2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)
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2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 252 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%),作者立场为「客观中立」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的听力原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Devils Tower, the first national monument in America, could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree. Its sheer rock sides sweep up from a broad base until they cut off abruptly at the flat summit. Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming, the massive column of rock looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place.

In a sense it was. Devils Tower is a relic of the past, when the molten rock of the earth's core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano. As the centuries passed, the rock cooled and hardened, shrinking and cracking into long columns. Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water. The outer layers of the volcano were worn away, until the hard core stood completely exposed.

Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devils Tower as being formed by supernatural powers. The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help. The god caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the towering rock, as seven shining stars in the night sky.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Striking Appearance and Mystery of Devils Tower

    Devils Tower presents as a visually striking and geologically anomalous rock formation rising over 1,000 feet from Wyoming's plains, suggesting origins from a distant geological past.

    这个 opening paragraph 为整篇文章的 geological explanation 搭建了 essential foundation。通过 vivid visual description,它让读者 appreciate 这个 natural monument 的 physical uniqueness,这是理解其 geological significance 的 prerequisite。段落中的 mysterious tone('different time and place')directly sets up 第二段的 volcanic origin explanation。更重要的是,这个段落establish了文章的 explanatory pattern:从 observable present 追溯到 geological past。它fulfills了说明文 introduction 的 key function:present the phenomenon that needs explaining,为后续的 scientific account 创造了 natural narrative flow。

    识别开篇段的描述钩子、背景信息和过渡暗示三要素
  2. P2

    The Geological Formation: From Volcanic Fire to Erosional Exposure

    Devils Tower formed as a volcanic throat where molten rock cooled into columnar structures, and subsequent erosion removed surrounding material to expose the resistant core.

    这个 explanatory paragraph 是全文的 scientific core,它直接fulfill文章主旨中 'created by ancient volcanic activity' 这个 central claim。段落通过 three-stage process(volcanic formation → cooling crystallization → erosional exposure)完整地explain了 Devils Tower 的 geological genesis,回答了第一段 pose 的 'different time and place' 这个 implicit question。更重要的是,这个段落的 scientific explanation 为第三段的 cultural interpretation 提供了 factual foundation:正因为有这样 dramatic 的 geological history,才会inspire那些 supernatural legends。它demonstrate了说明文的 core function:用 systematic explanation 来 demystify natural phenomena。

    追踪初始条件、中间过程和最终状态的因果链条
  3. P3

    Cultural Interpretation: The Legend of the Seven Sisters

    An Indian legend offers a supernatural explanation for Devils Tower's formation, attributing its creation to divine intervention that lifted seven girls away from bears, connecting the formation to the Pleiades star cluster.

    这个 concluding paragraph 为文章增添了 essential cultural dimension,它不是 undermining 第二段的 geological explanation,而是 demonstrating that natural phenomena 可以support多重 interpretive frameworks。对于文章主旨,这个段落通过 contrast 实际上 reinforces 了 geological account 的 scientific validity,同时也show了 Devils Tower 作为 cultural landmark 的 significance。'Seven shining stars' 这个 poetic ending 把 terrestrial monument 和 celestial realm 连接,创造了 sense of wonder,这 echo 了第一段的 mysterious tone,让文章形成 circular structure。它demonstrate了优秀说明文的 characteristic:在提供 factual information 的同时,也 acknowledge human cultural responses to natural world,creating richer, more nuanced understanding。

    识别文化视角与科学解释的平行对比及其延伸意义
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2016年12月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 different time and place seem as if

    What makes Devils Tower seem as if it belongs to a different time and place?

