2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A
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2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A

议论文 · 完形填空(选词填空) · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 文章的精读视角页——这篇议论文全文 244 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 C1(C1 级在英语六级文章中占 58%),作者立场为「客观中立」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 的完形填空(选词填空)原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Innovation, the elixir(灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered jobless, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.

Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's impact will feel like a tornado(旋风), hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Innovation's Job-Displacing History

    Technological innovation has repeatedly eliminated established jobs throughout history.

    本段在全文中承担提出问题的作用:它先证明 technology 会造成真实而持续的 displacement,为下文“技术最终是否创造更好工作”这一辩护,以及最后对 social dislocation 的警告,建立必要的事实基础。

    首句论点统领例证
  2. P2

    The Prosperity-Creating Power of Innovation

    Although innovation destroys old jobs, it ultimately creates better employment and greater prosperity.

    本段在全文中承担平衡与铺垫作用:它承认技术进步的 long-term benefits,防止文章沦为单纯的技术悲观论;同时,这种乐观立场也为下一段的关键转折埋下伏笔,即最终 benefit 并不等于短期没有痛苦。

    让步后抓核心转向
  3. P3

    The Unprepared World Faces Technological Disruption

    Technology's rapid global disruption will widen inequality and overwhelm unprepared governments before its benefits are fully realized.

    本段是全文的论证落点:它综合前文的 historical job loss 与 long-term prosperity,提出更复杂的最终判断——技术创新总体值得乐观,但 transition period 的 inequality、社会震荡和全球扩散需要政府及时应对,而当前的 policy preparation 明显不足。

    抓结尾警告与限定
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2015年6月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 digital revolution mid-skill jobs

    What was a major effect of the digital revolution on many mid-skill jobs?

    • A They became more secure because digital tools increased their productivity.
    • B They were replaced mainly by agricultural work on modern farms.
    • C Many such jobs were eliminated as technology replaced the work they involved.
    • D They were transformed into higher-paid programming and design positions.
    • E They disappeared only from production lines, not from service industries.
    • F They were protected by the middle-class economy of the twentieth century.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    该项准确概括了 displaced 和 dispensed with 的共同结果:许多 mid-skill jobs 被淘汰。选项没有机械重复原句,而是用 eliminated 概括多个职业实例,并以 replaced the work they involved 对应机械织机和 digital technology 的替代作用。障碍在于原文列举了多个具体职业,考生若只盯住 typists 或 bank tellers,容易忽略它们共同服务于“技术挤出中等技能岗位”这一结论。

    动词方向验真 时间极紧时,直接在题干中圈出 digital revolution 和 mid-skill jobs,并跳读到 第1段 中二者相邻出现的位置。随后不要逐项翻译六个选项,而是采用“动词方向验真”:只比较每项谓语究竟表示 eliminated、protected、transformed 还是 limited。将原文中连续出现的 displaced、dispensed with 压缩为“岗位退出”这一方向,只有正确项与该方向一致;其余选项即使含有 productivity、programming 或 middle-class 等原文词,也会在谓语方向上失配。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 American workers freed from the land better-paid work

    What happened to the American workers who were freed from the land as farms became more productive?

    • A They became permanently jobless because farms needed fewer employees.
    • B They returned to farming after food production began to decline.
    • C They were absorbed exclusively into computer programming and web design.
    • D They found better-paid work as the economy became more sophisticated.
    • E They produced less food while receiving higher wages on farms.
    • F They experienced immediate income equality as technological change spread.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项与原文的结果句形成直接同义对应:freed from the land 的 millions 并未 jobless,而是在 economy grew more sophisticated 的过程中 found better-paid work。命题障碍在于题干先给出农业就业下降这一看似负面的事实,考生若未读到后面的 but 和结果,就容易把“离开农场”误判为“失业”。正确项同时完整保留了结果 better-paid work 和条件 economy more sophisticated 两层信息。

    例证尾句截取 在考场上可用“例证尾句截取法”:看到 American workers 与 freed from the land 后,直接定位 第2段 的数字例子,并跳过统计数字,优先扫读该例证最后两句中的转折和结果。因为六级议论文常把数据放在前面建立现象,把 but 之后的句子放在后面交代作者希望你得出的结论。再对选项执行“去向替换”:只问每项是否回答劳动力离开原行业后的去向;正确项是唯一同时满足“没有陷入失业”与“进入更高报酬工作”的选项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 short term income gaps effects of technology

    In the short term, what concern does the author raise about the effects of technology?

