2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part III Section C (2) Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie
CET-6 · 来自 2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 · Part III Section C (2) · 阅读理解(四选一)

Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie

2017年12月英语六级真题第2套文章逐层精读

Huffington Post《赫芬顿邮报》2017,12.06 文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie(为什么智能城市,智能企业和智能居家将给你的生活带来巨变)。

本页是 2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part III Section C (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇议论文全文 444 词、9 段,CEFR 难度 C1(C1 级在英语六级文章中占 58%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

9 段英文原文

以下为2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part III Section C (2) 的阅读理解(四选一)原文,共 9 段。左侧 P1–P9 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie

Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we have come in just a few years. The latest iPhone 6s, for example, has a dual-core processor and fits nicely into your pocket. By comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.

It's no wonder that new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug on the end of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle will expand to create our own smart home lifestyle too.

All researchers agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials(千禧一代) are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.

However, this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management.

Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.

We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remains connected, always online and talking to each other. The big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.

The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities.

The good news is that most of this technology is already invented. Let's face it, it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant Utopian(乌托邦式的) dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.

It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

9 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    From Pocket to Power: The New Normal

    Modern technology has advanced so quickly that powerful specifications like a smartphone's processor now fit into a pocket, surpassing the old laptop standard.

    这一段为整篇文章奠定**technological backdrop**,说明科技已经飞速进入人们的日常生活。它通过最贴近读者的移动设备切入,让后面的IoT、smart home和smart city讨论显得自然且可信。

    手机与笔记本的对比
  2. P2

    From Smartphones to Smart Homes

    Because nearly every new device is connected to the internet, the Internet of Things is expanding rapidly, moving us from a smartphone-centric life to a smart home ecosystem.

    这一段把文章从**general technological progress**引入IoT这个具体领域,并首次提出smart home lifestyle。它像一座桥梁,把手机革命和未来全连接世界连接起来。

    no wonder与soon的因果推进
  3. P3

    The Connected Home Arrives

    By 2020, tens of billions of devices will be connected, and as Millennials dominate the workforce, the fully connected home will become a widespread reality.

    这一段用未来数据和人口结构变化强化**inevitability**,说明智能家庭不是遥远的幻想,而是即将到来的普遍现实。它为后文进一步扩展到smart buildings和smart cities做好了论证铺垫。

    25 billion与2020的预测组合
  4. P4

    The Tip of the Smart Iceberg

    Smart buildings and cities represent the next stage beyond smart homes, as leaders recognize the massive savings offered by connected sensors and automation.

    这一段把文章层次从**smart home**提升到**smart buildings and cities**,同时引入经济效益这一重要论据。它让文章不再只谈技术浪漫,而是与商业和城市治理的现实利益挂钩。

    tip of the iceberg的层次扩展
  5. P5

    Sensors at Work

    Connected sensors and intelligent systems are transforming traditional operating costs into opportunities for unprecedented control, efficiency, and improvements.

    这一段用建筑中的实际应用证明上一段的观点,让smart buildings的benefit变得具体可信。它服务于文章主旨中关于cost savings和efficiency improvement的论述。

    摄像头、照明、传感器的功能归纳
  6. P6

    Data as Actionable Knowledge

    In a fully connected world, the biggest benefit is not just storing massive data but using real-time analytics to generate actionable knowledge.

    这一段进一步解释connected world的核心价值:**data analytics**。它把技术从物理设备层面提升到信息和知识层面,为下一段提出如何利用数据这一挑战做铺垫。

    data存储与实时分析的层次对比
  7. P7

    The Creative Data Challenge

    The central challenge is to creatively leverage the growing amount of data to deliver tangible benefits for both businesses and citizens of smart cities.

    这一段承接上一段的数据分析趋势,把文章引向“如何行动”的关键问题。它为后文“技术已经具备”的乐观判断提供了逻辑前提:挑战在于创造力,而不在于基础技术。

    biggest challenge与how to的聚焦
  8. P8

    The Future Is Already Here

    Most of the required technology already exists, and once-distant dreams such as working anywhere and anytime have already become achievable.

    这一段是重要的**feasibility argument**,说明文章所追求的智能生活不是空想,而是建立在已存在技术上的现实趋势。它加强了结尾段呼吁的力量。

    从乌托邦梦想到随时办公
  9. P9

    Wake Up to a Smarter Life

    Smart homes, buildings, and cities will dramatically improve our quality of life, so it is time to wake up and embrace this smart future.

    这一段完成全文的价值升华:之前讨论的技术、设备、数据和效益,最终都指向**quality of life**。它不仅总结全文,还向读者发出行动呼吁,是标准的argumentative conclusion。

    wake up与quality of life的总结呼吁
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

9 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年12月英语六级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 iPhone 6s technological specification

    How does the iPhone 6s compare with a standard laptop?