    • A It is the stump of an enormous tree preserved in stone.
    • B Its summit remains hidden by the surrounding plains.
    • C Its towering, column-like form rises abruptly from the gentle Wyoming plains.
    • D It was transported to Wyoming by glaciers from another region.
    • E Its sides slope gradually upward from a narrow base.
    • F Its unusual appearance comes mainly from the seven stars above it.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    该项把 towering、column-like form 与 gentle plains 组合,准确复原了原文的核心对比:巨大的垂直岩柱置于缓缓起伏的平原中央,因而产生不属于周围环境的视觉效果。选项没有照搬 dropped down,而是用 rises abruptly 概括其突兀感,属于六级常见的“原文细节整合+近义概括”。其障碍在于,考生若只盯住 1,000 feet 这一数字,会忽略真正承担因果解释功能的是 form 与 plains 的反差。

    异质短语画面反证 时间极紧时,直接抓题干末尾的 different time and place,在 第1段 做短语级扫描;不要从 Devils Tower 这个全文重复名词开始。随后采用“画面反证法”:在脑中快速画出每个选项的地貌画面,只保留能同时容纳高耸岩体与平缓背景、并自然解释异质感的正确项。该法跳过逐句翻译,以空间画面核验正确项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 completely exposed wind and water

    How did Devils Tower become completely exposed?

    • A Molten rock rose to the surface and immediately formed the exposed tower.
    • B The rock shrank and cracked into columns after cooling.
    • C The earth's core pushed the entire volcano above the plains.
    • D Wind and water wore away the volcano's outer layers, leaving its hard core visible.
    • E The tower was lifted above the ground by the Rock God.
    • F The outer layers hardened faster than the inner rock.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项严格保留了原文的施事、受事和结果:wind and water 是外力,outer layers 是被侵蚀对象,hard core 是最终可见部分。leaving its hard core visible 是对 until the hard core stood completely exposed 的准确改写。障碍在于段内还出现 molten rock、cooled、hardened、cracking 等前期形成步骤;它们解释岩塔为何形成并具有柱状结构,却不直接解释为何核心从外部完全暴露。正确项抓住的是造成 exposed 的最后一环。

    终点前最后一击 紧张时只盯题干的 completely exposed,直接在 第2段 寻找同词和 until 结构,再向左读一个动作单位即可。随后采用“最后动作优先法”:过程题不先复盘整段年代顺序,而是先找紧贴终点状态、直接改变可见性的动作;能构成“外部消失,内部可见”闭环的正确项即为答案。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 According to the Indian legend marks on the sides

    According to the Indian legend, what caused the marks on the sides of Devils Tower?

    • A Wind and water carved the marks over many centuries.
    • B The Rock God cut the sides to create a path for the girls.
    • C The seven girls scratched the rock while seeking refuge.
    • D The rock cracked naturally as it cooled and hardened.
    • E The angry bears clawed the rock as it rose above the ground.
    • F The seven shining stars burned the lines into the rock.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    该项准确对应传说中的 while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears。angry bears 是明确施事,clawed the rock 对 scored by the claws 作主动语态改写,as it rose above the ground 对应岩石被神抬高的同时性。障碍在于原文使用被动结构,题目选项改成主动结构;考生须还原“痕迹由谁留下”,不能被 lift the girls 或 Rock God 等相邻信息分散注意力。

    被动痕迹倒查施事 最快路径是先圈出 According to the Indian legend,立即跳到 第3段;随后不要逐句翻译故事,而是执行“施事者倒查”:从 sides 与 marks 对应的被动痕迹表达,直接追问 by 后或工具短语所指的动作来源。与该来源、动作和痕迹三者闭合的正确项,即可在数秒内判定。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. Devils Tower的外观特征与地理位置

    这个意群通过 visual description 引入说明对象,描述了 Devils Tower 的 striking appearance——像是 enormous tree stump,有 sheer rock sides 和 flat summit,rising more than 1,000 feet,位于 Wyoming plains 之中,整体给人一种 out of place 的感觉

    作为 expository text 的 introduction part,这个意群通过 sensory details 和 spatial description 建立起读者对说明对象的 initial impression,为后续解释 geological formation 做铺垫,同时 the phrase 'from a different time and place' 暗示了接下来要揭示的 origin story

    描述地表可见形态
  2. Devils Tower的地质成因

    这个意群揭示了 geological truth,解释了 Devils Tower 其实是 volcanic throat——molten rock 从 earth's core 上升 forced its way to the surface,然后经过 centuries 的 cooling and hardening 形成 long columns,最后通过 erosion 作用,outer layers 被 worn away,只留下 hard core completely exposed

