英语四级真题中的多重嵌套

The locals are a relaxed and friendly bunch—a lot of them told us that it's like what Waiheke Island (now in effect a suburb of Auckland) was in the 1970s when it was a commune of artists and people wanting to escape the city.

当地人都很放松友善——很多人告诉我们，这里很像20世纪70年代的怀赫科岛（如今实际上已成为奥克兰的一个郊区），当时那里是艺术家和想逃离城市的人们聚居的地方。

The team found that residents of the developments that had received the leaflets believed it more likely that local officers would find out about illegal activity than residents of the control areas.

该团队发现，相较于对照区域的居民，收到传单的社区居民更相信当地警察更有可能发现违法活动。

They bring their Dobsonian telescope and beanbags (it's hard work staring up wide-eyed in wonder without neck support) and, our elder daughter was glad to hear, hot chocolate to wherever you are on the island.

他们会把多布森望远镜和懒人沙发带到岛上的任何地方（没有颈部支撑，仰着头睁大眼睛惊叹地凝视星空可是很辛苦的事）；而且，听到还有热巧克力，我们的大女儿很是高兴。

Wide awake at 3:30 am with our nine-year-old daughter on our lodge balcony, I stared for hours at the most incredible night sky I've ever seen before the dawn slowly started to rub out the stars on the horizon and the multiple shooting stars faded away.

凌晨三点半，我和九岁的女儿在小屋的阳台上毫无睡意。我凝望了几个小时那片我见过的最令人惊叹的夜空，直到黎明缓缓抹去地平线上的星辰，几颗流星也渐渐消逝。

We were going to my wife's big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an "exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights"—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule.

我们原本打算去新西兰奥克兰参加我妻子家族的大型聚会，但得知就在海岸外不远处的大堡礁岛最近获评为“暗夜星空保护区”——这类地方通常地处偏远，拥有“非凡或独具特色的星空夜色”——我们觉得，在忙碌的行程开始前，那里会是放松身心的完美去处。

Several lifestyle studies are getting underway soon, including one backed by the Alzheimer's Association called the US POINTER study, which will offer at-risk adults, ages 60-79, a series of lifestyle interventions(干预) to see if they impact Alzheimer's risk.

几项生活方式研究即将启动，其中包括一项由阿尔茨海默病协会支持、名为 US POINTER 的研究。该研究将为年龄在 60 至 79 岁、存在患病风险的成年人提供一系列生活方式干预措施，以观察这些措施是否会影响他们患阿尔茨海默病的风险。

Though the study mentioned above was fairly small (only 191 women took the initial fitness test, which means it's hard to maintain statistical significance while breaking the group down into sub-categories of more or less fit), it does give us hope that dementia can be prevented or delayed through exercise in one's middle age.

尽管上述研究的规模相当有限（最初只有191名女性接受了体能测试，这意味着如果再按体能水平将参与者细分为更健康和不太健康的亚组，就很难保持统计学显著性），但它确实让我们看到希望：人在中年时期通过锻炼，或许能够预防或延缓痴呆症的发生。

"The literature has not yet settled on an amount or type of exercise that is going to be key, although the bulk of literature has suggested that aerobic(有氧的) exercise is what you need to be doing," he said.

他说：“现有文献尚未确定哪种运动量或运动类型是关键，尽管大多数研究都表明，你需要进行有氧运动。”

Those that believed they fell claimed that the capitalists squeezed every ounce of surplus they could from the working class.

那些相信自己已经倒下的人声称，资本家从工人阶级身上榨取了他们所能榨取的一切剩余价值。

On the other hand, advocates of organic farming argue yields and efficiency could be significantly improved if the food industry devoted as much research and money to organic farming as it does conventional agriculture.

另一方面，有机农业的倡导者认为，如果食品行业像对待传统农业那样投入同等规模的研究和资金用于有机农业，其产量和效率将会得到显著提高。

"It's odd but when the light readings were done," said Hilde, explaining how the island was awarded its special status, "they found there was more light pollution on the northern side coming from Fiji, which is about 3,000km away, than Auckland to the south.

