P1 P3

    对话类文章的 opening 往往由 host 或 interviewer 来 frame the topic,他们会用非常 explicit 的语言来 introduce 当天的 discussion focus。这种 topic statement 通常出现在 greeting 之后的第一个 substantive turn,是最直接的 main idea indicator。

  2. 抓取核心理论 P4 P6

    在 expert interview 类型的对话中,guest 通常会提出一个 theoretical framework 或 conceptual model 来 answer the host's question。这个 framework 就是文章主旨的 explanatory core,因为整个对话的后续内容都是在 unpack 和 elaborate 这个 theory。

  3. 追踪因果链接 P11 P12 P13

    对话的 latter part 通常会把 abstract theory apply 到 concrete situation,这个 application section 能够 confirm 文章主旨是在用某个 theory 来 explain 某个 phenomenon。Host 的 probing questions 往往会 push the expert 去 make explicit connections,这些 connections 就是 main idea 的 final piece。

  4. 这个三步法之所以 effective,是因为 interview-style dialogues 有固定的 discourse structure:host frames the issue,expert provides explanatory lens,然后双方 collaborate 去 demonstrate how the lens illuminates the issue。Main idea 永远不是单纯的 question 或单纯的 theory,而是两者的 causal relationship。

主旨信号词 why P3 explains P13 attachment styles P4 the answer P4 disappear P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

心理学家史蒂夫·平克通过讨论童年形成的依恋类型来解释朋友突然消失的原因。具有回避型依恋风格的人在冲突中倾向于封闭自己并从关系中消失,他们将即使是微小的分歧也视为关系的终结,这与能够建设性处理冲突的安全型依恋者不同。
Psychologist Steve Pinker explains why friends suddenly disappear by discussing attachment styles formed in childhood. People with avoidant attachment styles tend to shut down during conflicts and vanish from relationships, perceiving even minor disagreements as relationship-ending events, unlike securely attached individuals who handle conflicts constructively.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • psychologist 心理学家

    让我们把这些 clues 串起来。首先从 word formation 看,-ist 后缀告诉我们这是某个领域的 practitioner。然后 context clues 显示:他是 university 的 guest expert,在 program 里讲解 human behavior 和 relationships 的 theoretical concepts。整个 conversation 中他展现的是对 attachment theory、childhood development 这些领域的 professional knowledge。把这三条线索 combine 起来,答案就很 clear 了。

    职业词汇三维验证
  • vanish 消失,不见踪影

    我们来整合一下这些 clues。第3段 给出了一个很清晰的 behavioral sequence:从 blocking、stop responding 到 vanish without a trace,这是一个 escalating process of cutting off contact。而 without a trace 这个 collocation 强调的是 complete disappearance。再结合 第12段 中 disappear from your life 这个 parallel expression,我们可以确定 vanish 表示的是突然的、彻底的消失,而且是在 relationship context 中。

    动作序列搭配互证
  • avoidant 回避型的

    让我们把这些 pieces 放在一起。首先 word formation 告诉我们这是'倾向于 avoid 的'。然后 第6段 的 contrast 给出 behavioral evidence:不是 actively expressing,而是 shut down 和 ignore。最后 第12段 展示这种 tendency 在 adult relationships 中的 manifestation:遇到 conflict 就 disappear。三条线索共同指向同一个 concept:一种通过 withdrawal、ignoring、disappearing 来 cope with stress 或 conflict 的 behavioral pattern。

    术语行为对照提取
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 反问

    P5

    在 第5段 中,主持人 Jane 用 'Attachment styles?' 这个 rhetorical question 来表达她对这个 concept 的好奇和不熟悉。这种 questioning technique 不是真的在 asking for a yes/no answer,而是在 signal 她需要 Steve 进行更深入的 explanation。这个 device 巧妙地 transitions 话题,让 guest 自然地展开关于 attachment styles 的详细讲解,推动 dialogue 向核心 topic 深入,帮助 audience 理解为什么 friends disappear 的 psychological roots。

    信号词 ? Really? How so? Like what? For instance? Such as? Meaning?

