2021年12月英语四级第3套真题句子解析： After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas, like computational chemistry.

After coding and analyzing the ideas they generated, the team found that people with a growth mindset of interest were more likely to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors like computational economics rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas

该句存在两层嵌套:第一层是宾语从句"that people...were more likely to...",嵌套在主句"the team found"中;第二层是定语从句"that drew from...",嵌套在宾语从句内部的名词"majors"之后。此外,句首还有现在分词状语"After coding and analyzing...",其中包含定语从句"they generated"。整体构成了从句套从句以及非谓语结构的混合嵌套。

coding and analyzing the ideas they generated

"coding and analyzing"是并列的两个现在分词,在句中作时间状语,修饰主句"the team found...",表示"在编码和分析...的过程中/之后"。这两个分词与主句主语"the team"构成逻辑上的主动关系(团队主动进行编码和分析),符合现在分词作状语的典型用法。

they generated

"generated"是过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的名词"the ideas",表示"他们产生的想法"。这里"ideas"与"generate"是被动关系(想法被产生),符合过去分词作后置定语的用法。虽然在定语从句"they generated"中"generated"看似过去式谓语,但从整体看这是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句,本质上"generated"修饰"ideas",体现被动完成义。

to bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors

"to bridge programs...to create new majors"是不定式短语作目的状语,说明"有成长型兴趣思维的人"更可能做这件事的目的是什么。这里"to bridge"和"to create"是并列的两个不定式,共同表达目的。

were more likely to bridge

「be likely to do」是表示可能性的固定搭配,结构为「be动词(任意时态/人称)+ likely + to do不定式」,表达「可能做某事」「有可能...」的语义。

本搭配的核心特征:「likely」作形容词修饰主语状态,「to do」不定式与「likely」紧密结合成固定框架,共同表达对未来动作的可能性判断,而非「likely」单独作表语、「to do」作独立目的状语。

识别要点:确认「likely」与「to do」构成语义整体。本句「people...were more likely to bridge programs」中,「likely to bridge」整体表达「可能搭建」,「to bridge」不可拆解为目的状语。对比非固定搭配情况:「The plan is clear to understand」中「clear」描述plan本身,「to understand」是独立状语,不属本知识点。

程度修饰兼容性:「be likely to do」可被副词修饰增强或减弱程度,如「more likely to」「less likely to」「very likely to」,修饰不改变固定搭配性质。本句「more likely to」正是此类用法。

翻译策略:「be likely to do」通常译为「可能/很可能做...」。本句「were more likely to bridge」可译为「更有可能搭建」,「more likely」体现比较级含义。

可迁移方法:遇到「be + 形容词 + to do」结构时,判断该形容词是否与「to do」构成收录的固定搭配(如supposed/willing/eager等)。若是,则整体理解为「应该/愿意/渴望做...」;若否,则需分析「to do」是否为独立的目的状语或其他成分。「be likely to do」属高频固定搭配,可直接记忆并迁移到同类结构(如「be unlikely to do」「be certain to do」)。

rather than creating majors that drew from only one of those areas

「rather than」用于构成平行对比结构,连接两个在句法层级和语义功能上对等的成分,表达「做A而非做B」的取舍关系。

识别平行对比的关键:「rather than」前后必须是相同的句法形式。本句中,「rather than」前是动名词短语「bridge programs across the arts and sciences to create new majors」,后是动名词短语「creating majors that drew from only one of those areas」,两者都是动名词作宾语补足语,构成完整的平行结构。

语义识别要点:平行的两项必须在逻辑上互斥或对立,构成二选一关系。本句对比的是两种创建专业的方式——跨学科融合(bridge programs across arts and sciences)vs 单一领域(one area),语义上明确对立。

翻译策略:「rather than doing」通常译为「而非...」「而不是...」,强调选择前者、排除后者。本句可译为「创建跨艺术和科学的新专业,而非创建仅从单一领域汲取的专业」。

可迁移方法:遇到「rather than」时,立即寻找其前后的对比成分,确认两者句法形式是否对等(都是动词原形、都是动名词、都是名词短语等),再确认语义是否构成取舍关系。平行对比是「rather than」的核心用法,掌握这一点即可举一反三到所有同类句型。