    • A It shows that iPhones have replaced laptops in offices.
    • B It proves that dual-core processors were invented recently.
    • C Its technological specification is comparable to that of a standard laptop.
    • D It indicates that pocket size is more important than processing power.
    • E It emphasizes the rapid decline in laptop prices.
    • F It demonstrates that smartphone technology has surpassed computer technology.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原文指出,这样的 technological specification 通常会出现在 standard laptop 上,因此手机与笔记本电脑在该规格维度上具有可比性。正确项以 comparable to 改写 like this 所表达的对应关系,并用 that 代替重复的 technological specification。设置的障碍在于,考生必须把比较限制在 specification 层面,不能扩大为两类设备在所有方面完全相同。

    专名定位后核对比较程度 时间紧张时,直接用 iPhone 6s 定位 第1段,再捕捉 By comparison 和 standard laptop。无需通读全部修饰语,只需确认 comparison 的对象、维度和程度,然后在选项中寻找同时保留 technological specification 与相当关系的正确项,并排除含 replace、surpass 等升级性动词的选项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 new applications for the Internet of Things

    Why are new applications for the Internet of Things advancing rapidly?

    • A Our smartphone lifestyle has already become outdated.
    • B Wireless connections are cheaper than wired ones.
    • C The Internet of Things has replaced traditional internet.
    • D Almost every new device we buy has either a plug or a wireless connection to the internet.
    • E Smart homes are already widespread worldwide.
    • F The new devices are faster than old laptops.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项准确复现 almost every new device we buy 以及 has a plug or a wireless connection to the internet 两部分信息。原文利用这一普遍的 connection condition 解释 IoT applications 快速推进,因此该项与题干要求的 reason 直接对应,也没有把 plug 擅自等同为 wireless internet access。

    现象定位后直取原因从句 先用 new applications for the Internet of Things 定位 第2段,再直接读取与 moving ahead fast 相连的 when 从句。将该从句压缩为 new device 加 connection feature 的结构,然后选择完整保留 plug 或 wireless connection 这一并列关系的正确项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 2020

    What is predicted to happen by the year 2020 according to researchers?

    • A 75% of the global population will be Millennials.
    • B Smart buildings will become a norm in big cities.
    • C Only 25 billion sensors will be in use.
    • D Fully connected homes will remain a dream for most people.
    • E Close to 25 billion devices will be connected, Millennials will make up 75 percent of the workforce, and fully connected homes will become a reality for many people.
    • F Researchers disagree on the number of connected devices.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    该项保留了原文的三项并列预测:close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors 将 connected;Millennials 将 make up 75 percent of the workforce;fully connected home 将 become a reality for large numbers of people。选项用 devices 作概括,并用 many people 对应 large numbers of people,没有偷换数字主体或反转预测方向。

    年份定位并核对数字归属 用 2020 直接定位 第3段,把句子压缩为四组醒目信息:close to 25 billion、connected devices、75 percent of the workforce、fully connected home。随后扫描选项,选择能够正确绑定这些数字与主体并覆盖并列预测的正确项。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 massive savings

    What is driving the trend toward smart buildings and cities, as mentioned in the text?

    • A The rapid development of the Internet of Things.
    • B The need for more intelligent lighting systems.
    • C The desire to achieve higher levels of automation.
    • D The increasing popularity of Millennials in the workforce.
    • E The decline in the cost of sensors.
    • F Leaders and business owners are realizing the massive savings that technology can deliver.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文明确说明 leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver。正确项用 are realizing 改写 begin to wake up to,同时完整保留施动者、massive savings 和 technology can deliver 三个核心要素,因此准确解释趋势的 driver。

    利益词定位并回读施动者 先从选项提取 massive savings,直接定位到 第4段,再读取它前面的施动者和认知动作。正确项需要同时保留 leaders and business owners、realizing 以及 technology-related savings;只谈 IoT、lighting 或 automation 的选项可立即排除。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 online security cameras

    What are online security cameras, intelligent lighting and sensors offering improvements to?

    • A What were once classed as necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.
    • B The overall productivity of employees.
    • C The security level of smart homes.
    • D The air quality in large cities.
    • E The efficiency of online data transfer.
    • F The reduction of building maintenance staff.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:A

    原文的 improvements to 后面直接接 what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building。正确项补出自然表达中的 as,但没有改变含义,并完整保留 once classed、necessary costs 以及 business or large building 的适用语境。

    沿介词to锁定改善对象 用 online security cameras 定位 第5段 后,直接跳到 improvements to,并读取 to 后面的 nominal clause。正确项应保留 necessary costs 以及 running a business or managing a large building 的范围;其他仅与设备功能相关的名词可快速排除。

  6. 第 6 段 定位词 big benefit

    What big benefit, beyond housing data, does the ever-growing interconnected environment offer?

    • A The ability to keep every connected device permanently online without failures.
    • B The capability to perform real-time data analysis and derive actionable insights.
    • C The replacement of human analysts with automated systems.
    • D The reduction of internet connection costs.
    • E The creation of a fully connected home environment.
    • F The development of new devices with plugs and wireless connections.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:B

    题干已明确排除 housing data,原文在 but also 部分给出 ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge。正确项用 perform real-time data analysis 改写 run real time data analytics,并用 derive actionable insights 改写 extract actionable knowledge,准确对应新增 benefit。

    排除已知项后读取递进新增项 用 big benefit 定位 第6段,看到 beyond housing data 后直接跳读 not only 部分,只核对 but also 后的 action-result chain。正确项应同时对应 real-time data analysis 和 actionable insights,重复 storage 或讨论 connectivity 的选项无需细读。

  7. 第 7 段 定位词 biggest and most exciting challenge

    What is the biggest and most exciting challenge concerning this technology?

