2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3)
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2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 402 词、5 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%),作者立场为「客观中立(审慎警示)」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

5 段英文原文

以下为2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 的听力原文,共 5 段。左侧 P1–P5 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.

Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large doses. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too many aspirin pills as well as the possible development of Reye's syndrome in children with flu. In adults, excessive use of some painkilling drugs may cause severe kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can perhaps cause serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantities, except on your doctor's advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor's care.

Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk bleeding if he or she uses aspirin for a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together.

Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug—sleeping pills combine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.

Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

5 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Managing Adverse Reactions

    How to recognize and respond to adverse drug reactions.

    本段为全文建立了第一个 drug safety principle,即药物出现 adverse reaction 时不能自行忽视,而应及时停止并寻求专业建议。它直接对应文章主旨中的 recognizing and managing adverse reactions,也为后文讨论 overdose 和 interactions 奠定“谨慎用药”的总基调。

    定义加应对措施
  2. P2

    Avoiding Drug Overuse

    The dangers of overdosing on or regularly overusing over-the-counter drugs.

    本段从剂量角度补充全文的 drug safety framework,强调即使是常见的 over-the-counter drugs,也并非天然无害。它对应文章主旨中的 avoiding overdose dangers,并通过儿童中毒和成人器官损害增强了警示的现实性。

    总述统领例证
  3. P3

    Beware of Drug Interactions

    Drug interactions can be dangerous and require professional advice before drugs are combined.

    本段把全文的安全提醒推进到联合用药情境,说明危险不仅来自单种药物的 dosage,也来自药物之间的 interaction。它直接落实文章主旨中的 understanding drug interactions,并强化“用药前咨询专业人士”的贯穿性原则。

    机制风险加咨询
  4. P4

    Alcohol and Medicines

    Alcohol can make drug effects dangerous, so alcohol-drug combinations should be checked with a doctor.

    本段是对 drug interactions 的一个专门延伸,聚焦最常见却容易被忽视的 alcohol combination。它直接对应文章主旨中的 being cautious with alcohol combinations,使全文的用药安全建议更加贴近日常生活。

    首句风险末句建议
  5. P5

    Teaching Children Respect for Medicines

    Respectful treatment of medicines can help prevent children from developing drug abuse habits.

    本段将文章从“如何安全服药”的个人层面提升到“如何预防 drug abuse”的教育层面,构成全文的价值升华。它直接对应文章主旨中 teaching children to respect medicines to prevent drug abuse,也以家庭责任为全文收束。

    社会风险落到家教
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

5 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年12月英语六级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 adverse reaction serious

    What should a person do if an adverse reaction to a drug is serious?

    • A Continue taking the drug until the symptoms disappear.
    • B Ask a pharmacist to double the dosage.
    • C Consult a doctor for immediate advice.
    • D Wait to see whether the reaction becomes fatal.
    • E Replace the drug with alcohol.
    • F Take the drug only with food.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原文先给出一般 adverse reaction 的初步处理,再用 If an adverse reaction ... is serious 明确触发 consult your doctor for advice at once。正确项把 consult、doctor 和 at once 三个核心语义完整保留,只把第二人称指令改写为第三人称概括。障碍在于前文也出现 pharmacist,考生若忽略 serious 这一条件,就容易误选较早出现的建议。

    双格验令 时间极紧时,直接用题干中的 adverse reaction 在 第1段 做“术语跳读”,不必逐句精读;随后只看含 serious 的条件句及其后的动作谓语。把选项压缩成“处理主体+时间强度”两格,能同时满足两格的只有正确项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 over-the-counter drugs large quantities

    Why should over-the-counter drugs not be used regularly or in large quantities without a doctor's advice?