    • A It will immediately create enough new jobs to prevent social disruption.
    • B Its impact will remain limited to poorer countries for many years.
    • C It will reduce income gaps as wealthier inhabitants demand more services.
    • D Governments are fully prepared to manage the political changes it may bring.
    • E Its costs may appear before its benefits, widening income gaps and causing social disruption.
    • F It affects only workers whose jobs have already been eliminated.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    该项完整整合了段落的核心推理:对 workers 而言,dislocating effects 可能比 benefits 更快显现;即使 new jobs 和 wonderful products 出现,short term 内仍可能出现 widening income gaps 与 huge social dislocation。命题障碍在于作者并未否认 innovation 的最终积极价值,正确项也没有把技术写成纯粹有害,而是精准保留 costs before benefits 的时间先后关系。

    让步后半句优先 最快方法是“让步后半句优先法”:圈定题干中的 short term 和 effects of technology,定位到 第3段 后,不必逐句精读,直接扫描 even if、but、in the short term 后的名词和动词组合。然后为所有选项做“时间箭头”标记:是 benefits 先到、costs 先到、立即消失,还是没有时间信息。正确项是唯一保留“负面后果先显现,并外溢到收入与社会层面”这一双重箭头的选项。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的议论文骨架

按议论文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引言 P1

    技术创新淘汰工作的历史现象

    这个 introduction 通过 historical examples 建立了 innovation 导致 job displacement 的 pattern,从 Industrial Revolution 的 hand weavers 被 mechanical loom 取代,到 digital revolution 中 typists、ticket agents 这些 mid-skill jobs 消失,展现了 technological progress 持续 disrupting 就业市场的 recurring phenomenon

    这个 opening paragraph 通过 concrete historical cases 引出文章的 central topic,为后续讨论 innovation 的 双面性奠定 factual foundation,让读者认识到 job displacement 不是 isolated incident 而是 technological advancement 的 inherent characteristic

    提供技术淘汰工人的历史证据
  2. 分论点 P2

    技术进步的乐观视角与长期利益

    这个 argument paragraph 提出 optimistic perspective,认为 technological disruption 是 rising prosperity 的 natural part。通过 American agriculture 的 case study,证明虽然 innovation kills jobs,但会 create new and better ones。从一百年前 one in three workers 在 farms,到现在 less than 2% 生产 far more food,那些 freed workers 找到了 better-paid work,就像今天 secretaries 减少但 programmers 和 web designers 增加

    这个 paragraph 构成文章的 first major argument,directly supporting 主旨中 'ultimately creates better jobs and prosperity' 的部分。它用 concrete data 和 historical trajectory 来 demonstrate 一个 mechanism:当 society becomes more productive and wealthy,new demands emerge,从而 generate new employment opportunities。这是对 introduction 提出的 displacement problem 的第一个 response

    论证创造更好工作和繁荣
  3. 分论点 P3

    技术冲击的短期破坏与政府准备不足

    这个 counter-argument paragraph 虽然 maintains optimism 作为 starting-point,但 shifts focus 到 workers 面临的 dislocating effects。强调即使会有 new jobs 和 wonderful products,短期内 income gaps will widen,造成 huge social dislocation 甚至 changing politics。用 tornado 的 metaphor 描述 technology's impact 会先 hit rich world 再 sweep through poorer countries,而 no government is prepared

    这个 paragraph 对应主旨中 'However, the transition period causes significant social disruption' 的 critical part。它形成与上一段的 dialectical relationship,acknowledging 长期 benefits 的同时 highlighting short-term costs。'Even if' 这个 concessive structure 承认前一段的 validity,但 emphasize 一个 equally important dimension。最后 'No government is prepared for it' 呼应主旨的 concluding concern

    论证过渡期的社会混乱和收入差距
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 扫描首句和段首句 P1 P2 P3

    议论文的 structure 通常遵循 general-to-specific pattern,opening 会establish the context,subsequent paragraphs 会围绕这个 central issue 展开 discussion。通过识别这些 key positions,我们能快速 grasp 文章要讨论什么 topic。

  2. 定位转折和让步信号 P2 P3

    议论文的 main idea 往往藏在 author's ultimate stance 里。Writer 可能会 acknowledge 某个 viewpoint(承认科技进步好),但通过 adversative conjunctions(however, but)来 shift 到他真正想 emphasize 的 point(但有严重问题)。

