2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 Part III Section C (2) A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking
CET-4 · 来自 2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 · Part III Section C (2) · 阅读理解(四选一)

A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking

《兴趣增长型思维可以激发创新思维》 —— 2021年12月英语四级真题第3套文章逐层精读

本文选自2020年11月25 日刊登在 www.yale-nus.edu.sg(耶鲁·新加坡国立大学学院官网)上的一篇标题为“A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking”(《兴趣增长型思维可以激发创新思维》)的文章。

本页是 2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 Part III Section C (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 351 词、5 段,CEFR 难度 C1(C1 级在英语四级文章中占 32%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

5 段英文原文

以下为2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 Part III Section C (2) 的阅读理解(四选一)原文,共 5 段。左侧 P1–P5 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking

From climate change to the ongoing pandemic(大流行病) and beyond, the issues facing today's world are increasingly complex and dynamic. Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking. A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology, Paul O'Keefe, found that having a growth mindset(思维倾向) of interest may spark this type of innovation.

Professor O'Keefe established in earlier studies that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest. Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent(与生俱有的) and simply need to be 'found.' Building on these findings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.

For example, in one task, research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existing academic Arts or Science programs at their university. After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.

As Professor O'Keefe pointed out, "This research provides a useful direction for organizations whose products and services call for integrated and creative solutions. Take smartphones for example. You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product. Employees with a growth mindset may be more likely to devise innovative ideas that bridge multiple areas of knowledge to achieve better solutions."

The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend to those seeking employment. This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests and become more adaptable to different fields, and take the initiative to learn new skills.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

5 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Need for Innovative Thinking

    Complex global problems require innovative thinking, which a growth mindset of interest may promote.

    本段在全文中承担 opening 的作用:它先把研究放进现实世界的复杂困境中,再提出 growth mindset of interest 这一关键变量,从而为后文解释概念、展示实验和说明应用价值搭建逻辑起点。

    抓住转折后的研究结论
  2. P2

    Growth and Fixed Mindsets of Interest

    The research defines contrasting interest mindsets and examines how a growth mindset supports interdisciplinary thinking.

    本段为全文提供 theoretical foundation:只有先理解兴趣可以培养这一 growth belief,读者才能明白为什么这类人更可能跨越 arts and sciences,并在后文产生更具整合性的创新方案。

    识别两种兴趣观的对比
  3. P3

    Evidence of Interdisciplinary Thinking

    Experimental evidence shows that a growth mindset of interest encourages more interdisciplinary academic ideas.

    本段是全文的 evidence center:它用可观察的实验表现支持 第2段 的研究问题,证明 growth mindset 不只是态度上的差异,更会转化为 bridge disciplines 的实际创新行为。

    用专业组合验证跨学科倾向
  4. P4

    Applications in Product Innovation

    A growth mindset can help organizations create better solutions by integrating diverse knowledge.

    本段把前文的 academic finding 转化为 practical value:它说明跨学科思维不仅能设计新专业,也能帮助企业开发更好的产品,因此强化了 growth mindset 对创新 problem-solving 的现实意义。

    以智能手机说明知识整合
  5. P5

    Career Adaptability in a Changing Job Market

    A growth mindset of interest can improve job seekers' adaptability and skill development in a changing labor market.

    本段在全文中形成最终延伸:它将 growth mindset 的价值从创新设计和 organizational solutions 扩展到个人 career development,并回应首段复杂变化的世界,完整凸显该思维模式的社会与个人双重意义。

    从失业压力提炼求职适应力
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

5 道逐段细节自检题

针对2021年12月英语四级真题第3套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 Paul O'Keefe growth mindset of interest

    What did Paul O'Keefe's study find about a growth mindset of interest?