    • A They are ineffective at the dosage stated on the label.
    • B They always cause Reye's syndrome in adults.
    • C All painkilling drugs damage the kidneys after one dose.
    • D The user may be suffering from a serious illness that requires a doctor's care.
    • E Doctors recommend large quantities for stomach upsets.
    • F They cannot be taken by young children under any circumstances.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    原文在禁止 regular, continued use 或 large quantities 的警示之后指出,服药者 could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor's care。正确项将 could 改写为 may,将 needs 改写为 requires,但没有增加药物会 conceal 疾病之类的因果机制。障碍在于前文的 kidney damage 和 digestive problems 较为醒目,但它们分别依附于特定药物或过量条件,而末句直接说明了缺少医生建议时需要警惕的疾病风险。

    警示后句取因 在 第2段 中,先用 over-the-counter drug 和 large quantities 跳到总警示句,再查看紧随其后的解释句,不必先逐一分析前面的药物例子。随后按照“是否回答 why、是否适用于题干的完整用药模式、是否保持原文概率范围”三项反筛选,全部满足的正确项即可保留。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 blood-thinning medication heart-disease patient

    What risk may a heart-disease patient face by taking aspirin while using blood-thinning medication?

    • A A complete loss of the painkilling effect of aspirin.
    • B The development of serious digestive problems.
    • C A sleepy feeling caused by alcohol.
    • D Immediate immunity to heart disease.
    • E An increased risk of bleeding.
    • F Accidental poisoning from the labeled dose.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    原文明说 aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects,随后以 Therefore 推出患者若用 aspirin for a headache may risk bleeding。正确项保留了 risk 的不确定性和 bleeding 的具体后果,并把机制性表达压缩为 increased risk。障碍在于 aspirin for a headache 容易使考生把注意力落在 headache 上,但它只是服药目的,真正考点是与原有药物合用后的 bleeding。

    盯住因此后果 锁定 第3段 后,不要从段首泛读 interaction 原理,直接扫 aspirin 所在例句,并盯住 Therefore 这个“结论路标”。把选项中的后果词与 Therefore 后的结果词做一对一核验;同义压缩且没有改变概率的正确项即为答案。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 ask their doctors any drug

    What should people ask their doctors when taking any drug?

    • A Whether alcohol can make every medicine more effective.
    • B Whether sleeping pills can cure heart disease.
    • C Whether the medicine should be taken in large quantities.
    • D Whether a pharmacist can diagnose a serious illness.
    • E Whether alcohol should replace sleeping pills.
    • F Whether alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文用 When taking any drug 建立普遍条件,随后明确要求询问 whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine。正确项几乎完整保留 whether、alcohol、dangerous 和 combination 四个语义支点。障碍是段首的 sleepy feeling 只是 sleeping pills 与 alcohol 的示例;题干问 ask 什么,答案必须是危险性判断,而不是该示例的生理感受。

    抓住whether尾巴 在 第4段,直接以 ask 为视觉锚点,跳读到其后的 whether 从句,无需停留在前面的具体例子。再执行“问句形状匹配”:题干问医生“什么”,正确项必须对应 ask 后完整的询问内容,并保持原句的对象、关系、情态和评价方向。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 drug culture children

    How can adults help reduce the likelihood that children will join the drug culture?

    • A Treat medicines with respect and teach children not to use them carelessly.
    • B Allow children to use medicines whenever they have minor symptoms.
    • C Teach children that all drugs are harmless in labeled doses.
    • D Encourage adults to abuse legitimate medicines less secretly.
    • E Give children alcohol instead of medicine.
    • F Use painkilling drugs regularly under no circumstances.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:A

    原文明确说可通过 treating all medicines with respect 来 reduce the chances,并进一步要求 let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly。正确项将两句合并为“成人示范+儿童教育”的完整策略,保留 respect 与 carelessly 的价值判断。障碍在于 adult abuse 是前句提出的关系因素,考生若只抓 abuse 可能误选惩罚成年人,却忽略 by 后面给出的可操作方法。

    by后验法 在 第5段,用 drug culture 直达主题句群后,优先寻找 by 这一“手段触发器”和祈使或建议结构,不必先细读背景判断。将选项快速做“能否放进 by 后面”的语法与逻辑测试:能够自然充当 reduce the chances 的方式、且没有改变行动主体或目标方向的正确项即可锁定。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

5 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 药物副作用及应对

    这个 opening section 介绍了 adverse reactions 这个核心 concept,说明 common drugs 可能产生 side effects,也就是 unintended effects。重点在于 immediate action:一旦出现 adverse reaction 要 stop taking the drug,并且 consult pharmacist 或 doctor 来寻求 alternative solutions。