    仿写: 当你想在 dialogue 中引导对方 elaborate on 某个 concept 时,可以使用 short rhetorical questions。比如听到一个 unfamiliar term 后,不要说 'I don't understand',而是直接重复那个 term 加问号,像 'Digital detox?' 或 'Cognitive bias?'。这样的 technique 既 shows 你在 listening,又能 naturally prompt 对方给出 detailed explanation。仿写模版:'[关键概念]?' 或 '[New term] — what does that mean exactly?'

  • 重复

    P6

    在 第6段 中,'attachment style' 这个 phrase 被 repeatedly mentioned 三次('anxious attachment style', 'avoidant attachment style', 'attachment styles')。这种 repetition technique 强化了这个 central concept 在 audience 的 mind 中的 impression。通过 repeating 这个 key term,Steve 确保 listeners 能够 grasp 这个 psychological framework,这对理解为什么 friends suddenly vanish 至关重要。这个 repetitive structure 也 creates rhythm 和 coherence,让复杂的 psychological theory 更容易被 digest。

    信号词 attachment style securely attached insecurely attached anxious attachment avoidant attachment

    仿写: 当你在 explaining 一个 complex concept 时,不要害怕 repeat 核心 terminology。在介绍 main idea 后,可以通过 listing different types 或 examples 来 naturally repeat 那个 central term。比如讲 'learning strategies' 时,可以说 'visual learning strategies, auditory learning strategies, and kinesthetic learning strategies'。这种 pattern 让 audience 在不同 contexts 中多次 encounter 关键 concept。仿写模版:'There are [X] types of [核心概念]: [类型A + 核心概念], [类型B + 核心概念], and [类型C + 核心概念].'

  • 语气词

    P6

    第6段 开头的 'Yeah' 是一个 conversational marker,Steve 用它来 acknowledge Jane 的 question 并 signal 他准备给出 detailed answer。这个 informal discourse marker 让 academic discussion 显得更 accessible 和 conversational,reducing 心理学 topic 的 intimidation factor。它 creates rapport between speaker and audience,making the explanation about attachment styles feel like a natural conversation 而非 lecture。这对理解 friends disappearing 这个 emotionally charged topic 很重要,因为 casual tone 让 sensitive subject 更容易被 approach。

    信号词 Yeah Well You know I mean Right So Actually Basically Like

    仿写: 在 dialogue writing 中,strategically place conversational markers 可以 add authenticity。在回答 complex questions 前使用 'Yeah', 'Well', 或 'You know' 可以 mimic natural speech patterns。但要注意 moderation — 过多会让 speaker 显得 inarticulate。使用 guideline:在 transition to explanations 时用 'Yeah' 表示 confirmation,在 introducing contrasts 时用 'But',在 adding information 时用 'And'。仿写模版:'[Yeah/Well], [主要观点]. [But/And] [进一步说明].'

  • 重复

    P12

    在 第12段 中,'attached' 这个 word family 被 intensively repeated('securely attached person', 'insecurely attached person'),形成 parallel structure 来 contrast 两种 attachment types 的 behaviors。这种 repetitive parallelism 让 comparison 非常 clear and striking,帮助 audience 理解为什么 some friends disappear — 因为他们是 insecurely attached,而 securely attached people 会 handle conflicts constructively。这个 pattern 直接 supports 文章的 main thesis,explaining the psychological mechanism behind sudden friendship disappearance。

    信号词 attached securely attached insecurely attached attachment

    仿写: 当你需要 compare two types of people or behaviors 时,使用 parallel structures with repeated core terms。建立 'X person does A, but Y person does B' 的 pattern。比如:'A proactive learner seeks challenges, while a passive learner avoids them.' 保持 structure symmetry,让 contrast 更 prominent。仿写模版:'If you [interact with] a [特征A] person, they're [行为1]. However, a [特征B] person won't. They [行为2].'