    • A It proves that traditional thinking is the best way to solve global problems.
    • B It shows that climate change is more serious than the pandemic.
    • C It may encourage the kind of innovation needed to address complex problems.
    • D It suggests that complex problems can be solved by a single discipline.
    • E It finds that people's interests are always inherited.
    • F It confirms that innovation is unnecessary in a changing world.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原文把 increasingly complex and dynamic 的现实问题与 new approaches 相连,随后用 found 引出 growth mindset of interest may spark this type of innovation。正确项保留 may 的不确定性,并把 this type of innovation 还原为应对 complex problems 所需的创新。障碍在于它没有机械复述原文,而是把指代词 this type 转换成完整含义。

    盯住 found 后半句 时间极紧时,直接用人名 Paul O'Keefe 回扫至 第1段,不读完整段落,只截取其后含 found 的结论句。采用“谓语后截取法”:题干问 find,就只验证 found 后的信息;将六项逐一与该信息做方向核验,唯一保持可能性且因果方向一致者即为正确项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 tend to believe growth mindset of interest

    What do people with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe?

    • A Interests are inborn and only need to be discovered.
    • B Interests should be limited to either arts or sciences.
    • C People can identify their interests without making any effort.
    • D Interests can be developed and cultivated over time.
    • E Only professional training can create new interests.
    • F Interests become less important as people gain knowledge.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项准确转述 growth mindset 对 interest 的定义:interest 不是静态属性,而是可 developed and cultivated 的对象。over time 是对发展过程的自然概括,没有改变原文的开放性。障碍在于正确项不用原文完整句式,却必须保留“可培养”的核心方向。

    切开 while 两侧 锁定 第2段 后,使用“对照镜像法”:不必精读全段,只读 while 前后两个分句。题干指定 growth,就只取其所在半边;凡是复述另一半 inborn 或 found 逻辑的选项立即删除,剩下与可塑性方向一致者为正确项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 participants new college majors

    What were the participants asked to do in one task?

    • A Choose between computational economics and computational chemistry.
    • B Analyze ideas generated by other participants.
    • C Develop a single science program in greater detail.
    • D Explain why arts programs are superior to science programs.
    • E Create new college majors by combining two or more existing programs.
    • F Find an inherent interest before selecting a major.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    正确项完整保留任务动作 create new college majors 和操作方式 combining two or more existing programs。它概括了 Arts or Science 的具体限定,却没有误把 later 的跨界倾向当作每个参与者都必须完成的要求。障碍在于题干问 instruction,而原文紧接着给出 result,容易串位。

    代回 instructed to 在 第3段 采用“语法角色替换法”:把每个选项代入 Participants were instructed to ___。能同时满足 create、two or more、existing programs 三个硬条件的为正确项;涉及 analyze 的项因主语应为 team,涉及 examples 的项因功能不对,秒排。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 smartphone better product

    According to the smartphone example, what is needed to create a better product?

    • A Computer science and engineering knowledge alone.
    • B A fixed mindset and extensive marketing experience.
    • C Knowledge from either psychology or visual design, but not both.
    • D The ability to work only within traditional disciplinary boundaries.
    • E A solution designed solely by employees with science degrees.
    • F Knowledge of computer science and engineering as well as psychology and visual design.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文的 not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design 构成完整并列需求。正确项用 as well as 改写 but also,保留四个领域的整合关系。障碍是选项可能只保留前半组技术知识,诱导考生忽略 but also 后的信息。

    抓住 not only 链条 直接跳至 第4段 的 smartphone 句,采用“并列连词截屏法”:视觉上只抓 not only 与 but also 之间及之后的名词组,不翻译评论句。将选项按“是否同时覆盖两组知识”二分,覆盖完整并列链者为正确项。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 job seekers growth mindset of interest

    How can a growth mindset of interest benefit job seekers?