    • A How to connect more devices to the Internet.
    • B How to store the ever-growing amount of data securely.
    • C How to creatively use the ever-growing amount of data to generate cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits.
    • D How to reduce the cost of sensors and intelligent lighting.
    • E How to convince Millennials to adopt smart home technology.
    • F How to make buildings smarter by using more automation.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原文将 challenge 定义为 how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits。正确项用 use 改写 leverage,用 generate 改写 deliver,同时保留 creatively、ever-growing amount of data 以及三类目标结果,语义完整一致。

    拆解how to的动作对象目的 用 biggest and most exciting challenge 定位 第7段,直接把 how to 后的结构压缩为 creatively leverage data 加 deliver benefits。随后只检查选项是否同时保留 action、object 和 purpose;缺少任一部分或将 leverage 改成 connect、store 的选项立即排除。

  8. 第 8 段 定位词 access to the internet

    What can we do today as long as we have access to the internet?

    • A We can work from anywhere without any internet connection.
    • B We can perform all office tasks more efficiently than before.
    • C We can replace office buildings with smart homes.
    • D We are able to do nearly any office task from any location if we have internet access.
    • E We can realize the Utopian dream of working without technology.
    • F We can invent most of the necessary smart technologies.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    原文说明 we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet。正确项用 are able to 对应 can,do nearly any office task 对应 perform almost any office-based task,并用 if we have internet access 保留必要条件,范围和逻辑均一致。

    句末条件定位后向前取主句 用 access to the internet 反向定位 第8段 的句末条件,再向前读取同一句主干。将信息压缩为 perform office-based task、from any location 和 internet condition,选择同时保留三项的正确项。

  9. 第 9 段 定位词 making smart buildings, cities and homes

    What will be the effect of making smart buildings, cities and homes, as stated in the text?

    • A It will reduce the cost of living dramatically.
    • B It will connect all devices globally.
    • C It will make working from anywhere a permanent reality.
    • D It will replace traditional cities with smart ones quickly.
    • E It will greatly enhance our quality of life.
    • F It will help achieve a Utopian society.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    原文使用 will dramatically improve our quality of life。正确项以 greatly 对应 dramatically,以 enhance 对应 improve,并完整保留 quality of life 这一宾语,是对结论效果的准确同义改写。

    结论主语后直取谓语宾语 用 making smart buildings, cities and homes 定位 第9段,只读取其后的谓语和宾语。正确项应同时对应 dramatically improve 和 quality of life;只谈 living costs、device connection 或 remote work 的选项可直接排除。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

5 个意群的议论文骨架

按议论文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引言 P1 P2

    科技飞速发展的现状观察

    作者通过 iPhone 6s 和 laptop 的 comparison 来 illustrate 当今 technology 发展的 incredible speed,我们的 world 变化太快以至于很少 stop to reflect 这种进步,这为后文讨论 IoT 的 impact 奠定了 foundation。

    这个 opening paragraph 通过 concrete example 建立了 technological advancement 的 context,为后续讨论 smart devices 和 IoT 如何 transform our lives 提供了 persuasive starting point,让读者意识到 rapid change 已经是 reality。

    展示技术进步速度
  2. 分论点 P3

    物联网发展的规模与时间节点

    作者提供了 specific data 和 timeline,指出到 2020 年将有 25 billion devices connected,同时 Millennials 将占 workforce 的 75%,fully connected home 将成为 widespread reality,用 concrete numbers 支撑 IoT transformation 的 inevitability。

    这个 supporting paragraph 通过 quantitative evidence 强化了 argument 的 credibility,specific statistics 让 IoT transformation 从 abstract concept 变成 measurable reality,同时 demographic shift 的提及暗示这不仅是 technological change,更是 societal transformation。

    量化物联网规模
  3. 分论点 P4 P5

    智能建筑和城市的商业价值

    作者将 discussion 从 homes 扩展到 smart buildings 和 cities,强调这只是 tip of the iceberg,leaders 和 business owners 开始意识到通过 connected sensors、automation 和 intelligent management 能够实现 massive savings,这展示了 IoT 在 commercial 和 urban scale 的 transformative potential。

    这个 paragraph 完成了重要的 scope expansion,从 individual homes 到 entire cities,证明 smart technology 的 benefits 不局限于 personal convenience,更能带来 large-scale economic impact。这种 scaling up 强化了 main argument 的 significance 和 broader implications。

    扩展至城市级应用
  4. 分论点 P6 P7

    数据分析带来的核心价值

    作者从 connectivity 本身转向其 deeper value,指出真正的 big benefit 不仅在于 housing massive data,更在于 run real-time analytics 来 extract actionable knowledge,这揭示了 smart systems 的 intelligence layer,从 connection 到 insight 的 critical leap。

    这段将 argument 从 physical connectivity 提升到 data intelligence,展示 smart technology 的 value 不只是 automation,更是 informed decision-making。这个 layer 的添加让 overall argument 更 sophisticated,证明 transformation 是 fundamental 而非 superficial。

    强调数据价值转化
  5. 结论 P8 P9

    技术现实与未来展望

    作者在 conclusion 中指出 good news 是 technology 已经 invented,通过 working remotely 的 example 证明曾经的 Utopian dream 已成 reality,最后 call to action 让读者 wake up 认识到 smart buildings/cities/homes 将 dramatically improve quality of life,完成从 argument 到 actionable awareness 的转变。