  • 省略

    P9

    在 第9段 中,Jane 说 'And I assume both might be termed insecure',这里省略了 'attachment styles' 这个 subject。完整句应该是 'both [attachment styles] might be termed insecure'。这种 ellipsis 让 dialogue flow more smoothly,避免 unnecessary repetition,同时 assumes shared understanding between speakers。这个 省略 demonstrates Jane 已经 grasp 了前面讨论的 concept,能够用简洁的 reference 继续 conversation,pushing towards the conclusion that insecure attachments explain disappearing friends。

    仿写: 在 dialogue 中,当 referring back to previously mentioned concepts 时,可以用 pronouns 或 simply omit 明显的 subjects。比如前面讨论了 'two methods',后面可以说 'Both work well' 而不是 'Both methods work well'。关键是 ensure context makes the reference clear。练习方法:写完 dialogue 后,review 每个 sentence,问 'Can readers infer what's omitted?' 如果可以,consider ellipsis。仿写模版:在 follow-up statements 中用 'both', 'either', 'neither' + [省略主语] + predicate。

  • 反问

    P7

    第7段 中 Jane 问 'Does avoidance reduce their stress levels?',这是一个 genuine question 但也带有 rhetorical undertones,因为她 implicitly suggests 一个 logical assumption — avoidance 应该能 reduce stress。这个 question 不仅 seeks information,也 sets up 一个 expectation 让 Steve 可以 subvert,revealing 一个 counterintuitive finding(stress levels 其实相同)。这个 device 帮助 audience 理解 avoidant attachment 的 complexity,supporting the article's thesis that disappeared friends 并非 actually coping well,而是用 unhealthy mechanism。

    信号词 Does Is Can Will Would Should Are

    仿写: 在 interview dialogue 中,设计 questions that contain implicit assumptions 可以 create dramatic moments when those assumptions are challenged。结构是:'Does [action] lead to [expected outcome]?' 然后 respondent 可以 confirm or contradict。这 works well for revealing counterintuitive findings。比如:'Does multitasking improve productivity?' 然后回答 'Not really...'。仿写模版:'Does [行为/现象] [产生预期结果]?' followed by surprising or nuanced answer。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

7 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 专家身份的隐性强调

    P1
    Our guest today is psychologist Steve Pinker from McGill University.

    权威背书类 from McGill University professor at PhD from leading expert in researcher at published in with 20 years of experience

    言外之意是这位 psychologist 的观点 carries academic weight,不是 random speculation。通过 mention McGill University 这个 well-known institution,对话在 opening stage 就 establish 了 Steve Pinker 作为 credible source 的地位。对文章主旨的 value 在于:它 justify 了为什么我们应该 trust 后面关于 attachment theory 的 explanation。这是一种 rhetorical strategy,用 institutional authority 来 support 即将展开的 psychological analysis,让 readers 更容易 accept 关于朋友突然 disappear 的 root cause explanation。

  • 问题复杂性的暗示

    P4
    The answer may lie in childhood, the way the person related to their mom and dad.

    模糊限制语 may lie in might be related to could stem from possibly caused by seems to originate in appears to be linked to perhaps rooted in

    言外之意是朋友 disappear 这个 phenomenon 没有 single definitive cause,但 childhood attachment 是一个 particularly important factor。通过 "may lie in" instead of "lies in",Steve Pinker 在 academically sound 地 present his theory,avoiding overgeneralization。对文章主旨的 value 是 set up realistic expectation:这个 explanation 提供了 one compelling lens 而不是 universal law。这种 nuanced approach 让 subsequent discussion of attachment styles 更 convincing,因为它 acknowledge 了 human behavior 的 complexity 同时 offer 一个 well-supported framework。

  • 知识差距的揭示

    P5
    W: Attachment styles?

    反问句 Attachment styles? Avoidant attachment? What do you mean by...? Insecure attachment? Could you explain...? I'm not sure I follow... You mentioned...?

    言外之意是 host Jane 代表 audience 表达 unfamiliarity,create 一个 pedagogical moment。这个 one-phrase question signal 她需要 expert 提供 definition 和 context。对文章主旨的 value 是 trigger Steve 展开 core concept explanation:他接下来会 elaborate anxious vs avoidant attachment styles,这正是 understand 为什么朋友 disappear 的 theoretical foundation。这种 dialogue structure 让 complex psychological concept 得到 step-by-step breakdown,make 整个 explanation 更 accessible to general audience。Jane 的 echo question serve as conversation pivot,从 brief mention 转向 detailed exposition。

  • 例外情况的否定

    P8
    M: Not really. Their stress levels are actually the same as those experienced by the children who yell and scream.