    这是 expository text 的 core explanation section,directly addresses 主旨中的 geological formation 和 volcanic activity。通过 chronological sequence(molten rock → cooling → erosion)完成 scientific account,解答了第一意群中 implied question:why does it look so unusual? 这个意群的 explanatory power 构成了整篇 exposition 的 factual foundation

    阐明火山成因过程
  3. 印第安传说的文化视角

    这个意群转向 cultural perspective,介绍了 Indian legend 对 Devils Tower formation 的 supernatural explanation——seven girls 被 bears 追赶,Rock God 让 rock 生长 lift them up,bears' claws 在岩石上留下 scored marks,girls 最终变成 seven stars in the night sky。这是一个 mythological account 与前面 scientific explanation 形成对照

    在 expository structure 中,这个意群扮演 alternative perspective 的角色。虽然主旨是 geological explanation,但通过 juxtaposing scientific account 和 mythological story,text 展现了 complete picture of how this formation has been understood。Phrase 'Small wonder' 建立了两个 explanatory systems 之间的 thematic link——both attempt to explain the extraordinary

    提供神话叙事版本
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段锁定说明对象 P1

    说明文的核心特征是 explain 或 describe 某个事物,所以 identifying the subject 是第一步。Opening sentence 通常会用 appositive structure 或 defining clause 来引入说明对象,这是说明文的 conventional pattern。

  2. 第二段锁定解释角度 P2

    说明文不只是 identify 对象,更要 explain 某个特定方面。通过 transition markers(如 In a sense、Actually、In fact)和 topic-specific vocabulary clusters(如地质类词汇),可以判断作者的 explanatory angle 是什么。这决定了主旨的 focus。

  3. 辨别核心与补充段落 P3

    说明文常会包含 contrasting perspectives 或 additional context,但这些不一定是主旨。通过 author's stance markers(如 legend、supposedly、it is said)和 paragraph function(描述 vs. 解释),可以区分 core explanation 和 peripheral content。主旨应该聚焦在 factual explanation,而非 cultural narrative。

  4. 提炼主旨三元结构 P1 P2

    说明文主旨是 integrative statement,需要 combine subject identification + explanatory mechanism。不是简单的 topic(Devils Tower),也不是 detailed process,而是 what it is + how it came to be 的 balanced summary。通过串联各段的 explanatory thread,形成 coherent main idea。

主旨信号词 relic P2 molten rock P2 volcano P2 worn away P2 hard core P2

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

魔鬼塔是美国第一座国家纪念碑,是由古代火山活动形成的地质构造。火山通道冷却成柱状岩石,侵蚀作用去除了周围的岩层,留下暴露的岩心在怀俄明州平原上矗立超过1000英尺。
Devils Tower, America's first national monument, is a geological formation created by ancient volcanic activity. The volcanic throat cooled into columnar rock, and erosion removed surrounding layers, leaving the exposed core rising over 1,000 feet above Wyoming's plains.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • abruptly 突然地、骤然地

    让我们把这些 clues 串联起来。首先,从 syntactic structure 看,abruptly 修饰的是 cut off 这个表示中断的动作。其次,从 semantic contrast 看,前面的 sweep up 是连续的、渐进的上升,而 cut off at the flat summit 则形成了一个不连续的、突然的结束,这种对比本身就在暗示 abruptly 的含义方向。最后,从 morphology 看,-ly 后缀表明这是在描述动作发生的方式。综合这三条线索,我们可以推断:abruptly 描述的是一种突然的、没有过渡的方式,与前面的渐进形成对比。

    副词三维分析法
  • relic 遗迹、遗物

    现在让我们整合所有的 clues。从 prepositional phrase 看,relic of the past 表明 relic 是属于 past 的某种东西。从 paragraph theme 看,整个 第2段 在讲述一个跨越 centuries 的 geological formation process,而 relic 是对这个 historical process 的产物的命名。从 discourse connection 看,relic 是对 第1段 结尾提出的 from a different time and place 这个概念的具象化表达。综合这三点,我们可以推断:relic 是指从过去的某个时期保存至今的物品或遗迹。