    这个 concluding section 执行了两个 key functions:reassure readers(technology exists)和 inspire action(wake up to possibilities)。通过 remote work 的 relatable example,作者将 abstract future 变成 believable reality,ending 的 call to awareness 强化了 entire argument 的 practical relevance。

    呼吁认识转变
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

6 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 6 步按2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段对比识别话题 P1

    议论文的 first paragraph 通常会 introduce the topic 并 establish the context,通过 comparison 对比手法(比如 iPhone vs laptop)来 highlight 突出 rapid progress,这为后文的 argument 提供 foundation 基础。

  2. 中段预测性语言追踪 P2 P3

    议论文的 development stage 会从 current state 过渡到 future implications,通过 predictive language(如 soon、will become、are expected to)来 signal 作者的 argumentative direction。这些 transition markers 标记了 argument 从 observation 观察到 prediction 预测的 shift 转变。

  3. 范围递增层级识别 P3 P4 P5

    议论文常用 scope expansion 来 strengthen the argument,从 small-scale examples 逐步 escalate 到 large-scale implications。这种 structural pattern(个人→家庭→建筑→城市)显示作者在 build a comprehensive case 构建全面论证,不是 isolated phenomenon 而是 systemic transformation 系统性变革。

  4. 正面效益词汇集群 P4 P5 P6 P7

    议论文在 presenting the case 时会 cluster benefits 集中呈现好处来 strengthen persuasiveness。通过 benefit keywords 的 high density 高密度出现(cost savings、improvements、efficiency、quality of life),可以 identify 作者的 evaluative stance 评价立场和 core argument 核心论点。

  5. 结尾祈使语气定位 P8 P9

    议论文的 conclusion 会 shift from exposition 说明到 exhortation 劝诫,通过 imperative mood(wake up to、let's face it)和 reality affirmation(the good news is、already invented)来 crystallize the main point 凝练主旨。这些 concluding strategies 结尾策略 directly state 作者的 ultimate message。

  6. 议论文的 main idea 不在某一句,而是通过 entire argumentative structure 整体论证结构来 convey。通过 verify 验证每个 structural component(intro、development、benefits、conclusion)是否 align with 对齐同一个 central thesis,可以 confirm 主旨的 accuracy 准确性。

主旨信号词 moves so fast P1 will expand P2 smart P2 massive savings P4 biggest and most exciting challenge P7 already invented P8 It's time to wake up P9

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

文章论证了快速的技术进步,特别是物联网,正在通过智能设备、智能家居、智能建筑和智慧城市改变我们的生活。这种互联互通将带来显著的成本节约、效率提升和生活质量改善,而实现这一智能未来的技术已经具备。
The article argues that rapid technological advancement, particularly the Internet of Things, is transforming our lives through smart devices, homes, buildings, and cities. This connectivity will deliver significant cost savings, efficiency improvements, and enhanced quality of life, with the technology already available to realize this smart future.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • incidentally 顺便说一句;附带地;碰巧

    现在让我们把这三条 clues 串联起来。首先,从 syntactic position 我们知道 incidentally 是个 parenthetical element,用来插入 non-essential information。其次,从 semantic context 我们看到它连接了两个在 2020 年 coincidentally occurring 的 facts。最后,morphological analysis 告诉我们这个词 inherently 带有 'by chance' 或 'as a side matter' 的含义。把这些 pieces 组合在一起,incidentally 在这里的作用就是:author 在描述 2020 年 IoT devices 的 projection 时,顺便提到(as a side note)Millennials 也恰好在同一时间点成为 workforce majority。这是个 coincidental fact worth mentioning,但不是 main argument 的 core part。

    三维定位法:句法+语义+词根
  • proverbial 众所周知的;谚语般的;典型的

    整合这三条 clues:collocation pattern 告诉我们 proverbial 常用于 modify 那些 well-known expressions;morphological analysis 揭示了它的 root 'proverb' 与 traditional sayings 相关;rhetorical function 显示它用于 acknowledge 某个 expression 的 conventional status。结合这些 evidence,我们可以得出:proverbial 用来描述那些 widely known, often-repeated, or traditional 的 expressions, situations, 或 examples。在 'tip of the proverbial iceberg' 中,它强调这是那个 everyone knows 的 iceberg metaphor,author 有意识地使用这个 familiar saying 来 make a point。

    搭配+词根+修辞意图三角验证
  • unprecedented 前所未有的;空前的;史无前例的

    综合三条 clues:contextual tone 告诉我们这是在 positive 地描述 new technological capabilities,暗示 unprecedented 是 something remarkable;morphological analysis 清晰地显示 un-(not) + precedent(previous example) + -ed 的结构,字面意思是 'without precedent';semantic field analysis 显示它属于 innovation 和 novelty 的 vocabulary cluster。把这些 put together:unprecedented 用来描述 something that has never happened or existed before,是 'first of its kind','without parallel in the past'。在这个 context 里,它强调这些 smart technologies 提供的 control level 是 history 上从未有过的。