    • A It helps them broaden their interests, adapt to different fields, and learn new skills proactively.
    • B It guarantees that they will not lose their jobs during the pandemic.
    • C It enables them to avoid learning skills outside their original field.
    • D It helps them discover the one career that is inherently right for them.
    • E It makes unemployment a less pressing social issue.
    • F It requires them to focus exclusively on creative product design.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:A

    正确项依次对应 expand their interests、become more adaptable to different fields 和 take the initiative to learn new skills。它将三个并列结果整合为一条就业适应链,且保留 proactively 对 initiative 的准确改写。障碍在于原文的收益分散在一个较长句中,考生容易只选其中一项或误选失业背景。

    跳过 because 抓 can help 在 第5段 用 job seekers 直达目标句,执行“跳过原因句法”:见 because many people are becoming unemployed 立即跳过,直接抓 can help 后连续三个动词短语。再以“能否概括三连动作”筛选,只有正确项覆盖拓展、适应和主动学习。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

5 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 问题背景与研究切入点

    这个 opening paragraph 首先 present 了 contemporary world 面临的 complex issues,比如 climate change 和 pandemic,然后 point out 传统 thinking approaches 的 limitation,最后 introduce 了 Yale Professor O'Keefe 的 study,说明 growth mindset of interest 可能 spark innovation 来 solve 这些 problems

    通过 establish 现实 context 中的 problem-solving challenges,这个 introductory section 为后续 elaborate growth mindset of interest 的 benefits 提供了 necessary background 和 practical relevance

    引出growth mindset研究
  2. 核心概念界定与研究基础

    这个 paragraph 详细 define 了 growth mindset 和 fixed mindset of interest 这两个 core concepts,说明 people hold different beliefs about interest 的 nature。然后 explain 说 O'Keefe 的 earlier studies 已经 establish 了这些 concepts,current research 是 build on 这些 findings 来 examine growth mindset 如何 boost integrative thinking across disciplines

    这个 definitional section 为 readers provide 了 essential theoretical framework,clarify 什么是 growth mindset of interest,并 establish 它和 interdisciplinary integration 的 connection,这样后续的 empirical examples 才能被 properly understood

    定义growth mindset核心概念
  3. 实证支持与具体案例

    这个 paragraph 通过一个 specific experimental task 来 illustrate 前面的 theory。Research participants 被要求 combine existing programs 来 create new majors,结果 show 那些 with growth mindset 的人更 likely 去 bridge arts and sciences,比如 create computational economics,而不是 stay within one area 像 computational chemistry

    这个 empirical example 把 abstract concept 变得 concrete and credible,通过 present actual research data 来 demonstrate growth mindset 确实能 promote cross-disciplinary integration,从而 strengthen 整个 argument 的 persuasiveness

    证明growth mindset促进跨学科整合
  4. 商业应用价值阐释

    Professor O'Keefe 在这个 paragraph 中 point out 这个 research 对 organizations 的 practical implications。他 explain 说那些 products and services 需要 integrated solutions 的 companies 可以 benefit,并且 use smartphone development 作为 example 来 show 为什么需要 combine multiple areas of knowledge,最后 suggest employees with growth mindset 更 likely devise innovative ideas

    这个 application-oriented section 把 research findings 从 academic context extend 到 real-world business scenarios,demonstrate growth mindset 的 practical value in product development 和 workplace innovation,从而 broaden 整个 argument 的 relevance

    展示growth mindset在产品开发创新中的应用
  5. 个人就业价值延伸

    最后这个 paragraph extend growth mindset 的 benefits 到 job seekers,especially relevant because pandemic 导致 unemployment。Text explain 说 having growth mindset 可以 help people expand interests,become more adaptable to different fields,并且 take initiative to learn new skills

    这个 concluding application 把 growth mindset 的 relevance 进一步 extend 到 individual career development,especially in crisis contexts,从而 maximize 整个 argument 的 practical significance 并 provide 一个 forward-looking conclusion

    延伸growth mindset至职业适应性培养
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首段定位研究者与研究主题 P1

    说明文通常会在 opening paragraph 明确告知 the research topic 和 who conducted it,这样 establishes credibility 并框定了整篇文章的 scope。通过识别 'a study led by Yale Professor' 这类 structures,我们能立即 confirm 这是一篇介绍 scientific findings 的说明文,而不是 argumentative 或 narrative text