    作为 expository text 的 opening,这个意群 establishes 了 drug safety 的第一个 key principle,为后续 more specific warnings 奠定 foundation。通过 define adverse reactions 和 provide clear instructions,帮助 readers 建立 basic awareness of drug risks。

    识别和管理不良反应
  2. 药物过量的危险

    这个意群 shifts focus to overdose dangers,说明 safe dosage 和 large doses 的 dramatic difference。通过 concrete examples like aspirin poisoning in children 和 kidney damage from painkillers,illustrates how seemingly safe drugs 在 excessive use 时变得 dangerous。Emphasizes 不能 use over-the-counter drugs regularly without doctor's advice。

    这个意群 expands the safety framework by addressing dosage issues,是 expository development 的重要 component。通过 provide specific examples (aspirin, painkillers, stomach medications),makes abstract concept of overdose concrete and relatable,强化 readers' understanding of quantity control in drug safety。

    防止药物过量
  3. 药物相互作用

    这个意群 addresses drug interactions,解释 multiple drugs taken together 如何 alter each other's effects。Key example 是 aspirin and heart disease medications 的 dangerous combination,可能导致 bleeding risk。Stresses 要 consult doctor and pharmacist before combining drugs,因为 interactions can be fatal。

    这个意群在 expository structure 中 introduces complexity layer——从 single drug safety 扩展到 multi-drug scenarios。通过 explain interaction mechanisms 和 provide clinical example,helps readers understand that drug safety 不只是 individual drug 的问题,还涉及 combinations。这 deepens the overall safety framework。

    理解药物间相互作用
  4. 酒精与药物的联合效应

    这个 brief section 专门讨论 alcohol-drug interactions,说明 alcohol may increase drug effects。用 sleeping pills 和 alcohol 的 combination 作为 typical example,产生 enhanced sleepy feeling。Advises asking doctor about alcohol safety when taking any medication。

    虽然 paragraph short,但它在 expository structure 中 serves important function——highlights a specific, common interaction type。因为 alcohol consumption is widespread,单独 addressing this combination makes the safety information more practical and accessible。是对 interaction topic 的 important specification。

    谨慎处理酒精配伍
  5. 预防药物滥用的教育责任

    这个 concluding section 转向 broader social concern——relationship between adult medicine abuse 和 youth drug culture。Emphasizes parental responsibility in teaching children to respect medicines,通过 careful handling of legitimate drugs 来 reduce children's risk of joining drug culture。这是从 immediate safety 到 long-term prevention 的 shift。

    作为 expository text 的 conclusion,这个意群 elevates discussion from individual safety to societal impact。它 connects immediate drug safety practices to broader prevention of drug abuse culture,给 entire text 提供 moral and educational dimension。这种 scope expansion 是 effective expository endings 的 common strategy。

    教育儿童尊重药物
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 锁定首段主题词和动作 P1

    说明文expository text的首段typically会establish整篇文章的main topic。这段开头提到common drug和side effect,然后通过adverse reactions这个key term引出整篇文章要discuss的核心主题——药物的安全问题safety issues。首段的concluding sentence提到consult your doctor,暗示这是一篇关于safety guidance的文章。

  2. 识别多维度并列结构 P2 P3 P4 P5

    从第2段到第5段,每段都在discuss药物安全的different dimensions:第2段讲overdose危险,第3段讲drug interactions,第4段讲alcohol combination,第5段讲prevention of abuse。这种each paragraph one aspect的结构是典型的multi-faceted explanation pattern,说明文章主旨是comprehensive coverage某个主题的various facets。

  3. 统计指令性语言密度 P1 P2 P3 P4

    全文反复出现should/should not/never等strong modal verbs,以及ask/consult/follow等directive verbs,说明这不仅是informative text,更是instructional guidance。例如'you should stop','you should never use','you should ask'等表达贯穿全文,显示文章的primary purpose是teaching safe practices而非merely explaining现象。

  4. 提取风险警示词汇 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    文章充满negative outcome vocabulary:dangerous, fatal reactions, bleeding, poisoning, severe damage, drug abuse。每段都在highlighting potential hazards和their serious consequences。这种consistent emphasis on risks表明文章的underlying theme是safety和risk prevention,而非药物的benefits或mechanisms。