  3. 识别重复模式和平行结构 P1 P2

    议论文通过 structural parallelism 来 reinforce central argument。当 paragraph 1 提到 hand weavers displaced,paragraph 2 提到 typists displaced,这种 repetitive pattern 不是 coincidence,而是在 establish 一个 general principle(科技总会 displace workers)。

  4. 提取结尾段的警示语气 P3

    议论文的 final paragraph 往往 crystallize the main point,特别是当 writer 想 highlight 某个 pressing concern。如果结尾用 strong language(tornado, hitting, sweeping)和 definitive statements(no government is prepared),这是 signaling 文章的 ultimate message 不仅仅是 describe 现象,更是 warn 读者某个 serious consequence。

  5. 整合多层次论点 P1 P2 P3

    单独的 step 只能 capture thesis 的 fragments,议论文的 main idea 通常是 multi-layered,需要 synthesize 各个 components。这篇文章不是简单的'科技好'或'科技坏',而是'科技好但过渡期很痛苦且问题被低估'这种 nuanced position。

主旨信号词 disruption P1 but P3 tornado P3 no government is prepared P3 in the short term P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

虽然技术创新历来会取代工人,但最终会创造更好的工作和繁荣。然而,过渡期会通过收入差距扩大和失业造成重大社会混乱,这些影响将在全球范围内加剧,但没有政府为此挑战做好充分准备。
While technological innovation historically displaces workers, it ultimately creates better jobs and prosperity. However, the transition period causes significant social disruption through widening income gaps and job losses, effects that will intensify globally, yet no government is adequately prepared for this challenge.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • disrupt 破坏;颠覆;扰乱(既有秩序或模式)

    让我们把 three clues 串联起来。首先,第1段 描述了 innovation 导致的 job losses,第2段 用 such disruption 来 summarize 这个现象,说明 disruption 就是指这种 displacement。其次,第3段 中 dislocating effects 和 social dislocation 的 parallel usage 强化了这个词的 unsettling nature。最后,dis- prefix 的 negative implication 也支持这个 interpretation。综合来看,disruption 指的是一种 breaking of established patterns,特别是在 economic 和 social contexts 中造成的 upheaval。

    回指定位+词族互证
  • render 使成为;致使(处于某种状态)

    从 syntactic 和 semantic 两个 angles 来看,render 的意思已经很 transparent。Syntactically,render + object + adjective 这个 structure 只有 causative verbs 才能用。Semantically,not rendered jobless but found work 这个 antithesis 明确告诉我们 render jobless 就是 make jobless 的意思。两条线索 converge 到同一个 conclusion。

    句式框架+对比推理
  • sophisticated 复杂的;精密的;高度发展的

    三条 clues 形成 a convergent picture。从 chronological perspective,sophisticated 描述的是 economy 经过 long-term evolution 后的 mature state。从 semantic field analysis,它和 productive, richer, better 等 positive terms 共现,确认其 favorable connotation。从 grammatical behavior,more sophisticated 这个 gradable structure 表明这是个 describing developmental degree 的 adjective。综合起来,sophisticated 指的是 complex, advanced, and highly developed。

    时序定性+语义场定位+语法验证
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 举例论证

    P1 P2

    作者在 第1段 中使用了 Industrial Revolution 时期的 hand weavers 被 mechanical loom 取代这个 historical example,在 第2段 中又举了 American farmers 从占 one in three workers 降到 less than 2% 的 concrete case。这些 specific instances 不是随意摆放的装饰,而是为 main argument 提供 solid evidence。通过这些 vivid examples,读者能直观感受到 technological disruption 并非新现象,而是 recurring pattern,从而支撑了作者关于 innovation 最终带来 prosperity 的 central thesis。

    信号词 for example for instance such as take...as an example consider look at just as similarly

    仿写: 当你要论证一个 broad trend 或 universal truth 时,问自己:能否找到 one or two concrete instances 来 illustrate this point? 比如你想说 'technology changes communication',不妨具体到 'the shift from letters to emails to instant messaging'。模版: Topic sentence → For instance/Take...as an example → Specific case with details → Link back to main point (This demonstrates that...)。

  • 对比论证

    P2

    第2段 中构建了 past vs. present 的 stark contrast:一百年前 one in three workers 在 farms,如今 less than 2% 却 produce far more food。这个 dramatic comparison 不仅展示了 productivity gains,更重要的是反驳了 potential objection——那些被 displaced 的 workers 并没有 rendered jobless,而是 found better-paid work。这种 before-and-after contrast 有力地支持了作者的 optimistic view,证明 job displacement 最终导向 better outcomes。

    信号词 however in contrast on the other hand whereas while but yet although compared to unlike

    仿写: 寻找你论点中的 two poles 或 two states。问自己:what was the situation before? What is it now? 或者 what happens with X vs. without X? 用 specific metrics 或 vivid descriptions 来强化 contrast。模版: In the past/Previously → [State A with details] → Today/Now/In contrast → [State B with details] → This shift shows that...