  2. 识别核心概念及其定义 P2

    说明文的核心在于 explain a concept。在这篇文章中,'growth mindset of interest' 就是 the central concept。第二段通过 contrast with 'fixed mindset' 来 clarify its meaning。识别这个 key term 及其 definition 能帮助我们 understand 整篇文章都在围绕 what 展开

  3. 定位具体实证案例 P3

    说明文需要 concrete evidence 来 support its claims。第三段提供了 a specific experiment:participants creating new college majors。这个 example illustrates 'growth mindset' 如何 lead to 'integrative thinking'。通过 identify 这类 evidence paragraphs,我们能 grasp the practical implications of the concept

  4. 提取现实应用场景 P4 P5

    说明文的后段通常会 extend the findings 到 practical applications。第四、五段分别讨论了 workplace innovation 和 employment adaptability。这些 application sections reveal 研究的 broader significance,帮助我们 complete the main idea:不仅是 what the research found,还有 why it matters

  5. 整合全文要素形成主旨 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    说明文主旨是 a synthesis,需要 integrate 所有 key components。主旨应该包含:who(O'Keefe)、what concept(growth mindset of interest)、what finding(more likely to integrate knowledge)、why it matters(innovation, adaptability)。这个 holistic view 确保我们 capture 的不只是 one aspect,而是 the complete message the author intends to convey

主旨信号词 found P1 growth mindset P1 more likely to P3 integrative thinking P2 spark this type of innovation P1 provides a useful direction P4

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

耶鲁大学教授Paul O'Keefe的研究表明,具有成长型兴趣思维倾向的人——相信兴趣可以培养——更有可能跨学科整合知识,从而在当今复杂世界中促进问题解决、产品开发和职业适应性方面的创新。
Research by Yale Professor Paul O'Keefe demonstrates that people with a growth mindset of interest—believing interests can be developed—are more likely to integrate knowledge across disciplines, fostering innovation in problem-solving, product development, and career adaptability in today's complex world.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

6 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • spark 激发、引发

    让我们把这些 clues 串联起来。首先,从 cause-effect relationship 看,growth mindset 对 innovation 产生积极影响;其次,通过 parallel structure 发现 spark 和 devise 功能相似;最后,从 morphology 角度,'火花'的意象本身就暗示了'点燃、引发'的动作。三条线索共同指向:spark 在这里是个 dynamic verb,表示激发或引发某事物的发生。

    动词推断三步法:主宾关系→平行互证→语义延伸
  • cultivate 培养、培育

    整合一下推理过程:通过 contrast with 'inherent',我们知道 cultivate 描述的是后天的过程;通过 coordination with 'develop',我们确认它与发展相关且可能更强调过程;通过 agricultural metaphor,我们理解到这是一个需要精心、持续投入的培养过程。综合来看,cultivate 表达的是有意识地、系统地培养和发展某种能力或兴趣。

    抽象动词推断:对比定位→并列确认→隐喻还原
  • boost 提升、增强

    让我们 synthesize 这些 evidence:从 syntactic role 看,boost 描述了 mindset 对 thinking 的积极作用;从 empirical evidence 看,这种作用体现为能力的提升和可能性的增加;从 semantic association 看,boost 本身带有向上、增强的 connotation。三方面共同支持:boost 在这里表示显著提升或增强某种能力或效果。

    影响类动词推断:理论方向+实证强度
  • devise 设计、策划、想出

    综合分析这些 clues:从 agent-patient relation 看,devise 是人对 ideas 的创造性行为;从 object complexity 看,这种创造需要 integrative thinking;从 register analysis 看,devise 是个 formal term,强调 systematic 和 deliberate 的过程。因此,devise 表达的是经过精心规划、系统思考而设计或创造出某物的过程。