    否定词缀+词根联想+语义场定位
  • leverage 充分利用;有效运用;发挥...的作用

    整合三条 clues:syntactic structure 显示 leverage 是个 action verb,用来 operate on data to achieve specific goals;contextual logic 告诉我们这个 action 需要 creativity 和 strategic thinking,目的是 extract maximum value;conceptual extension 揭示了它的 metaphorical nature——像 lever 放大 physical force 一样,leverage data 是要 amplify its impact and effectiveness。综合起来,leverage 在这个 business/technology context 中的意思是:strategically and effectively use something (here, data) to gain maximum advantage or achieve optimal results。它强调的是 skillful utilization for maximum impact,而不仅仅是 simple usage。

    句法定性+目标解构+隐喻溯源
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

7 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 举例论证

    P1

    作者通过 iPhone 6s 这个 concrete example 来 demonstrate 科技发展的速度有多快。这个 dual-core processor 的手机如今能装进 pocket,而这种 technological specification 过去只能在 office 的 standard laptop 上找到。这个 tangible comparison 让读者直观感受到 technological advancement 的迅猛,为后文论述 IoT 和 smart devices 的普及奠定了 credible foundation,增强了文章的 persuasiveness。

    信号词 for example for instance such as take... for example consider look at a case in point to illustrate

    仿写: 当你想 argue 某个 trend 或 phenomenon 时,不要只停留在 general statements,而要找一个 readers 熟悉的、具体的 example。比如论证 online education 的普及,可以说"Take Coursera for example, a platform that..."。模版:Take [具体事物] for example, [具体描述] + By comparison/In contrast, [对比内容],这样能让 abstract point 立刻 concrete 起来。

  • 因果论证

    P2

    作者用"It's no wonder that..."这个 causal structure 来 establish 一个 cause-effect relationship。Cause 是 almost every new device 都有 plug 或 wireless connection,effect 是 IoT applications 发展迅速。这个 logical reasoning 解释了为什么 smart technology 能 expand 到 smart home lifestyle。这种 causal argumentation 帮助 readers 理解 technological proliferation 背后的 underlying logic,让文章的 main argument 显得 inevitable and well-founded。

    信号词 It's no wonder that because since as due to owing to therefore thus hence consequently as a result given that leads to results in causes

    仿写: 构建 causal argument 时,要 clearly identify 你的 cause 和 effect,然后用 appropriate connectors 把它们 link 起来。开头可以用"It's no wonder that..."、"Given that..., it follows that..."等句式。模版:It's no wonder/small wonder that [结果] when/since [原因]。或者:Given that [原因], [结果] is inevitable/natural。记住要让 causal link 显得 logical and convincing,不要 force 不合理的因果关系。

  • 举例论证

    P3

    作者引用 research data(25 billion devices by 2020)和 demographic projection(Millennials 将占 75% workforce)作为 concrete evidence。这些 quantitative examples 不是随意的 illustrations,而是来自 researchers 的 findings,带有 authority and precision。这种 data-driven argumentation 让关于 fully connected home 的 prediction 显得 credible and achievable,而不是空洞的 speculation,极大地 strengthen 了文章关于 smart future 的 main thesis。

    信号词 agree that research shows studies indicate according to evidence suggests data reveals statistics show experts claim findings demonstrate

    仿写: 当 making predictions 或 bold claims 时,用 research findings、statistics 或 expert consensus 来 back up 你的 point。开头可以说"All researchers agree that..."、"Studies show that..."、"According to [source]..."。模版:All [experts/researchers] agree that [具体数据/发现] which [进一步说明其意义]。记住 specific numbers(如 25 billion、75 percent)比 vague terms(如 many、most)更有 persuasive power。

  • 比喻修辞

    P4

    作者用"tip of the proverbial iceberg"这个 vivid metaphor 来 convey 一个 powerful message:前面提到的 connected devices 只是 beginning,真正的 transformation(smart buildings and cities)才是 massive part hidden beneath。这个 figurative language 不仅让 abstract concept 变得 visual and memorable,还 create 一种 sense of anticipation,暗示后续发展的 scale and significance 将 far exceed 目前所见。这增强了文章关于 smart future 的 dramatic impact。

    信号词 tip of the iceberg scratching the surface opening Pandora's box double-edged sword bridge window wake-up call game changer like as

    仿写: 使用 metaphor 时要选择 readers 熟悉的 imagery。Iceberg metaphor 之所以 effective 是因为 everyone knows 冰山的 most part 在水下。你可以说"This is just scratching the surface"、"the tip of the spear"等。模版:This is just the tip of the iceberg/[其他比喻对象] as [更大的内容] increasingly [动作]。关键是让你的 metaphor naturally fits 你的 argument,不要 force unrelated images。

  • 排比修辞

    P5

    作者用一系列 parallel structures 列举 smart technology 的 applications:online security cameras、intelligent lighting、wealth of sensors(控制 temperature and air quality)。这种 syntactic parallelism 创造了 rhythmic flow 和 cumulative effect,让 readers 感受到 smart building technology 的 breadth and variety。这个 rhetorical device 不只是 listing,而是通过 repetitive structure 来 emphasize 技术应用的 extensive range,从而 support 文章关于 unprecedented level of control 的 argument。

    信号词 and both... and... not only... but also... first... second... third... on one hand... on the other hand...