“这很奇怪，但在进行光照测量时，”希尔德解释该岛如何获得这一特殊地位时说道，“他们发现，北侧来自斐济的光污染，竟然比南侧来自奥克兰的还要严重，而斐济距离这里大约有 3000 公里。”

"After wrapping up a phone interview, it is typical that the interviewer will ask the candidate if they have any questions. I can't stress this enough: ALWAYS ask questions," says Roark.

结束电话面试后，面试官通常会询问候选人是否有任何问题。我再怎么强调这一点都不为过：一定要提问，"Roark说道。

Some researchers maintain that there is another type of disgust, called moral disgust, that protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong.

一些研究人员认为，还存在另一种类型的厌恶感，即道德厌恶感，它能防止我们参与那些可能被视为道德上错误的活动。

Teara used to be a chef at the Langham in Auckland and so dinner, eaten around a huge circular table (made of one of the most ancient trees in the world), was every bit as mouth-watering as you'd expect.

Teara 曾是奥克兰朗廷酒店的厨师，因此，围坐在一张由世界上最古老的树木之一制成的巨大圆桌旁享用的晚餐，果然如你所料般令人垂涎欲滴。

Researchers conducted the study to understand how genetics influences people's consumption of tea, coffee and alcohol which tend to taste bitter, said lead researcher Jue Sheng Ong.

首席研究员 Jue Sheng Ong 表示，研究人员开展这项研究，是为了了解遗传因素如何影响人们对茶、咖啡和酒精饮料的摄入；这些饮品往往带有苦味。

Raising awareness that people may experience irritability(烦躁) or headaches when cutting down on junk food can help individuals prepare coping strategies in advance, Schulte noted.

Schulte指出，提高人们对减少垃圾食品摄入时可能出现烦躁或头痛这一情况的认识，可以帮助个人提前准备应对策略。

Great Barrier Island is compared to another island which attracted a lot of artists and people who wished to stay away from city life half a century ago.

大堡礁岛被拿来与另一座岛屿作比较；半个世纪前，那座岛吸引了许多艺术家和希望远离城市生活的人。

The findings may also shed light on the barriers people face when changing eating habits—barriers that may play a role in people dropping out of treatments, she said.

她说，研究结果还可能揭示人们在改变饮食习惯时所面临的障碍——这些障碍可能会导致人们退出治疗。

One theory is that if you're eating more quickly, you're not giving your guts enough time to signal to your brain that you've had enough calories and that you're full.

一种理论认为，如果你吃得更快，就没有给肠道足够的时间向大脑发出信号，告诉它你已经摄入了足够的热量，已经吃饱了。

However, it's crucial that you get to know the people who have decision-making authority to gain insight regarding how the business is run and decisions are made.

不过，至关重要的是，你要了解那些拥有决策权的人，从而深入了解企业是如何运营以及决策是如何作出的。

Researchers found that people attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods experience some of the same physical and psychological symptoms—such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep—as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs, according to the study.

研究人员表示，根据这项研究，试图减少食用高度加工食品的人，会出现一些与戒烟或戒毒者相同的身心症状，例如情绪波动、焦虑、头痛和睡眠质量差。

Although prior studies in animals and humans have shown some biological and behavioral similarities between substance-use disorders and addictive-like consumption of highly processed foods, no studies have looked at whether reducing junk food can trigger withdrawal symptoms in people, she noted.

她指出，尽管此前针对动物和人类开展的研究显示，物质使用障碍与对高度加工食品的成瘾性消费之间存在一些生物学和行为上的相似之处，但尚无研究考察过，减少垃圾食品摄入是否会引发人类的戒断症状。

This is the first trial that demonstrates that there is something about highly processed foods—independent of those nutrients—that causes people to overeat.

这是首项试验证明，除了其中所含的营养成分之外，高度加工食品本身还存在某种会导致人们吃得过多的因素。

For example, when asked where you see yourself in five years, we don't want to know that you hope to be married or that you want to buy a new house.

例如，当别人问你五年后希望成为什么样的人时，我们并不想知道你是否希望结婚，或者是否想买一套新房。

They observed that there is a particularly high number of successful women who do not think they are very intelligent.

他们注意到，有相当多事业有成的女性并不认为自己非常聪明。

Researchers Anuj Shah and Michael LaForest wondered whether our tendency to believe that social ties are reciprocal could lead us to mistakenly feel that a stranger does actually know us.