    创造类动词三维分析:主体能力+客体复杂度+语域正式度
  • pressing 紧迫的、迫切的

    整合推理链条:从 causal explanation 得知这个 issue 很严重;从 collocation patterns 确认 pressing 用于修饰需要关注的问题;从 morphological analysis 理解到'压力'这个 physical metaphor 如何转化为'紧迫性'这个 temporal concept。综合判断,pressing 描述的是时间敏感、需要立即处理的问题状态。

    形容词推断:名词特性+因果逻辑+搭配验证+词源隐喻
  • initiative 主动性、主动权

    让我们 connect the dots:从 parallel structure 看,initiative 与 expanding interests、becoming adaptable 同属积极应对策略;从 phraseology 看,'take the initiative to' 表达主动发起行动;从 etymology 看,initiate 的'发起'义延伸到 initiative 的'主动性'。三条线索汇聚:initiative 指的是不等待外部驱动,自发采取行动的主动性和积极性。

    抽象名词推断:语义场定位+短语功能+词源核心
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 举例子

    P3 P4

    作者在 第3段 中通过 research participants 创造 new college majors 的 task 来 illustrate growth mindset 的实际应用。这个 concrete example 展示了 growth mindset 的人如何 bridge different disciplines,比如创造 computational economics 而不是 computational chemistry。这个 specific instance 让 abstract concept 变得 tangible and relatable,直接支撑了 main thesis 关于 integrative thinking 的论点。

    信号词 For example For instance Take...for example Such as Including Specifically In particular To illustrate Consider Like

    仿写: 当你要 explain 一个 abstract concept 时,问自己:能否找到一个 concrete scenario 来 demonstrate 这个观点?模版:【概念陈述】+ For example/For instance + 【具体场景描述】+ 【场景中的对比或结果】。比如写 critical thinking 的重要性时,可以说:Critical thinking helps solve complex problems. For example, when doctors diagnose patients, those who consider multiple possibilities rather than jumping to conclusions often identify rare conditions that others miss.

  • 作比较

    P2 P3

    在 第2段 中,作者将 two types of mindsets 进行 systematic comparison:growth mindset believers 认为 interests can be developed and cultivated,而 fixed mindset holders 认为 interests are inherent。这个 clear contrast 建立了文章的 theoretical foundation,让 readers 理解为什么 growth mindset 更有利于 innovation。通过 juxtaposition,作者凸显了 growth mindset 的 advantages。

    信号词 while whereas in contrast on the other hand compared to unlike differ from rather than instead of conversely

    仿写: 当需要 clarify concepts 时,思考:这个概念的 opposite or alternative 是什么?如何通过 contrast 来 sharpen the definition?模版:【A类型】+ tend to/typically + 【特征1】+ while + 【B类型】+ tend to/typically + 【特征2】。例如:Active learners tend to ask questions and seek feedback, while passive learners typically wait for information to be delivered without engagement.

  • 引资料

    P4

    文章通过 cite Professor O'Keefe's research findings and direct quotation 来 support its arguments。在 第4段 中,作者使用了 direct quote:"This research provides a useful direction..."这个 authoritative source 不仅 validates the claims,还通过 expert voice 给出了 practical applications。引用 Yale Professor 的研究赋予文章 academic credibility,强化了关于 growth mindset benefits 的 main thesis。

    信号词 pointed out stated according to research shows studies indicate found that reported claimed suggested evidence shows data reveals

    仿写: 当 present 重要观点时,问自己:有没有 expert opinion or research findings 可以 reinforce this point?模版:【专家身份】+ pointed out/stated/found that + 【引用内容或研究结果】。或者使用 According to + 【来源】+ 【观点】。例如:According to a study published in Nature, regular exercise not only improves physical health but also enhances cognitive function in adults over 50.