    仿写: 构建 parallelism 时要保持 grammatical consistency。如果第一个 item 是 noun phrase,后面的 items 也该是 noun phrases。比如这里都是"[形容词] + [名词]"结构。模版:[A], [B] and [C] are offering/providing/delivering [共同结果]。或者:We can see [A], observe [B], and witness [C]。关键是让 each element 在 structure 上 mirror others,creating a sense of harmony and completeness。

  • 因果论证

    P6

    作者通过"The big benefit will... be in..."这个 structure 来 present 一个重要的 causal relationship:因为 devices、systems and environments remain connected and online,所以 big benefit 将体现在 housing enormous data 和 running real-time analytics 来 extract actionable knowledge。这个 reasoning 解释了 connectivity 的 ultimate value,不只是连接本身,而是它 enable 的 data-driven insights。这种 forward-looking causal argument 让 readers 理解 smart technology 的 profound implications。

    信号词 benefit will be in advantage lies in value comes from this leads to this results in this enables this allows the outcome will be

    仿写: 表达 future benefits 时,先 describe 现状或 condition,然后用"The benefit will be in..."来 introduce consequences。模版:We can expect that [现状/条件]. The big benefit will (not only) be in [结果A], but (also) in [结果B]。这种 structure 既 acknowledge current state 又 project future outcomes,显得 thoughtful and forward-thinking。注意用"not only... but also..."可以 create layered causality,showing multiple levels of benefits。

  • 对比论证

    P8

    作者在 第8段 中 create 了一个 powerful temporal contrast:过去 working from anywhere 是 distant Utopian dream,现在(yet now)我们 can perform almost any office-based task from any location with internet access。这个 then-versus-now comparison 不仅 demonstrate 科技进步的 dramatic pace,更重要的是通过 proven transformation(remote work)来 validate 文章的 main prediction about smart cities。这种 analogical reasoning 暗示:just as remote work became reality,smart cities will too。

    信号词 yet now but today however in contrast on the other hand whereas while unlike conversely it wasn't too long ago previously... now...

    仿写: 构建 temporal contrast 时要 clearly mark time shift。开头可以说"It wasn't too long ago that...",然后用"yet now"、"but today"、"however currently"来 introduce present situation。模版:It wasn't too long ago that [过去情况] was [描述], and yet now [现在情况]。或者:In the past, [A] was [状态], but today [A] is [新状态]。这种 structure 让 change 显得 dramatic and undeniable,特别适合 argue technological progress。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

11 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 技术进步速度惊人

    P1
    Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we have come

    结果状语从句强调类 so fast that so...that such...that too...to enough to -ly + adjective + that so much/many that

    表面在说 we seldom stop,实际 imply 的是 technology advancement 已经成为一种 unstoppable force,我们甚至来不及 reflect。这为全文 thesis 服务:既然 the pace 如此之快且 irreversible,我们应该 embrace 而非 resist smart technology 的到来,为后续段落建立 urgency 和 inevitability 的 tone

  • 设备对比凸显进步

    P1
    By comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop

    对比类 By comparison by comparison in contrast compared to whereas while on the other hand

    通过 pocket-sized phone 和 office laptop 的 comparison,implicitly 传达 miniaturization 和 power 的结合已经实现。这个 implication 支持文章 thesis:technology 已经足够 mature and compact 来实现 IoT 和 smart everything。对比选择本身就暗示:曾经需要 dedicated workspace 的 computing power 现在 literally in our pockets,为 第2段 关于 IoT readiness 做铺垫

  • 设备普及带来必然性

    P2
    It's no wonder that new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug

    情态表达类 It's no wonder that it's no wonder that naturally inevitably unsurprisingly it follows that no doubt

    表面说 'no surprise',实际在 establish 一个 logical chain:设备 connectivity → IoT applications → smart lifestyle。言外之意是这个 transition 不是 possibility 而是 inevitability。这为 thesis 服务:既然 the infrastructure (connected devices) 已经 in place,smart home/city 的实现只是 time 问题,暗示 resistance is futile,we should prepare rather than question

  • 数据权威性增强可信度

    P3
    All researchers agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be connected by 2020

    权威背书类 All researchers agree all researchers agree experts confirm studies show it is widely acknowledged there is consensus that evidence suggests

    通过 'all researchers agree' 这个 unanimous statement,implicitly 传达这是 undisputed future 而非 speculation。25 billion devices 和 Millennials 占 75% workforce 的 conjunction,言外之意是 generational shift 和 technological shift 同步发生,这个 convergence 将 make smart living 成为 new normal。为 thesis 提供 quantitative evidence 和 expert backing,增强 argument 的 scientific credibility

  • 冰山一角暗示更大潜力

    P4
    However, this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm

    比喻暗示类 just the tip of the proverbial iceberg tip of the iceberg scratch the surface just the beginning merely a glimpse the first step opening the door to

    用 'However' 转折后接 'tip of iceberg',言外之意是前文的 impressive numbers 其实只是 small preview。这个 understatement strategy 让 smart buildings/cities 的潜力显得 even more tremendous。为 thesis 服务:如果 smart homes 只是 tip,那么 smart cities 带来的 transformation 将是 exponentially greater,justify 作者的 excitement 和 urgency in embracing this technology