  5. 整合多维分析结果 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    第一步确定subject是drug safety,第二步发现文章cover了adverse reactions、overdose、interactions、alcohol、abuse prevention等multiple aspects,第三步识别出instructional tone表明这是safety guidance,第四步通过risk vocabulary确认emphasize的是dangers和precautions。Synthesize这些elements得出:文章主旨是explaining essential drug safety principles through multiple危险维度并providing preventive guidance。

主旨信号词 adverse reactions P1 dangerous P2 should P1 fatal P3 consult your doctor P1 respect P5

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

这篇说明文阐述了基本的用药安全原则:识别和处理不良反应、避免过量用药的危险、了解药物相互作用、谨慎对待酒精联用,以及教育儿童尊重药物以预防药物滥用。
This expository text explains essential drug safety principles: recognizing and managing adverse reactions, avoiding overdose dangers, understanding drug interactions, being cautious with alcohol combinations, and teaching children to respect medicines to prevent drug abuse.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

5 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • adverse 不利的;有害的;负面的

    我们把三条线索串联起来看:首先从 context clues 确认 adverse reaction 等同于 side effect other than intended;然后从 behavioral response(stop right away, consult doctor at once)确认其危险性;最后从 morphology 验证 ad-vers- 的 against/harmful 语义。三条线索形成交叉验证:语境定性 → 行为印证 → 词源支撑,共同指向 adverse 的核心含义。

    定义-行为-结构三角验证
  • dosage 剂量;用药量

    让我们整合这些 clues:首先从 safe dosage vs. dangerous large doses 的 contrast 确认 dosage 与 amount 相关;然后通过 too many pills, excessive use 等 examples 验证它指的是 controlled quantity;最后从 dose + -age 的 morphology 确认它是表示 measured amount 的名词。三条线索协同指向:dosage 就是医学上规定的用药量。

    对比-例证-后缀验证
  • excess 过量;超过(适当限度)

    整合三条线索:从 semantic field 看,excess 处于 too much/large doses/excessive 的 synonym cluster 中;从 consequence 看,in excess 导致 serious problems,证实其 beyond safe limit 的性质;从 etymology 看,ex- + cess 的 go beyond 构词逻辑与 contextual meaning 完全吻合。Context、consequence 和 morphology 三重证据指向同一结论。

    同义场-后果-程度前缀定位
  • fatal 致命的;致死的

    综合三条线索:首先从 dangerous or even fatal 的 escalating structure 确定 fatal 位于 severity spectrum 的顶端;然后通过 bleeding risk 这个 life-threatening example 具体化 fatal 的严重性;最后从 Latin fatum(death)的 etymology 直接确认 fatal 与 death 的本质联系。Syntax、example 和 etymology 三个维度共同锁定 fatal 的核心含义。

    程度定位-实例锚定-词根验证
  • legitimate 合法的;正当的;合理的

    让我们串联推理:首先从 abuse vs. legitimate 的 contrast 确定 legitimate 表示 proper/rightful status;然后从 treat with respect, not carelessly 的 collocations 验证它指 authorized/proper 性质;最后从 leg-(law)的 root 直接揭示 legitimate 的 legal/lawful 本质。三条线索从 opposition、collocation 和 etymology 三个角度共同确认词义。

    对立-搭配-规范词根三角
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 举例子

    P2 P3

    作者在讨论 adverse reactions(不良反应)和 drug dangers(药物危险)时,使用了多个 concrete examples(具体例子)来 illustrate(阐明)抽象概念。比如在 第2段 中提到 aspirin poisoning in children(儿童阿司匹林中毒)和 Reye's syndrome(瑞氏综合征),在 第3段 中举出 aspirin 与 heart disease medications(心脏病药物)的 interaction(相互作用)导致 bleeding risk(出血风险)。这些 specific cases(具体案例)让读者能够 tangibly understand(切实理解)drug safety risks(药物安全风险)不是 theoretical(理论上的),而是 real and serious(真实且严重的),强化了文章关于 careful drug use(谨慎用药)的 central message(核心信息)。

    信号词 For example For instance such as like including take... as an example a case in point to illustrate specifically

    仿写: 写作 drug safety(药物安全)类 expository text(说明文)时,要选择 familiar yet serious(熟悉但严重的)examples。思考:读者最可能接触什么 common medications(常用药物)?什么 consequences(后果)既 relatable(相关)又 alarming(令人警觉)?模版可以是:'For example, [常见药物] is often considered [普遍认知], but [具体危险案例] demonstrates that [安全教训].' 或者 'Sometimes [药物组合] can cause [具体后果]. For instance, when [情境A] combines with [情境B], [危险结果] may occur.'