  • 下定义

    P2

    在 第2段 中,作者 explicitly defines two types of mindsets:growth mindset of interest 是指 'interests can be developed and cultivated',而 fixed mindset 是指 'interests are inherent and simply need to be found'。这些 precise definitions 为整篇文章的 discussion 提供了 conceptual foundation,确保 readers 和作者有 shared understanding of key terms。这对后续 analysis of how growth mindset promotes innovation 至关重要。

    信号词 is defined as refers to means is consist of involve characterized by tend to believe that can be understood as essentially means

    仿写: 当 introduce 重要 concepts 时,确保 provide clear definitions。模版:【术语】+ refer to/mean/is defined as + 【核心特征描述】。或使用:Those with 【概念】+ tend to believe that + 【定义内容】。例如:Digital literacy refers to the ability to effectively find, evaluate, and communicate information using digital technologies. Those with strong digital literacy tend to believe that technology skills can be continuously improved through practice.

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 传统方法的局限性

    P1
    Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking.

    转折类 Yet yet however but nevertheless nonetheless still

    这个 yet 的 implication 非常关键:作者在承认 today's problems 很 complex 之后,通过 yet 这个 adversative marker 暗示传统 thinking methods 是 insufficient 的,cannot adequately address 这些 challenges。这个 implied meaning 为整篇文章的 thesis 奠定了 foundation,because it establishes the need for a growth mindset of interest。对于 main idea 的 contribution 在于:它 creates a problem-solution structure,让 reader 理解为什么我们需要 new approaches,而这正是后文要 introduce 的 growth mindset 能够 provide 的。这种 implicit critique 比 explicit statement 更 persuasive,因为它让 reader 自己 conclude 出 traditional methods 的 limitations。

  • 两种思维模式的对立性

    P2
    Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated, while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent and simply need to be 'found.'

    对比类 while whereas in contrast on the other hand conversely by comparison unlike

    这个 while 引导的 contrast 看似是 neutral description of two mindsets,但其实 carries implicit evaluation。注意 growth mindset 用的是 'developed and cultivated' 这种 active 和 constructive 的 verbs,而 fixed mindset 用的是 'inherent' 和被 scare quotes 包围的 'found'。这个 'found' 的 quotation marks 特别 telling,它 implies 这个 concept 是 questionable 或 oversimplified 的。这个 implication 为整篇文章的 argumentative direction 定了调:growth mindset 是 more sophisticated 和 productive 的 approach。对 main thesis 的 value 在于,它 subtly positions growth mindset as the superior option,making it easier for readers to accept 后续关于 growth mindset benefits 的 evidence。

  • 跨学科创新的优越性

    P3
    people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.

    对比类 rather than instead of as opposed to in place of not...but over

    这里的 rather than 看似只是 describing research findings,但实际 conveys 一个 strong value judgment:cross-disciplinary integration (computational economics) 是 more innovative and valuable than staying within one domain (computational chemistry)。注意 author 用 'bridge programs across the arts and sciences' 这种 positive framing,而对 single-domain 的描述则相对 plain。这个 implication 直接 supports 文章的 central argument that growth mindset leads to more innovative problem-solving。对 main thesis 的 contribution 是通过 concrete example 来 demonstrate growth mindset 的 practical advantages,同时 subtly reinforce 了 cross-boundary thinking 的 superiority,这正是文章想要 promote 的 approach。

  • 成长型思维的商业必要性

    P4
    You need not only computer science and engineering knowledge, but also an understanding of psychology and visual design to create a better product.

    递进类 not only...but also moreover furthermore in addition besides what's more beyond that

    这个 not only...but also 的 implicit message 非常 strategic:作者在 arguing 单纯的 technical expertise 是 insufficient for innovation,需要 integrate humanities knowledge。这个 implication 直接 echoes 文章开头关于 'extending beyond traditional ways of thinking' 的 theme。通过用 smartphone 这个 relatable example,author demonstrates that even in seemingly technical fields,cross-disciplinary knowledge 是 essential 的。对 main thesis 的 significance 在于,它把 growth mindset 的 benefits 从 academic realm 扩展到 practical business applications,making the argument more compelling and relevant to broader audiences。这种 real-world application 强化了文章的 practical value。