  • 比喻修辞

    P1 P3

    第1段 开篇将 innovation 比作 'elixir of progress',这个 metaphor 赋予 innovation 一种 magical, transformative quality。更 striking 的是 第3段 中的 'tornado' metaphor,将 technology's impact 比作 旋风,这个 vivid image 传达了 powerful, unstoppable, and potentially destructive nature。这些 figurative expressions 不只是 literary decoration,它们为 abstract concepts 注入 emotional weight,让读者 feel the intensity of technological change,同时也暗示了这种 change 的 double-edged nature——既是 elixir 又是 tornado。

    信号词 like as as if 似乎 仿佛 is acts as serves as metaphorically speaking

    仿写: 当你面对 abstract concept 时,问自己:这个 concept 像什么 concrete thing? 它的 key characteristics 能对应到哪个 familiar object or phenomenon? 选择的 metaphor 要 match the qualities you want to emphasize。比如论证 AI 发展,你可以说 'AI is a double-edged sword' (强调 two-sided nature) 或 'AI is racing forward like a bullet train' (强调 speed and momentum)。模版: [Abstract concept] is/acts as [concrete image] → [optional: elaborate on the parallel]。

  • 因果论证

    P2 P3

    整篇文章构建了一个清晰的 causal chain:technological innovation (cause) → job displacement (immediate effect) → creation of new jobs and prosperity (long-term effect)。在 第2段 中,这个 logic 特别明显:'as a more productive society becomes richer' → 'its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services' → 'new jobs are created'。这种 cause-and-effect reasoning 是文章 argumentative backbone,它解释了 why job displacement 不应该被 feared,因为它是通往 prosperity 的 necessary step。第3段 也使用了 causal logic,但转向 negative consequences:technology's rapid pace (cause) → income gaps widen and social dislocation (effects)。

    信号词 because since as therefore thus consequently as a result leads to causes results in due to so

    仿写: 构建 causal argument 时,先识别 initial condition or action (cause),然后 trace its logical consequences (effects)。问自己:What leads to what? Why does this result follow? 使用 causal markers 来 signal the relationship explicitly。对于 complex arguments,你可以建立 causal chain:A leads to B, which leads to C。模版: Because/Since/As [cause] → [effect 1] → This in turn/Consequently/Therefore [effect 2] → Thus we can see that [conclusion]。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 技术进步导致失业是历史常态

    P1
    Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs.

    时间副词强调类 has always cost has always inevitably constantly historically consistently without exception

    表面在 stating 技术 innovation 导致 job loss 是历史事实,实则在 normalize 这种 disruption,暗示这是 progress 的 necessary cost 而非 problematic。这为全文的 optimistic tone 奠定基础,让读者 psychologically prepared 去接受后续关于 'disruption is natural' 的 central argument。对主旨的 value 在于:提前 defuse 读者对 job displacement 的 negative reaction,使其更容易接受 'technology ultimately creates prosperity' 这个 core message。

  • 乐观主义面临现实挑战的转折

    P3
    Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits.

    转折类 but however yet nevertheless nonetheless even so still

    表面在说 'optimism 仍是 right starting-point',实则通过 but 引出真正的 concern:技术的 dislocating effects 会比 benefits 更快显现。言外之意是:理论上的 optimism 无法 solve 实际的 immediate problems,工人们会先 experience pain 再看到 gains。这个转折 signals 全文从 historical optimism 转向 contemporary challenges,为第三段的 'no government is prepared' 做 critical transition。对主旨的作用是:承认 long-term prosperity 的同时 highlight short-term disruption 的 severity,使 argument 更 nuanced and realistic,avoid 被批评为 overly idealistic。

  • 问题严重性的隐性升级

    P3
    Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics.