  • 下定义

    P1

    文章开头 第1段 直接对 adverse reaction(不良反应)进行了 precise definition(精确定义):'the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one'。这个 definitional approach(定义式方法)为整篇文章建立了 conceptual foundation(概念基础)。通过明确什么是 adverse reaction,作者确保读者在理解后续 safety guidelines(安全指南)时有 clear reference point(清晰参照点)。这种 upfront clarification(前置澄清)对于 medical topics(医学话题)尤为重要,因为 terminology precision(术语精确性)直接影响 patient safety(患者安全)。

    信号词 That is means refers to is defined as is called in other words namely i.e. can be defined as

    仿写: 在说明 medical concepts(医学概念)时,要用 accessible language(易懂语言)给出 operational definition(可操作定义)。思考:这个 term(术语)的 essential characteristic(本质特征)是什么?它与 related concepts(相关概念)的 key difference(关键区别)在哪?模版:'[术语] means/refers to [核心特征]. That is, [进一步解释或与预期的对比].' 或者 'When [情况A] occurs, it is called [术语], which is defined as [具体定义].'

  • 列数字

    P2

    虽然这篇文章没有使用 explicit numerical data(明确数值数据),但在 第2段 中提到 'many reports'(许多报告)时,暗示了 quantitative evidence(定量证据)的存在。这种 implicit quantification(隐性量化)增强了 claims(主张)的 credibility(可信度)。在 drug safety literature(药物安全文献)中,即使不给出 precise statistics(精确统计),'many cases' 或 'frequent occurrences' 这类表述也能传达 prevalence(普遍性)信息,让读者意识到这不是 isolated incidents(孤立事件)而是 systematic concerns(系统性关切)。

    信号词 many numerous several frequent statistics show data indicates percentage rate of accounts for

    仿写: 在讨论 health risks(健康风险)时,可以引用 statistics(统计数据)或使用 quantitative language(数量语言)。思考:有多少 cases(案例)?多大 percentage(百分比)的人受影响?模版:'According to [来源], [具体数字/数量词] cases of [问题] have been reported.' 或者 'Studies show that [数字]% of patients experience [结果] when [情况].' 即使没有 precise data(精确数据),也可用 'numerous reports', 'increasing cases' 等表达 prevalence(普遍程度)。

  • 作诠释

    P1 P3 P4

    文章多处使用 explanatory elaboration(解释性阐述)来 clarify concepts(阐明概念)。比如 第4段 解释 alcohol-drug interaction(酒精药物相互作用):'sleeping pills combine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling'。这不是简单 restating(重述),而是 unpacking the mechanism(拆解机制)—说明 how(如何)和 why(为何)这种 combination(组合)危险。这种 interpretive approach(诠释方法)让 technical information(技术信息)变得 accessible(易懂),帮助 non-expert readers(非专业读者)grasp underlying logic(把握内在逻辑)而非仅仅 memorize rules(记住规则)。

    信号词 this means in other words to put it simply essentially the reason is this is because which explains why as a result

    仿写: 进行 interpretation(诠释)时,要 go beyond surface(超越表面)explain the 'how' and 'why'。思考:这个 phenomenon(现象)背后的 mechanism(机制)是什么?为什么会产生这样的 effect(效果)?模版:'[现象/概念] works by [机制解释]. This means that when [条件A], [结果B] occurs because [原因].' 或者 '[术语] is significant because [深层含义]. In practical terms, this indicates that [具体影响].'