研究人员阿努吉·沙阿和迈克尔·拉福雷斯特想知道，我们倾向于相信社会关系是相互的，这是否会导致我们误以为一个陌生人确实了解我们。

When one of my wife's relations, who comes here regularly, found out that we'd been there, he whispered to us, only half-joking: "Shh—don't tell anyone!"

我妻子的一位经常来这里的亲戚得知我们去过那里后，半开玩笑地低声对我们说：“嘘——别告诉别人！”

When we asked mothers and children to discuss moral issues, such as whether it is OK to play with a child who has stolen someone else's snack, they linked this type of moral wrongdoing with the emotion of anger and not disgust.

当我们让母亲和孩子讨论一些道德问题时，例如是否可以和偷了别人零食的孩子一起玩，他们将这类道德过错与愤怒这种情绪联系起来，而不是与厌恶联系起来。

But new research found that people believe someone who shows off their social status cares more about benefiting themselves than helping others.

但是新的研究发现，人们认为那些炫耀自己社会地位的人更关心使自己受益而不是帮助他人。

Interactive experiences may provide opportunities for children to learn about what constitutes a desirable reputation and the kinds of strategies that are effective for building a good reputation in their social environment.

互动体验可能为儿童提供学习关于什么构成一个理想声誉以及何种策略在他们的社会环境中对建立良好声誉是有效的机会。

Even so, it can be difficult for those who do not study music theory to see this as an indicator, since it is subtle and just shows the impact symphonic(交响乐的) orchestras have had on society's taste in music.

即便如此，对于那些不学习音乐理论的人来说，将此视为一种指标可能是困难的，因为它是微妙的，并且仅仅显示了交响乐团对社会音乐品味所产生的影响。

"This study reinforces what we are learning about how manipulating vision can have a significant effect on the ability of an animal to hear long after the window for auditory(听觉的) learning was thought to have closed," said Patrick Kanold, senior author of the study.

"这项研究强化了我们正在了解的内容，即如何操纵视觉可以对动物的听觉能力产生显著影响，这种影响发生在听觉学习的窗口期被认为已经关闭很久之后，"该研究的资深作者帕特里克·卡诺尔德说。

Kinvara Carey, general manager of an association of the biggest bottled water manufacturers, cites a survey in which people were asked what they would do if bottled water were not available.

金瓦拉·凯里，最大瓶装水制造商协会的总经理，引用了一项调查，在该调查中，人们被问及如果瓶装水不可用，他们会怎么做。

But they could also indicate that they—or their agent—would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage, or they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest.

但他们也可能表明，他们——或他们的代理人——会战略性地对对手表达愤怒以获取优势，或者他们可能选择表达对这次会面的不满，以便让对方认为他们正在失去兴趣。

Research by the Boston College Center for Work & Family, which surveyed new parents at four large US companies who were qualified for taking at least six weeks paid parental leave, found that 81% of the 1,240 employees surveyed said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable.

波士顿学院工作与家庭中心的研究调查了美国四家大公司有资格休至少六周带薪育儿假的新手父母，该研究发现，在接受调查的1240名员工中，81%的人表示父亲休育儿假的观念已经变得更可接受。

Carey's ambitious plan is two-fold: first, change the business model of Formula One, which he said was a "one-man show" under Ecclestone that had a largely narrow vision when it came to negotiating partnership deals; and second, alter the way fans experience the sport, both in person and remotely, so that connections between the audience and people within the series are easier to make.

凯里雄心勃勃的计划是双重的：首先，改变一级方程式的商业模式，他称其在埃克莱斯顿领导下是“一人秀”，在谈判合作协议时具有一个很大程度上狭窄的视野；其次，改变粉丝体验这项运动的方式，无论是亲身还是远程，以便观众和系列赛内人员之间的联系更容易建立。

At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies(韧性) have been the pavement on which they've traveled.

无论教师们身处哪个年级，从幼儿园到医学院或法学院的最后一堂课，很少有时刻能像多年甚至数十年后以前的学生再次出现时那样深深触动情感，他们会讲述自己的人生旅程走向何方，以及哪些韧性是他们一路走来的铺路石。

Research is limited, but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming—that is, the ability to be aware that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking up—may hold the answer.