    委婉否定类 Not really Not exactly Not quite I wouldn't say that Actually, no That's not the case Not necessarily

    言外之意是 avoidant behavior 并没有真正 solve stress problem,尽管 surface 上看起来 calm。通过 "Not really" 加上 "actually the same",Steve 在 refute 一个 intuitive assumption:shutting down 和 screaming 的 internal stress 是 equivalent 的。对文章主旨的 value 是 reveal avoidant attachment 的 ineffectiveness,explain 为什么这类人的 disappearance 是 unhealthy coping mechanism 而不是 genuine resolution。这个 counter-intuitive finding 让后续关于 insecure attachment 影响 relationships 的 discussion 更有 explanatory power。

  • 推论确认的引导

    P9
    W: And I assume both might be termed insecure.

    推测类 And I assume I suppose I would guess So I imagine I presume If I understand correctly It sounds like

    言外之意是 Jane 在 actively processing information 并 drawing logical conclusion,同时 invite Steve to confirm and elaborate。通过 "I assume both might be termed insecure",她 connect 之前讨论的两种 styles 到一个 overarching category。对文章主旨的 value 是 introduce "insecure attachment" 这个 key term,Steve 的 confirmation("Exactly")then establish 这是 understand disappearance behavior 的 critical lens。这个 inference-confirmation exchange 让 dialogue flow smoothly from describing styles 到 analyzing their impact on relationships,directly setting up 后续 explanation of 为什么 insecure people 会 disappear。

  • 平静表象下的能力暗示

    P12
    So if you have a disagreement with a securely attached person, they're not going to panic. They're able to hear what the other person is saying and express their own feelings and thoughts effectively.

    否定式对比类 they're not going to panic won't overreact don't shut down aren't defensive not going to attack won't run away don't avoid

    言外之意是 panic 是 conflict 中的 common reaction,但 securely attached people 能 avoid it。通过 negative framing("not going to panic")followed by positive capabilities,Steve 在 implicitly establish panic/defensiveness/avoidance 是 widespread patterns。对文章主旨的 value 是 provide 对照组:secure people 的 calm, communicative response highlight 为什么 insecurely attached people 的 disappearance 是 problematic。这个 contrast set up 随后的 explanation:insecure people "might either attack you, get defensive, or just disappear",这些 maladaptive responses now make sense as opposite of the secure pattern just described。

  • 认知偏差的揭示

    P12
    To them, a difference, no matter how small in your eyes, signals the end of the relationship.

    让步类 no matter how small in your eyes even though it seems minor despite appearing trivial however insignificant it looks regardless of how small even if you think it's nothing though it may seem unimportant

    言外之意是 insecurely attached people 对 conflict severity 的 judgment 完全 distorted,你觉得的 small issue 对他们是 relationship threat。通过 "no matter how small in your eyes" 和 "signals the end",Steve reveal 认知偏差的 mechanism:不是 conflict 本身 size matters,而是 they catastrophize every disagreement。对文章主旨的 ultimate value:这 directly explain disappearance behavior — 他们 vanish 因为在他们 perception 中 relationship 已经 over,尽管 objectively 只是 minor disagreement。这是整个 dialogue 的 explanatory climax,connecting attachment theory 到具体的 ghosting behavior。

SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

5 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 的常见问题

2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的主旨是什么?
心理学家史蒂夫·平克通过讨论童年形成的依恋类型来解释朋友突然消失的原因。具有回避型依恋风格的人在冲突中倾向于封闭自己并从关系中消失,他们将即使是微小的分歧也视为关系的终结,这与能够建设性处理冲突的安全型依恋者不同。(英文表述:Psychologist Steve Pinker explains why friends suddenly disappear by discussing attachment styles formed in childhood. People with avoidant attachment styles tend to shut down during conflicts and vanish from relationships, perceiving even minor disagreements as relationship-ending events, unlike securely attached individuals who handle conflicts constructively.)
2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为对话。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 290 词、13 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 234 篇(占 46%)。
2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 13 段按对话骨架分为 9 个意群:第1段、第2段——节目开场与嘉宾介绍;第3段——提出核心问题;第4段、第5段——引入依恋类型理论;第6段——详解两种依恋类型;第7段、第8段——澄清回避的效果误区;第9段、第10段——引入不安全依恋概念;第11段——询问对成人关系的影响;第12段——解释不安全依恋在冲突中的表现;第13段——总结确认。
2023年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:psychologist(心理学家)、vanish(消失,不见踪影)、avoidant(回避型的),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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