  • 分类别

    P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    文章通过 categorical organization(分类组织)来 structure information(构建信息)about drug risks(药物风险)。每个 paragraph(段落)focus on(聚焦)a distinct category(不同类别):第1段 讨论 adverse reactions(不良反应),第2段 涉及 overdose dangers(过量危险),第3段 处理 drug interactions(药物相互作用),第4段 覆盖 alcohol combinations(酒精组合),第5段 涉及 societal implications(社会影响)。这种 systematic categorization(系统分类)让 complex subject(复杂主题)变得 manageable(易于管理),readers can easily navigate(读者能轻松导航)different types of risks(不同风险类型)并 retain information(保留信息)更有效。

    信号词 types of categories can be divided into fall into classified as first... second... third one type... another type includes

    仿写: 使用 classification(分类)时,要确保 categories(类别)mutually exclusive(互相排斥)and collectively exhaustive(共同穷尽)。思考:这个 topic(话题)的 natural divisions(自然分割)是什么?如何 group related information(归类相关信息)?模版:'There are [数字] main types/categories of [主题]: [类别1], [类别2], and [类别3].' 然后 dedicate separate sections(分配独立部分)to each category。或者用 parallel structure(平行结构):'First, [类别1情况]... Second, [类别2情况]... Finally, [类别3情况]...'

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

9 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 副作用严重性的递进警示

    P1
    If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.

    程度递进词 serious severe fatal dangerous critical acute grave

    这个 conditional statement 的言外之意是:大多数 adverse reactions 其实是 manageable 和 non-serious 的,可以通过 switch medications 来解决。只有当反应 crosses a threshold 达到 serious level 时,才需要 doctor's immediate involvement。这种 differentiation 对文章主旨至关重要,因为它 establishes a 用药安全的 tiered response system,既避免了 unnecessary panic,又确保了 critical situations 得到及时处理,体现了 practical drug safety 的 nuanced approach。

  • 常见药物的潜在危险性反差

    P2
    aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning

    转折对比类 seldom thought of as dangerous, but but however yet although though while

    这句话的 implication 是:药物的 perceived safety 和 actual danger 之间存在 significant gap,尤其是对于 household medications。Public familiarity 导致 complacency,人们 underestimate risks of 'safe' drugs。这对主旨 crucial 因为它 addresses a 关键的 behavioral risk factor—overconfidence with 常用药。通过 highlighting aspirin's dual nature(familiar yet dangerous),作者 establishes that 任何药物,无论多 common,都需要 be treated with caution,这 reinforces the 整体 respect for medicines 的主题。

  • 过量使用的潜在后果升级

    P2
    excessive use of some painkilling drugs may cause severe kidney damage

    情态词模糊限制语 may cause may might could can possibly potentially

    May cause 的 implication 是:这些 serious consequences 不是 inevitable,而是 dose-dependent and preventable。言外之意告诉读者 you have control—遵循 proper dosage 就能 avoid these risks。这 supports 主旨的 practical safety approach,因为它 empowers readers 通过 responsible use 来 minimize dangers,而不是 simply scare them。这种 nuanced risk communication 对于 encouraging compliance 而非 medication avoidance 至关重要。

  • 持续用药背后的潜在疾病警示

    P2
    You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor's care.

    情态词推测表达 You could be could be might be may be possibly perhaps potentially

    Could be suffering 的言外之意是:长期依赖 OTC drugs 往往是 masking symptoms of 更严重的 underlying conditions,而不是 addressing root causes。这 implicitly criticizes self-medication as 一种 temporary fix,暗示 readers 应该 pursue proper diagnosis rather than symptom management。对主旨而言,这 reinforces the 核心 message about medical supervision 的 importance,同时 explaining why doctor's advice 不仅是为了 drug safety,更是为了 overall health management。

  • 药物相互作用的致命风险递进

    P3
    Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions.

    递进强化词 dangerous or even fatal or even even not only...but also moreover furthermore worse still

    Or even fatal 的 implication 是:drug interactions 不是 minor inconveniences,而是 potentially life-threatening。Even 这个词 signals that fatal outcomes,虽然可能不常见,但 are within the realm of possibility。这对主旨 critical 因为它 elevates drug interactions 从 technical concern 到 survival issue,justifying the strong emphasis on consulting doctors before combining medications。这种 maximum-risk framing 确保 readers take combinations seriously。

  • 专业咨询前的行动顺序要求

    P3
    Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice.