研究是有限的，但一些研究表明，能够掌握清醒梦的人——即能够意识到噩梦正在发生，甚至可能在不醒来的情况下控制它的能力——可能持有答案。

Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding well-known scientists and organizations promoting a message that, in the battle against weight gain, people should pay more attention to exercise and less to what they eat and drink.

去年，《纽约时报》披露了可口可乐公司是如何资助知名科学家和组织来宣传这样一个信息的：在对抗体重增加的斗争中，人们应该更多地关注锻炼，而更少地关注他们吃什么和喝什么。

We wonder what would happen if schools helped to make beliefs about the potential for change and improvement a larger feature of the overall school culture, especially for students starting the ninth grade.

我们想知道，如果学校帮助使关于改变和提升潜力的信念成为整体学校文化中一个更显著的特征，特别是对于开始九年级的学生，会发生什么。

That describes the reaction of many Americans this week following revelations that, 50 years ago, the sugar industry paid Harvard scientists for research that shifted the focus away from sugar's role in heart disease—and put the spotlight(注意的中心) squarely on dietary fat.

这描述了本周许多美国人的反应，在揭露了50年前糖业公司付费给哈佛科学家进行研究，该研究将焦点从糖在心脏病中的作用转移，并将注意的中心完全放在膳食脂肪上之后。

Students who believed that intelligence is fixed—that you are stuck being "not smart" if you struggle in school—showed higher levels of stress hormones when their grades were declining at the beginning of the ninth grade.

那些认为智力是固定的——如果你在学校学习困难，你就会被贴上“不聪明”的标签——的学生，在九年级刚开始成绩下降时，表现出更高水平的压力荷尔蒙。

When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesa told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he'd kept hidden in his run-down wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at 76 million pounds.

当他被迫出售它时，普林塞萨港震惊的旅行社代理人告诉他，那颗他藏在自己破旧木屋里的77磅重的巨型珍珠是世界上最大的珍珠，其价值为7600万英镑。

Some of the world's most innovative companies are located here, providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 12-year-old Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and subsequently received a summer job.

世界上一些最具创新力的公司位于这里，提供了诸如由一位名叫史蒂夫·乔布斯的12岁山景城居民抓住的机会，当时他打电话给威廉·休利特索要 spare parts ，随后获得了一份暑期工作。

That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson, "was meant to shame" and relied on the familiar notion that a woman of color concerned about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a single mom, probably with multiple kids.

育儿正义组织主任丹妮尔·阿特金森说，那条评论“意在羞辱人”，并依赖于一个常见的观念，即一个关注收入不平等和促进流动性项目的有色人种女性，根据定义，必定是一个单身母亲，可能有多个孩子。

The gender pay gap based on median salaries across the sector in 2016-2017 was 13.7%, suggesting there is still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid appropriately.

基于2016-2017年全行业薪资中位数的性别薪酬差距为13.7%，这表明要确保女性晋升到更高职级职位并获得适当薪酬，仍有一段路要走。

Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we've learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there's some truth to the popular notion that we're "getting" a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it).

科学家们发现，梦到我们学过的一项任务与该活动中表现的提高有关联（这表明，一旦我们开始用一门外语做梦，我们就“掌握”了这门外语这一流行观点是有一定道理的）。

A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting(反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity.

2016年对10项探讨早餐与体重管理之间关系的研究的综述得出结论：支持或反驳“早餐影响体重或食物摄入”这一论点的“证据有限”，且在早餐建议可用于帮助预防肥胖之前，需要更多证据。

He went on to say that if love is defined as a long-term commitment—meaning dogs seek one another out when they're apart, they're happy when they're reunited, they protect one another, they feed one another, they raise their children together—then of course dogs love each other.

他接着说，如果爱被定义为一种长期承诺——意思是当狗分开时它们会寻找彼此，当它们团聚时会很开心，它们会互相保护，互相喂食，一起抚养它们的孩子——那么当然狗会彼此相爱。

"I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette(礼仪) emerges in terms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue."

"我认为，看看在是否告诉人们你有摄像头、以及如果不是安全问题的话，客人是否有权要求将其关闭方面，会出现什么样的礼仪，这将是非常有趣的。"