    跨层次整合推断法
  • refuge 避难所、庇护所

    把这三条 clues 结合起来。从 narrative sequence 看,took refuge 是在 attacked 和 appealed for help 之间的行动,功能上是应对危机的防御性措施。从 spatial relationship 看,refuge 与 on top of a small rock 这个能提供 vertical separation 的 location 相关联。从 plot development 看,后续情节证实了这个 location 确实提供了保护,bears 无法到达 girls。综合这些 contextual clues,我们可以推断:refuge 是指避难所、庇护所,一个能提供安全和保护、免受危险侵害的地方。

    情节功能分析法
  • score 刻画、划出(痕迹)

    现在整合所有的 contextual evidence。从 semantic roles 看,scored 是 claws 对 rock sides 产生的动作效果。从 plot inference 看,这是 bears 试图 climb 但失败后在岩石表面留下的 marks。从 legend function 看,scored 是在解释 Devils Tower 某种可见的 surface features。综合这些线索,我们可以推断:score 作为动词,是指在表面上刻画、划出痕迹或沟槽。这里用被动语态 were scored 强调的是岩石表面被刻画出痕迹的状态。

    动作效果溯源法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

7 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 打比方

    P1

    文章开篇用 "could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree" 这个 simile 来描述 Devils Tower,把这个 geological formation 比作巨大的 tree stump。这个 vivid comparison 让读者立刻 visualize 这个 rock column 的 shape 和 scale,为后续解释它的 geological origin 做好铺垫。通过这个 concrete image,抽象的 geological concept 变得更 accessible,帮助读者理解为什么这个 tower 看起来如此 unusual。

    信号词 could be mistaken for looks like resembles similar to as if as though like reminds one of brings to mind appears to be

    仿写: 写说明文时遇到 unusual shape 或 uncommon structure,可以问自己:What familiar object does this resemble? 然后用 "looks like"、"could be mistaken for"、"resembles" 这类 transitional phrase 来引入 comparison。模版:[Subject] + could almost be mistaken for + [familiar object],或者 [Subject] + looks as though + [imaginative scenario]。关键是选择 reader 都认识的 reference object,让 comparison 既 accurate 又 relatable。

  • 列数字

    P1

    文章用 "Rising more than 1,000 feet" 这个 specific measurement 来量化 Devils Tower 的 height。这个 precise number 给读者 concrete sense of scale,让 "massive" 这个 adjective 不再 vague。在说明 geological feature 时,exact figure 比 general description 更有 persuasive power,它把 subjective impression 转化为 objective fact,增强文章的 credibility 和 scientific rigor。

    信号词 more than approximately nearly about over up to as much as measuring reaching spanning weighing

    仿写: 在描述 physical object 或 phenomenon 时,问自己:What measurable aspect would help readers grasp the scale? 然后用 specific unit (feet, meters, pounds, degrees) 配合 action verb 如 "rising"、"measuring"、"reaching"。模版:[Subject] + [action verb] + [specific number] + [unit],比如 "rising more than X feet"、"spanning X miles"、"weighing approximately X tons"。记住 number 要 meaningful,不是为了 quantify 而 quantify。

  • 作诠释

    P2

    第二段开头用 "In a sense it was" 来 elaborate 第一段末尾 "from a different time and place" 的说法。这个 interpretive statement 为接下来的 geological explanation 搭建 bridge,把 metaphorical description 和 scientific fact 连接起来。通过这个 clarification,作者 smooth the transition from imaginative comparison 到 factual account,让 reader 理解 Devils Tower 确实是 geological relic from ancient times。

    信号词 In a sense In other words That is to say To put it another way In essence Essentially What this means is More specifically Put differently Which is to say

    仿写: 当你 make a statement 需要 further elaboration 时,在下一句用 interpretive marker 如 "In a sense"、"That is to say"、"In other words" 来引入 deeper explanation。模版:[Initial statement]. + In a sense/In other words + [interpretive expansion]。关键是 interpretive sentence 要 reveal underlying meaning 而不只是 restate,它应该帮助 reader see connections 或 understand implications。