    时序限制词 Before before prior to until not...until only after first...then

    Before 的 implication 是:drug combinations 的风险是 immediate and irreversible once taken,所以 consultation 必须是 preventive measure,不能是 post-facto response。这 reinforces 主旨的 proactive safety approach—等到 reactions occur 再求助 already too late for some risks。这种 temporal framing 将 medical consultation 定位为 necessary precondition rather than optional resource,强化了 professional guidance 在用药安全中的 gatekeeping role。

  • 酒精与药物相互作用的提问建议

    P4
    you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine

    条件疑问式委婉表达 whether...could be dangerous whether if in case what if should you would it be

    Should ask whether...could be dangerous 的 implication 是:alcohol-drug combinations 很可能 indeed dangerous,所以 default assumption 应该是 avoid 除非 doctor explicitly approves。这种 framing 通过 making inquiry mandatory 暗示 risk is common enough to warrant universal precaution。对主旨而言,这 extends the 药物交互 theme 到 lifestyle factors,broadening the safety framework 并 emphasizing that responsible use 涉及 multiple considerations beyond just medications。

  • 成人用药与青少年药物滥用的关联

    P5
    Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture

    因果关联词 relationship between connection between link to associated with related to correlation between

    Relationship between 的 implication 是:parents' casual attitude toward medications 可能 normalize drug misuse for children,creating a 行为传递 behavioral transmission pathway。这 shifts 药物安全 from purely medical concern 到 social responsibility issue。对主旨而言,这 provides a 更深层的 motivation for safe practices—不仅保护 yourself,更是为 next generation 树立 proper attitudes。这种 intergenerational framing 将 individual safety behavior 提升为 societal issue,强化了文章的 broader significance。

  • 药物尊重教育的预防作用

    P5
    reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture

    概率降低表达 reduce the chances reduce chances lower risk decrease likelihood minimize probability lessen risk cut down on

    Reduce chances 的 implication 是:no parenting approach 能 guarantee 完全 prevention,但 treating medicines with respect 显著 lowers risk。这种 measured claim 既 realistic about 社会 environmental factors beyond parental control,又 empowering about 家庭 influence within reach。对主旨而言,这 concludes the 整体 safety framework with a 前瞻性 preventive perspective,showing 用药安全 extends beyond immediate personal protection 到 cultivating 下一代的 healthy attitudes,completing the 文章's comprehensive approach from individual safety to social responsibility。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立(审慎警示)

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立(审慎警示)( Cautious and advisory concern)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段祈使定调 P1

    说明文通常客观陈述事实,但当作者在首段就用should/must等modal verbs下达instruction时,说明ta并非单纯罗列信息,而是带着一种cautionary的立场在引导读者行为。

  2. 中段风险词密度 P2 P3 P4

    说明文中,如果作者只是客观介绍药物作用,用词会偏中性,比如effect、result;但一旦出现dangerous、fatal这种带有明显negative connotation的词,说明作者在刻意放大risk,传递警示意图。

  3. 尾段呼吁验证 P5

    说明文的尾段往往是全篇态度的summary,如果尾段用respect、carelessly这种带有道德评判色彩的词,说明作者的态度已经从单纯的medical warning延伸到了社会责任层面的advocacy。

  4. 三线交叉定调 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    三个层次的signal(imperative mood、negative vocabulary、call to action)相互印证,说明作者并不是在单纯批判某个对象,而是保持一种客观中立但带有警示意味的instructive态度,这正是说明文常见的cautionary tone。

文中的态度信号词

  • should stop...right away P1

    这个词组用strong imperative语气告诉读者一旦发生adverse reaction就要立刻行动,直接体现作者对drug safety的重视和cautionary立场。

    同类词 should right away at once immediately consult...advice

  • dangerous P2

    dangerous这个词直接给aspirin等常见drug贴上negative标签,打破了『common drug=safe』的常规认知,强化了作者要提醒读者提防的态度。

    同类词 poisoning damage serious excessive

  • risk bleeding P3

    risk bleeding具体化了合并用药的后果,让抽象的『danger』变成读者能感知的real consequence,增强警示的说服力。

    同类词 risk fatal alter the effect dangerous reactions

  • should never use P2

    never这种absolute prohibition强化了作者对over-the-counter drug滥用的零容忍态度,是全篇态度最强烈的一处。

    同类词 never should not must not except on your doctor's advice

  • carelessly P5

    carelessly这个词把前面所有medical warning延伸到parenting和社会责任层面,让作者的态度从单纯的健康提醒upgrade成一种教育倡议。

    同类词 abuse respect drug culture

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文?