    让步强化类 even even if even though even when despite in spite of notwithstanding

    表面在 concede 新 jobs 和 products 可能 emerge,实则通过 even if 结构强调:即使这些 positive outcomes 真的发生,short-term 的 income gaps 和 social dislocation 仍然 inevitable and severe。言外之意是问题的 magnitude 已经大到 positive developments 无法 offset 其 negative impacts。'perhaps even changing politics' 进一步 escalate 严重性,暗示 disruption 可能达到 threaten political stability 的程度。对主旨的作用是:dramatically raise the stakes,将讨论从 economic disruption 提升到 political consequences,justify 文章最后 'no government is prepared' 的 alarming conclusion,强化 immediate action 的 urgency。

  • 全球政府准备不足的严峻现实

    P3
    No government is prepared for it.

    否定强调类 No no none never not a single not one nowhere

    表面在 state 政府 unprepared 这个 fact,实则通过 'No government'(而非 some governments 或 most governments)这种 sweeping statement 来 emphasize problem 的 universal scope 和 extreme urgency。言外之意有三层:①问题 affects 所有国家 without exception ②现有的 governmental systems and policies 完全 inadequate ③需要 fundamental rethinking and preparation。作为 closing statement,它 leaves readers with a sense of alarm 和对 immediate action 的 implicit call。对主旨的作用是:将前面讨论的 theoretical concerns 转化为 concrete and urgent policy challenge,从 'technology creates disruption' 升级到 'we are collectively unprepared for this disruption',给整篇 argument 一个 powerful and concerning conclusion,强化 awareness 和 action 的 necessity。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立( Cautiously concerned)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段褒贬词对比 P1

    议论文的开篇段落往往承担着 set the stage 的作用,作者选择的词汇色彩(褒义还是贬义)能提前暗示后文论证的倾向,所以抓住首段的 tone words 就是判断作者态度的第一手线索。

  2. 区分他人观点标志 P2

    议论文常常会先呈现对立方或者他人的观点作为 counterargument 或者背景,如果作者用第三方视角引入观点,说明这段内容不能直接当作作者态度,需要继续往后找作者自己的表达。

  3. but后内容权重更高 P3

    议论文里作者常常不会直接否定前文的观点,而是先表示部分认可,制造 balance 的表面姿态,但紧跟的 but 之后才是作者花费更多篇幅论证、真正想传达的重点,所以 but 后面内容的权重远高于前面。

  4. 结尾比喻与绝对化表达 P3

    议论文的结尾句常常承担 summarize and emphasize 的功能,作者会用一个高强度的比喻或者绝对化陈述来收尾,这种表达方式直接暴露了作者对该问题的紧迫感和忧虑程度。

  5. 认可与忧虑并存 P1 P2 P3

    这种"先认可后担忧"的结构是典型的议论文态度呈现方式,尤其常见于 The Economist 这类媒体的评论文章,态度往往不是非黑即白的 support 或 oppose,而是一种 nuanced 的、带有警示意味的客观分析。

文中的态度信号词

  • For those who believe P2

    这个短语把接下来乐观主义的观点明确归为"某些人"的看法,而不是作者本人的 statement,帮助读者意识到这段内容属于 counterargument 而非作者态度本身。

    同类词 Some argue that Critics say Proponents claim According to some

  • but P3

    这个 but 出现在 "Optimism remains the right starting-point" 之后,直接把文章的重心从"认可乐观主义"转向"强调技术带来的负面冲击",是全文态度转折的核心枢纽。

    同类词 however yet although nevertheless

  • may P3

    may 这个 hedging modal verb 使 "dislocating effects...faster than its benefits" 这句话带有一种谨慎的推测语气,说明作者并非在做绝对化的负面判断,而是保持一种 cautious 的分析态度。

    同类词 might could perhaps likely

  • tornado P3

    用 tornado 这个带有强烈破坏性联想的比喻来形容技术的冲击,直观地传达出作者对技术变革负面影响的担忧程度,是情感色彩最浓的信号词之一。

    同类词 wave storm shockwave upheaval

  • No government is prepared for it. P3

    这是全文最后一句绝对化的陈述,用 no 这种全称否定句式收尾,直接把作者的忧虑感推到最高点,是判断作者态度倾向 concern 而非单纯 optimism 的关键证据。

    同类词 No government is prepared for it No one is ready Nobody expected this Society is not prepared

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇议论文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇议论文?