  • 下定义

    P2

    第二段通过 "Devils Tower is a relic of the past, when the molten rock of the earth's core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano" 这个 sentence 给 Devils Tower 下了 geological definition。这个 definition 不是 dictionary-style 的 abstract explanation,而是 process-oriented description,解释了它 what it is (volcanic relic) 和 how it formed (molten rock forming volcano throat)。这个 precise definition 是全文的 conceptual foundation,让后续的 geological process description 有了 clear starting point。

    信号词 is a is defined as refers to means is known as is called represents constitutes is classified as can be described as

    仿写: 要给 complex concept 下定义,使用 formula: [Subject] + is + [category/class] + [relative clause with distinguishing details]。比如 "X is a [type of thing] that [key characteristic/process]"。在 geological 或 scientific context,可以 combine definition with formation process: "X is a [geological formation] formed when [process description]"。关键是 balance between conciseness 和 completeness—definition 要 informative 但不 overwhelming。

  • 分类别

    P2

    第二段描述了 Devils Tower formation 的 two distinct phases: "Born in fire and fury" (volcanic creation phase) versus "shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water" (erosion phase)。这个 classification 把 complex geological process 分成 two contrasting stages,用 opposing qualities (fire/fury vs. slow/gentle) 来 highlight the difference。这种 categorical organization 帮助 reader 理解 geological formation 不是 single event,而是 multiple processes across different time scales。

    信号词 Born in... shaped by First... then Initially... subsequently On one hand... on the other hand while whereas in contrast divided into consists of can be classified into

    仿写: 要实施分类别,先 identify logical basis for division (时间顺序、process type、contrasting features),然后用 parallel structure 来 present categories。可以用 contrasting phrases: "[Category A]... while [Category B]..." 或 sequential markers: "First... then..."。模版:[Subject] was [verb] by [Category 1 with descriptive details], [transition] by [Category 2 with contrasting details]。确保 categories 之间有 clear distinction 和 internal coherence。

  • 引资料

    P3

    第三段引用了 "an Indian legend" 来提供 alternative explanation of Devils Tower's formation。这个 reference 不是为了 scientific accuracy,而是展示 cultural perspective 和 add human dimension to geological feature。通过 contrast scientific explanation (第二段) with legendary account (第三段),作者 enrich the narrative 并 acknowledge indigenous cultural connection to this landmark。Legend 也 serve as memorable illustration of the tower's dramatic appearance。

    信号词 legend described according to as stated by research shows studies indicate experts suggest records reveal tradition holds it is said that sources report

    仿写: 引用资料时,用 attribution phrases 来 clearly mark the source: "According to [source]"、"[Source] suggests/describes/explains"、"As [source] indicates"。模版:[Attribution phrase] + [source] + [verb of reporting] + [quoted or paraphrased content]。对于 legends 或 stories,可以用 "The legend says that..." 或 "According to [cultural group] tradition..."。记得在引用后 connect back to your main point,解释 why this reference matters。

  • 作比较

    P2

    第二段通过 contrast "Born in fire and fury" 和 "the slow, gentle work of wind and water" 来 compare two fundamentally different geological processes。这个 comparison 用 opposing descriptors (fire/fury vs. slow/gentle) 来 emphasize the dramatic difference between volcanic formation 和 erosion。通过这个 juxtaposition,读者能 appreciate the complete transformation of Devils Tower—from violent creation to gradual refinement—highlighting the vast time scales 和 contrasting forces involved in geological change。

    信号词 while whereas in contrast unlike on the other hand conversely similarly like compared to in comparison rather than

    仿写: 实施作比较时,选择 meaningful comparison points 并用 clear contrastive or parallel structure。For contrasts, use: "[Item A] is [characteristic], while [Item B] is [opposite characteristic]" 或 "Unlike [A]..., [B]..."。For similarities: "Like [A], [B] also..." 或 "Both [A] and [B]..."。模版:[Process/Item 1] + [distinctive features], [contrastive conjunction] + [Process/Item 2] + [contrasting features]。确保 comparison points 是 relevant to your main argument。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 视觉错觉引发的认知反差