  • 成本重新定义暗示范式转变

    P5
    improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business

    时间对比类 what were once classed necessary costs what were once formerly used to be in the past traditionally previously considered

    通过 reclassify 'necessary costs',implicitly 传达一个 fundamental shift:smart technology 不仅 improve efficiency,更 redefine what's possible in business operations。言外之意是 traditional business models 需要 update。为 thesis 服务:这种 cost structure transformation 是 smart cities 的 economic foundation,证明这不是 luxury 而是 business imperative

  • 真正价值超越数据存储

    P6
    The big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics

    递进强调类 not only...but also beyond...even more importantly furthermore what's more moreover not just...but

    表面在说 data housing 和 analytics 都重要,实际 imply analytics capability 才是 game changer。言外之意是:raw data 本身 value limited,真正的 value 在于 extract actionable insights。为 thesis 服务:smart technology 的价值不只是 connectivity,而是 intelligence - the ability to learn and optimize,这 justify 为何要 invest in smart infrastructure

  • 挑战定义为机遇

    P7
    The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology

    情感重构类 biggest and most exciting challenge exciting challenge promising difficulty opportunity disguised as problem challenge worth pursuing ambitious goal the positive side of

    通过 label complexity as 'exciting challenge',implicitly 传达这是 worth pursuing 而非 should be avoided。言外之意是技术实施中的 difficulties 不应该成为 hesitation 的理由,反而是 creative innovation 的 space。为 thesis 服务:acknowledge challenges 但 frame them positively,strengthen the call to action - we should embrace rather than fear this transformation

  • 技术已就绪降低门槛

    P8
    The good news is that most of this technology is already invented

    情绪导向类 The good news is the good news is fortunately luckily on the bright side better yet the upside is

    通过 'already invented' 这个 past tense,implicitly 传达实现 smart cities 不需要 wait for breakthrough innovation。言外之意是 barrier 不是 technology 而是 adoption/implementation。这为 thesis 做 final push:既然 technical readiness 不是问题,我们应该 stop hesitating and start building,urgency 被 justify

  • 反例证明可行性

    P8
    it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant Utopian dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task

    时间对比类 wasn't too long ago...and yet now wasn't too long ago...yet now just recently...already only yesterday...today it used to be...but now once...but today in the past...currently

    用 'Utopian dream' 到 'everyday reality' 的 transformation 作为 proof of concept,implicitly argue 当前关于 smart cities 的 vision 不是 fantasy 而是 inevitable future。言外之意是:just as we adapted to remote work,我们会 adapt to smart living。为 thesis 提供 empirical evidence:technological transformation 的 track record proves skepticism 是 unwarranted

  • 呼吁行动时机已到

    P9
    It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life

    行动号召类 It's time to it's time to we must it is imperative that we should we need to the moment has come to

    通过 'wake up to the fact' 这个 strong phrasing,implicitly 批评 current inaction or skepticism as 'sleeping'。'Dramatically improve' 这个 strong claim 配合 'quality of life' 这个 universal value,言外之意是拒绝这个 technology 就是拒绝 better life。作为 conclusion,这个 CTA 将全文的 logical argument 转化为 moral imperative:我们有 responsibility to embrace this change

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( Optimistic and enthusiastic about smart technology)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首尾段定调 P1 P9

    Opening paragraph 通过 marvel at 科技进步的 speed 来 set the tone,而 closing paragraph 直接用 imperative sentence 'It's time to wake up' 加上 'dramatically improve' 这样的 strong positive language 来 reinforce 作者的 optimistic attitude,这是 typical 的议论文 persuasive strategy。

  2. 核心话题词汇倾向 P2 P4 P5 P6 P7

    本文的 central topic 是 smart technology 和 IoT,作者 consistently 使用 positive semantic field:'benefit', 'savings', 'improvements', 'efficiency', 'exciting challenge'。这种 consistent positivity throughout the essay 表明作者不是 neutral observer,而是 active advocate。

  3. 反面论证缺失 P7

    本文 notably 缺少 counterarguments 或 downsides 的 discussion。作者 briefly mentions 'challenge' in 第7段,但 immediately frames it as 'exciting',这是 reframing technique,把 potential negative 转化为 opportunity。这种 one-sided presentation 是 strong advocacy 的 indicator。

  4. 综合来看,作者在 structural positions 表现出 enthusiasm,在 lexical choices 上 consistently positive,在 argumentation strategy 上 one-sided supportive,三个 dimensions 互相 reinforce,形成 coherent 的 optimistic and enthusiastic stance towards smart technology。

文中的态度信号词

  • moves so fast P1

    这个 phrase 用 positive framing 来 describe 科技发展的 speed,'fast' 在这里不是 complaint 而是 marvel,暗示作者对 rapid progress 持 admiring attitude,为全文的 optimistic tone 做 foundation。

    同类词 rapidly growing moving ahead fast ever-growing

  • It's no wonder P2

    这是 affirmative stance marker,表示作者认为 IoT applications 的 rapid development 是 logical and expected,透露出 author's acceptance 和 approval。这种 'of course' rhetoric 把 technological progress 定位为 natural 和 desirable。

    同类词 naturally of course unsurprisingly inevitably

  • massive savings P4

    这个 collocation 用 intensifier 'massive' 加 positive noun 'savings' 来 emphasize benefits,是 典型的 persuasive language。作者在 highlight advantages without qualifying them,showing strong endorsement。