  • 就业危机下的适应性价值

    P5
    This is a pressing issue because many people are becoming unemployed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    因果关系强调类 This is a pressing issue because pressing issue critical because urgent since crucial as vital given that essential considering

    这个 pressing issue because 的 implication 是作者在 connecting the research to urgent real-world problems,特别是 pandemic-induced unemployment。这不只是 stating a fact,而是在 argue growth mindset 不仅是 nice to have,而是在 current crisis 中 essential for survival and adaptation。通过 invoke COVID-19 这个 shared experience,author makes the research feel immediately relevant and actionable。对 main thesis 的 contribution 是它 extends the argument from academic innovation 和 workplace creativity 到 personal career resilience,showing that growth mindset 的 benefits 是 comprehensive and timely。这个 strategic connection to current events 大大增强了文章的 persuasive power 和 practical relevance。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( supportive and optimistic about growth mindset)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开头段的解决方案呈现 P1

    说明文的 author 在开头段落 present 一个 solution 或 new approach 时,往往是在为后续的 positive discussion 做铺垫,这反映了 supportive attitude 的第一个信号。

  2. 证据链的层层堆叠 P2 P3

    当 author 用多个 paragraphs 来 layer evidence(比如 earlier studies + latest research + practical applications),这种 cumulative approach 显示出 author 在系统性地 validate 该观点,体现 strong support。

  3. 实用价值的积极框定 P4 P5

    说明文作者如果花笔墨讨论 practical implications 并用 positive language 描述,说明他不仅 support 这个 concept theoretically,还认为它有 tangible benefits,这是 optimistic attitude 的明确体现。

  4. 全文积极叙事一致性 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    说明文的完整 argumentative arc(从 problem identification → evidence presentation → practical application)如果始终围绕一个 concept 并用 positive language 串联,这个 consistent pattern 就是 author attitude 的最终判断依据。

文中的态度信号词

  • spark innovation P1

    'Spark' 这个 dynamic verb 配上 'innovation' 表明 author 认为 growth mindset 能够 ignite positive change,这是一种 highly favorable evaluation,体现出 optimistic expectation。

    同类词 boost foster creativity inspire breakthroughs catalyze progress stimulate advances

  • useful direction P4

    'Useful' 是直接的 positive evaluation,author 通过这个 adjective 明确表达了该 research 的 practical value,显示出 endorsement of the concept's applicability。

    同类词 valuable insight promising approach practical benefits meaningful contribution significant advantage

  • more likely to devise innovative ideas P4

    这个 comparative structure ('more likely to') 配合 'innovative' 和 'better solutions',显示 author 在对比中凸显 growth mindset 的 superiority,这是 advocacy 的明确信号。

    同类词 tend to generate better solutions capable of achieving breakthroughs excel at creating novel approaches demonstrate superior problem-solving show enhanced creativity

  • benefits may also extend P5

    'Benefits' 和 'extend' 的组合表明 author 不仅认可这个 concept 的 core benefits,还看到其 broader applicability,这种 expansion of positive scope 反映出 optimistic and supportive attitude。

    同类词 benefits may extend advantages reach beyond positive effects broaden to value expands into merits apply across

  • help job seekers expand their interests P5

    'Help' 这个 supportive verb 加上 'expand' 和 'become more adaptable',显示 author 强调 growth mindset 的 empowering effect,这是对该 concept 的 positive portrayal 和 practical advocacy。

    同类词 help expand enable individuals to adapt empower people to grow assist in developing facilitate the cultivation of

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文?