    P1
    could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree

    委婉表达 could almost be mistaken for might appear to be seems like looks as though could be taken for resembles gives the impression of

    这个 implication 是:Devils Tower 的 appearance 非常 unusual 和 striking,以至于会让人 误认为 misidentify 它是别的东西。言外之意在于 emphasize 它的 uniqueness 和 geological peculiarity。对 article's main idea 的作用是:通过 visual comparison 来 establish 读者对这个 formation 的 initial impression,为后续 explain 它的 volcanic origin 和 erosion process 做 groundwork。这种 striking visual quality 也 justifies 为什么它成为 America's first national monument。

  • 时空错位感的地质异常

    P1
    looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place

    比喻类 as though as if like looks like it was appears to have been seems to have been

    言外之意是:Devils Tower 与 surrounding plains 的 geological environment 完全 out of sync,它的 presence 如此 anomalous 以至于像是从 another era 被 transported 过来的。这 reinforces 它的 ancient volcanic origin 与 current landscape 的 stark contrast。对 main idea 的价值在于:这种 temporal and spatial displacement 的描述 foreshadows 第二段的 geological history explanation,为 reader 建立了 anticipation,让人想知道 how this formation came to be。

  • 时间与力量的戏剧性对比

    P2
    Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water

    对比类 Born in fire and fury, Devils Tower was then shaped by was then shaped by but then while whereas in contrast on the other hand

    言外之意是:Devils Tower 的 formation 经历了 two fundamentally different forces - 最初的 catastrophic volcanic violence 和随后的 patient erosion。这个 contrast implies 地质过程的 paradoxical nature:violent creation 和 gentle refinement 共同 shape 最终的 magnificent result。对 main idea 的作用是:这种 dual-process explanation 完整呈现了 how the volcanic core was both created and exposed,让 readers 理解 current appearance 是 both destruction and preservation 的结果,deepens 对 geological timescale 的 appreciation。

  • 传说对地质奇观的必然性

    P3
    Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devils Tower as being formed by supernatural powers

    反语类/情态表达 Small wonder that small wonder that no wonder little surprise hardly surprising it's only natural that understandably

    言外之意是:考虑到 Devils Tower 的 extraordinary appearance(前面描述的 dramatic visual quality 和 geological uniqueness),Indigenous people 用 supernatural explanation 来 account for 它的 existence 是 perfectly understandable 和 logical 的。这 implies 在缺乏 modern geology knowledge 的情况下,mythology 是 rational response to extraordinary natural phenomena。对 main idea 的价值:这个 shift 从 scientific explanation 到 cultural interpretation 展示了 same geological formation 可以被 understood through different frameworks,enriches the narrative 并 acknowledges 这个 monument 的 cultural significance beyond 纯粹的 geological interest。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立( Awed Admiration (within Objective Description))。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 锁定文体客观性 P1

    说明文的核心目的是informative,作者通常不会直接站队表达强烈的emotion,所以第一步要排除议论文式的判断句,锁定文章基调。

  2. 抓形容词情感值 P1 P2

    说明文里如果作者只是report事实,用词会very neutral(比如具体的1,000 feet),但一旦出现夸张或生动的modifier,就说明作者在字里行间流露personal feeling。

  3. 锚定隐性判断句 P3

    说明文里作者很少直说I think,但通过Small wonder that这种句式,其实是在暗示前面的事实是reasonable的,这是一种隐性的positive评价,是判断态度的关键线索。

  4. 综合判定基调方向 P1 P2 P3

    本文虽是纯粹的说明文,但作者反复用massive、enormous、Small wonder这类词渲染Devils Tower的grandeur,说明作者态度是客观陈述中带着由衷的赞叹,不是完全冷漠的report。

文中的态度信号词

  • massive P1

    massive用来修饰rock column,不是单纯的size描述,而是在强调这个natural landmark给人的visual impact,透露出作者对它的awe。