    同类词 big benefit improvements unprecedented level of control tangible benefits dramatically improve

  • exciting challenge P7

    这是 brilliant reframing:'challenge' 本来 could be negative,但 'exciting' 把它 transform into positive。作者用这个 oxymoronic phrase 来 show that even difficulties are viewed as opportunities,revealing deeply optimistic mindset。

    同类词 opportunity promising thrilling prospect

  • The good news P8

    这是 explicit positive marker,直接 signal 作者要 present favorable information。这种 direct evaluation phrase 不留 ambiguity,clearly shows author's pleased reaction to technological readiness。

    同类词 fortunately happily encouragingly positively

  • It's time to wake up P9

    这是 call-to-action imperative,配合 'dramatically improve quality of life',作者在 urging readers to embrace smart technology。这种 directive language 表明作者不仅 supports the idea,还想 persuade others to act,是 strong advocacy 的 hallmark。

    同类词 It's time to we must we should it's imperative we need to

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇议论文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇议论文?

  1. 开篇宽泛观察现象 P1

    这个 opening strategy 能帮我们区分:新闻报道会 focus on specific event 和 concrete details(比如'昨天某地发生了什么'),说明文会直接 explain 某个 concept 或 process,而议论文会先 establish 一个值得 discuss 的 phenomenon 或 viewpoint 作为 foundation。

  2. 主观评价性表达 P2 P4 P6 P7

    这些 subjective markers 是议论文的 distinctive feature:说明文会 maintain objectivity 用'this is'、'this works by'等 neutral language,新闻报道会用'according to'、'officials said'等 attributed information,只有议论文会 openly express 作者的 judgment 和 evaluation。

  3. 递进式逻辑链条 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8

    这个 organizational pattern 能 distinguish:说明文的段落是 coordinate relationship(平行的 different features),新闻报道是 inverted pyramid(重要信息在前),议论文是 progressive logic(后面的段落 build on 前面的 points 来 strengthen argument)。

  4. 呼吁行动结语 P9

    这个 rhetorical move 最能 confirm:说明文结尾会 summarize information,新闻报道会 provide context 或 quote,只有议论文会 explicitly call for 读者 to think differently 或 take action,因为 persuasion 是它的 ultimate goal。

  5. 这个 integrated approach 之所以 effective,是因为它 targets 议论文的 defining characteristics:说明文缺少 subjective evaluation,新闻报道缺少 explicit advocacy,只有议论文会 combine observation、judgment 和 persuasion 这三个 dimensions 来 construct 一个完整的 argument。

哪些词暴露了议论文体裁?

  • It's no wonder that P2 观点引导词(评价性判断词) It's clear that Obviously Undoubtedly It's evident that No doubt
  • However P4 论证逻辑连接词(转折让步类) But Yet Nevertheless On the other hand Although
  • unprecedented P5 立场表态词(主观评价性形容词/副词) dramatically massive biggest most exciting tangible
  • It's time to wake up to the fact that P9 号召性结论词(呼吁性标记词) It's time to We must We should Let's face it need to realize
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

5 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 的常见问题

2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part III Section C (2) 文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 的原文出自哪里?
Huffington Post《赫芬顿邮报》2017,12.06 文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie(为什么智能城市,智能企业和智能居家将给你的生活带来巨变)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 的主旨是什么?
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part III Section C (2) 文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 论证了快速的技术进步,特别是物联网,正在通过智能设备、智能家居、智能建筑和智慧城市改变我们的生活。这种互联互通将带来显著的成本节约、效率提升和生活质量改善,而实现这一智能未来的技术已经具备。(英文表述:The article argues that rapid technological advancement, particularly the Internet of Things, is transforming our lives through smart devices, homes, buildings, and cities. This connectivity will deliver significant cost savings, efficiency improvements, and enhanced quality of life, with the technology already available to realize this smart future.)
Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie(2017年12月英语六级真题第2套文章)是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为议论文,作者立场是积极支持(Optimistic and enthusiastic about smart technology)。CEFR 难度 C1,全文 444 词、9 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,C1 级共 343 篇(占 58%)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 9 段按议论文骨架分为 5 个意群:引言 · 第1段、第2段——科技飞速发展的现状观察;分论点 · 第3段——物联网发展的规模与时间节点;分论点 · 第4段、第5段——智能建筑和城市的商业价值;分论点 · 第6段、第7段——数据分析带来的核心价值;结论 · 第8段、第9段——技术现实与未来展望。
Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 一文的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(Optimistic and enthusiastic about smart technology)。判断路径:首尾段定调 → 核心话题词汇倾向 → 反面论证缺失 → 多维证据综合;文中的态度信号词包括 moves so fast(第1段)、It's no wonder(第2段)、massive savings(第4段)、exciting challenge(第7段)、The good news(第8段)、It's time to wake up(第9段)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套文章 Why Smart Cities,Businesses and Homes Will Transform Your Lie 中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:incidentally(顺便说一句;附带地;碰巧)、proverbial(众所周知的;谚语般的;典型的)、unprecedented(前所未有的;空前的;史无前例的)、leverage(充分利用;有效运用;发挥...的作用),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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