  1. 开篇立论 P1

    这篇文章的 first sentence 说 'Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs',这个 claim 带有明显的 argumentative nature。注意这里不是在 neutrally explaining innovation 是什么,而是在 assert 一个有争议的观点——innovation 会 cost jobs。说明文会 objectively describe,新闻报道会 report facts,但议论文会 make claims 需要 support。

  2. 多方观点交锋 P2

    第二段开头说 'For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place',这明显在 introduce 一种 optimistic viewpoint。这不是作者在 explain 一个 phenomenon,而是在 present 一个可以 debate 的 perspective。说明文不会说 'for those who believe',而是会说 'studies show' 或 'the process involves'。新闻报道会说 'officials stated' 而不是 'those who believe'。

  3. 评判性措辞 P3

    第三段说 'Optimism remains the right starting-point' 和 'No government is prepared for it'。注意 'right' 这个 word 是 value judgment,'remains' 表示 sustained position,'no government is prepared' 是 critical assessment。这些都是 author's opinion,不是 objective facts。说明文会说 'governments have implemented',新闻报道会说 'experts warn',但议论文会直接 state 'no government is prepared'。

  4. 论证推进结构 P1 P2 P3

    这篇文章的 structure 非常典型:第1段 提出 innovation costs jobs 的 claim 并给 historical evidence;第2段 介绍 optimistic view 然后用 examples (farmers, secretaries) 来 support 它;第3段 转折说 'but' 然后 qualify 这个 optimism,最后 conclude with 'no government is prepared'。这种 claim→evidence→counterargument→qualified conclusion 的 pattern 是 argumentation 的 blueprint。说明文是 topic→subtopics→details,新闻报道是 lead→body→background,都和这个 structure 不同。

  5. 立场-视角-评价三要素 P1 P2 P3

    这篇文章完美 embody 了议论文的 characteristics:它 argues innovation 既 creates 又 destroys (position),它 presents optimistic view 然后 qualifies it (multiple perspectives),它用 'right', 'better', 'disruption', 'no government is prepared' 等 words 来 express judgment (evaluative language)。相比之下,说明文会 neutrally explain 'what is innovation and its effects',新闻报道会 report 'recent job losses due to automation'。这篇文章的 purpose 不是 inform 或 report,而是 persuade readers 关于 technology's impact 的某种 understanding。

哪些词暴露了议论文体裁?

  • For those who believe that P2 观点引导词 Those who argue that Some people maintain that Critics contend that Supporters claim that It is argued that
  • Although P2 论证逻辑连接词 However Nevertheless Nonetheless Yet While
  • Optimism remains the right starting-point, but P3 立场表态词 remains the right should be it is essential that we must recognize it is crucial to
  • may make themselves evident P3 论证逻辑连接词 may might could would potentially
  • even if P3 论证逻辑连接词 even though regardless of irrespective of no matter whether or not
  • No government is prepared for it P3 立场表态词 no one is prepared we are not ready there is a failure to it is inadequate this is insufficient
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

1 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 的常见问题

2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 文章的主旨是什么?
虽然技术创新历来会取代工人,但最终会创造更好的工作和繁荣。然而,过渡期会通过收入差距扩大和失业造成重大社会混乱,这些影响将在全球范围内加剧,但没有政府为此挑战做好充分准备。(英文表述:While technological innovation historically displaces workers, it ultimately creates better jobs and prosperity. However, the transition period causes significant social disruption through widening income gaps and job losses, effects that will intensify globally, yet no government is adequately prepared for this challenge.)
2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为议论文,作者立场是客观中立(Cautiously concerned)。CEFR 难度 C1,全文 244 词、3 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,C1 级共 343 篇(占 58%)。
2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按议论文骨架分为 3 个意群:引言 · 第1段——技术创新淘汰工作的历史现象;分论点 · 第2段——技术进步的乐观视角与长期利益;分论点 · 第3段——技术冲击的短期破坏与政府准备不足。
2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(Cautiously concerned)。判断路径:首段褒贬词对比 → 区分他人观点标志 → but后内容权重更高 → 结尾比喻与绝对化表达 → 认可与忧虑并存;文中的态度信号词包括 For those who believe(第2段)、but(第3段)、may(第3段)、tornado(第3段)、No government is prepared for it.(第3段)。
2015年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section A 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:disrupt(破坏;颠覆;扰乱(既有秩序或模式))、render(使成为;致使(处于某种状态))、sophisticated(复杂的;精密的;高度发展的),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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