    同类词 enormous sheer towering huge

  • Small wonder P3

    Small wonder that直接点出作者认为Indian legend的产生是reasonable的,这其实是作者在为Devils Tower的震撼力做一个positive的背书。

    同类词 No wonder It's understandable that Unsurprisingly

  • Born in fire and fury P2

    这里用fire and fury这种带有dramatic色彩的metaphor来描述volcanic origin,又和后面slow, gentle work形成对比,体现作者在用文学化的语言表达对自然力量的赞叹。

    同类词 the slow, gentle work of wind and water worn away

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文?

  1. 首句引入说明对象 P1

    本文首句 'Devils Tower, the first national monument in America' 直接 introduce 了一个 concrete geographical landmark,这是典型的 expository writing pattern。议论文会先提出 viewpoint 或 controversial issue,新闻报道会用 lead paragraph 交代 who/what/when/where 的 breaking news。

  2. 段落呈现多维信息 P1 P2 P3

    第一段 describes physical appearance('sheer rock sides'、'flat summit'),第二段 explains geological formation process('molten rock'、'cooled and hardened'),第三段 adds cultural dimension('Indian legend')。这种 multi-faceted presentation 是 expository structure。议论文会用 premise-conclusion logic,新闻会用 inverted pyramid。

  3. 描述性动词主导 P1 P2

    文中充斥着 'could be mistaken'、'looks as though'、'was formed'、'were worn away' 这类 descriptive 和 process verbs,focus 在 what it is 和 how it came to be。议论文会多用 modal verbs(should、must)和 evaluative verbs(prove、demonstrate),新闻会用 reporting verbs(said、announced)和 action verbs。

  4. 作者保持客观中立 P1 P2 P3

    全文没有 opinion markers(I believe、clearly、unfortunately)、没有 persuasive language(we must、it is essential),也没有 journalistic attribution(according to officials)。作者只是 neutral 地 describe 和 explain,连 legend 也用 'says the legend' 客观呈现,而非 evaluate its truth。

  5. 主导目的是解释说明 P1 P2 P3

    综合检验 confirms:有明确 explanation object(Devils Tower)、无 argumentative thesis、无 news peg、structure 服务于 comprehensive understanding 而非 persuasion 或 timely reporting。这些 combined features 只能 point to exposition。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁?

  • the first national monument in America P1 说明对象定义解释词 a relic of the past the throat of a volcano a massive column of rock
  • As the centuries passed P2 说明顺序与例证词(时间/过程顺序类) until then Even today
  • Rising more than 1,000 feet P1 事物属性功能描述词(量化/外观描写类) sheer rock sides flat summit broad base
  • an Indian legend described P3 说明顺序与例证词(举例补充说明类) The legend says says the legend
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

3 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的常见问题

2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的主旨是什么?
魔鬼塔是美国第一座国家纪念碑,是由古代火山活动形成的地质构造。火山通道冷却成柱状岩石,侵蚀作用去除了周围的岩层,留下暴露的岩心在怀俄明州平原上矗立超过1000英尺。(英文表述:Devils Tower, America's first national monument, is a geological formation created by ancient volcanic activity. The volcanic throat cooled into columnar rock, and erosion removed surrounding layers, leaving the exposed core rising over 1,000 feet above Wyoming's plains.)
2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为说明文,作者立场是客观中立(Awed Admiration (within Objective Description))。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 252 词、3 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 233 篇(占 39%)。
2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群:第1段——Devils Tower的外观特征与地理位置;第2段——Devils Tower的地质成因;第3段——印第安传说的文化视角。
2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(Awed Admiration (within Objective Description))。判断路径:锁定文体客观性 → 抓形容词情感值 → 锚定隐性判断句 → 综合判定基调方向;文中的态度信号词包括 massive(第1段)、Small wonder(第3段)、Born in fire and fury(第2段)。
2016年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:abruptly(突然地、骤然地)、relic(遗迹、遗物)、refuge(避难所、庇护所)、score(刻画、划出(痕迹)),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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