  1. 开头引入概念或研究 P1

    说明文的 first paragraph 会 establish 一个需要 explanation 的 subject matter,比如这篇文章 introduce 了 growth mindset of interest 这个 concept。议论文的开头则会 state 一个有争议的 claim 或 position,新闻报道会 lead with 最重要的 news event 和 five Ws。

  2. 逐层解释式段落推进 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    这篇文章从 introduce the concept (第1段) 到 explain previous research (第2段),再到 provide concrete example (第3段),最后 discuss practical applications (第4段-5),这是典型的 expository structure。议论文会有 thesis-evidence-counterargument-conclusion 的 structure,新闻会按 importance 递减排列 information。

  3. 客观中立的解释语气 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    本文通篇使用 objective tone,比如 'a study led by...found that'、'research participants were instructed to',author 在 present information 而非 push an agenda。议论文会有 persuasive language 和 clear authorial position,新闻会有 reporting verbs 和 attributed sources。

  4. 三特征同时验证 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    本文完美展现说明文特征:开头 introduce growth mindset concept,结构按 background-research-example-application 展开,全文 maintain objective explanatory tone。没有 argumentative thesis,没有 news event reporting,纯粹是 explain 一个 concept 及其 implications。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁?

  • found that P1 研究引述标记 research found/showed/revealed that studies indicate/suggest that a study led by... discovered research participants were instructed to the team found that
  • tend to believe that P2 概念界定标记 defined as refers to is characterized by means that consists of
  • For example P3 例证引入标记 for instance such as to illustrate take... for example as an illustration
  • pointed out P4 专家观点引述标记 according to experts researchers note that scientists explain scholars suggest as X pointed out/stated
  • Building on these findings P2 逻辑递进标记 building on based on this following this extending from the next step was to
  • Take smartphones for example P4 应用实例标记 take X for example consider X look at X X serves as an example in the case of X
  • research participants were instructed to P3 实验过程描述标记 participants were asked to subjects completed the procedure involved the experiment consisted of researchers conducted
  • may also extend to P5 功能拓展标记 applications include can be used for serves the purpose of functions to is useful for
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

4 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 《兴趣增长型思维可以激发创新思维》 的常见问题

2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 Part III Section C (2) 文章 A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking 的原文出自哪里?
2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 Part III Section C (2) 文章 A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking 选自2020年11月25 日刊登在 www.yale-nus.edu.sg(耶鲁·新加坡国立大学学院官网)上的一篇标题为“A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking”(《兴趣增长型思维可以激发创新思维》)的文章。
2021年12月英语四级真题第3套文章《兴趣增长型思维可以激发创新思维》的主旨是什么?
耶鲁大学教授Paul O'Keefe的研究表明,具有成长型兴趣思维倾向的人——相信兴趣可以培养——更有可能跨学科整合知识,从而在当今复杂世界中促进问题解决、产品开发和职业适应性方面的创新。(英文表述:Research by Yale Professor Paul O'Keefe demonstrates that people with a growth mindset of interest—believing interests can be developed—are more likely to integrate knowledge across disciplines, fostering innovation in problem-solving, product development, and career adaptability in today's complex world.)
A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking(2021年12月英语四级真题第3套文章)是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为说明文,作者立场是积极支持(supportive and optimistic about growth mindset)。CEFR 难度 C1,全文 351 词、5 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,C1 级共 163 篇(占 32%)。
2021年12月英语四级真题第3套文章《兴趣增长型思维可以激发创新思维》的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 5 段按说明文骨架分为 5 个意群:第1段——问题背景与研究切入点;第2段——核心概念界定与研究基础;第3段——实证支持与具体案例;第4段——商业应用价值阐释;第5段——个人就业价值延伸。
A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking 一文的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(supportive and optimistic about growth mindset)。判断路径:开头段的解决方案呈现 → 证据链的层层堆叠 → 实用价值的积极框定 → 全文积极叙事一致性;文中的态度信号词包括 spark innovation(第1段)、useful direction(第4段)、more likely to devise innovative ideas(第4段)、benefits may also extend(第5段)、help job seekers expand their interests(第5段)。
2021年12月英语四级真题第3套文章 A growth mindset of interest can spark innovative thinking 中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 6 个:spark(激发、引发)、cultivate(培养、培育)、boost(提升、增强)、devise(设计、策划、想出)、pressing(紧迫的、迫切的)、initiative(主动性、主动权),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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