  1. 首句陈述事实而非观点 P1

    说明文的 opening 会直接 present information 而不是 make claims 需要 argue,也不会像 news 那样用 when/where/who 的 lead paragraph。这篇文章用 'Sometimes when you take a common drug' 来 introduce the topic of side effects,是典型的 expository opening,不是 argumentative thesis 也不是 news lead。

  2. 分主题平行展开结构 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    说明文会 systematically cover 一个 topic 的 multiple facets,每段 focus on one aspect。议论文会用 claim-evidence-reasoning structure,news 会用 inverted pyramid 把 most important info 放前面。这篇的 each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of drug safety,是 typical expository structure,不是 building an argument 也不是 prioritizing by news value。

  3. 客观指导性语气 P1 P2 P3 P4

    说明文的 tone 是 informative and advisory,用 'you should' 来 guide actions based on facts。议论文会用 'we must' 'it is essential' 这样的 strong persuasive language。News 会用 'officials said' 'according to' 这样的 attribution。这篇通篇用 'should' 'may' 'can' 来 provide practical advice,是 典型的 expository advisory tone。

  4. 无立场无时效信息 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    说明文的 content 是 general and applicable across time,focus on 'how things are' 或 'how things work'。议论文必须 have a clear thesis position,比如 'drug regulations should be stricter'。News 必须 have temporal specificity,比如 'yesterday' 'last week'。这篇文章 nowhere takes a debatable position,也 no time markers,纯粹是 informational content about drug safety practices。

  5. 四维特征综合识别 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    把四个步骤 combine 起来形成 complete diagnostic framework。这篇文章在 every dimension 都 show expository features:factual opening (not argumentative thesis or news lead),parallel subtopic structure (not argument chain or inverted pyramid),advisory tone (not persuasive or reportorial),general knowledge (not debatable position or recent events)。这 confirms 它是 典型的 expository text explaining drug safety。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁?

  • That is P1 定义解释词 in other words namely specifically to put it another way which means
  • For example P2 举例说明词 for instance such as like including to illustrate
  • may cause P1 因果关系词 can cause may result in can lead to may produce results in
  • should P1 说明性建议词 need to ought to it is important to it is necessary to be sure to
  • When P1 条件情境词 If Whenever In case Once As soon as
  • may be P2 可能性陈述词 can be might be could be is likely to tends to
  • there are many reports of P2 事实引证词 there are reports of research shows studies indicate evidence suggests it has been found that
  • are called P1 术语命名词 is called is termed is known as is referred to as are named
  • acts on P3 功能描述词 works by functions as operates by serves to is used to
  • whether P1 判断询问词 if which what how when
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

3 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 的常见问题

2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章的主旨是什么?
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章说明文阐述了基本的用药安全原则:识别和处理不良反应、避免过量用药的危险、了解药物相互作用、谨慎对待酒精联用,以及教育儿童尊重药物以预防药物滥用。(英文表述:This expository text explains essential drug safety principles: recognizing and managing adverse reactions, avoiding overdose dangers, understanding drug interactions, being cautious with alcohol combinations, and teaching children to respect medicines to prevent drug abuse.)
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为说明文,作者立场是客观中立(审慎警示)(Cautious and advisory concern)。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 402 词、5 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 233 篇(占 39%)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 5 段按说明文骨架分为 5 个意群:第1段——药物副作用及应对;第2段——药物过量的危险;第3段——药物相互作用;第4段——酒精与药物的联合效应;第5段——预防药物滥用的教育责任。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(审慎警示)(Cautious and advisory concern)。判断路径:首段祈使定调 → 中段风险词密度 → 尾段呼吁验证 → 三线交叉定调;文中的态度信号词包括 should stop...right away(第1段)、dangerous(第2段)、risk bleeding(第3段)、should never use(第2段)、carelessly(第5段)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section C (3) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 5 个:adverse(不利的;有害的;负面的)、dosage(剂量;用药量)、excess(过量;超过(适当限度))、fatal(致命的;致死的)、legitimate(合法的;正当的;合理的),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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