对英语四级真题句子逐分句（含主句与各类从句）标注时态、语态与语气，按真实分布统计——哪些时态先学、哪些可以后放，用数据说话。
已标注 32623 个分句，出现 14 种时态，最高频的是一般现在时 17744 处、一般过去时 7057 处、情态动词结构 3507 处。 本页为其中 14 种时态各给出代表句，共 42 句（出自 16 套真题卷，句长 9–60 词）， 按该时态的出现次数从多到少排列：每句高亮该时态所在的分句，标注语态与分句类型，附中文翻译、逐句解析与出处试卷； 点句卡末尾的「本句详情」可看结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态标注、考点讲解与真题高频词。全量分布统计见页尾收录数据。
本页精选的 42 句真题例句已由懒笔记排版为 A4 打印版 PDF，可免费下载，PDF 内的真题出处链接均可点击。
按时态出现次数从多到少排列；每句高亮该时态所在的分句，附中文翻译、解析与出处试卷。
Some researchers maintain that there is another type of disgust, called moral disgust, that protects us from engaging in activities that can be perceived as morally wrong.
一些研究人员认为，还存在另一种类型的厌恶感，即道德厌恶感，它能防止我们参与那些可能被视为道德上错误的活动。
该分句整体作主句动词“maintain”的宾语，回答“研究者主张什么”。引导词“that”是纯连接词，不在从句内部充当主语、宾语等成分；从句主干为“there is another type of disgust”。
What does the woman say is the most important thing for the man to do at first?
女士说，男士一开始最重要的是做什么？
该部分是“say”的宾语，表达女人所说的内容，即“什么是男人一开始最重要要做的事情”。这是一个嵌入疑问从句，底层结构可理解为“what is the most important thing for the man to do at first”。由于疑问词“What”从该从句前置到整句句首，表层证据无法作为连续、不含主句成分的字符串来表示，因此这里保留完整原句作为范围证据，并在分析中明确其实际句法覆盖范围。
What does the news report say Keith Stonehouse is planning to do?
新闻报道说，基思·斯通豪斯计划做什么？
这是一个特殊疑问句，主句主干为 "the news report does say"，助动词 "does" 因疑问结构置于主语前。句首 "What" 是嵌入式疑问从句中动词 "do" 的宾语，并非主句成分；该疑问从句整体作 "say" 的内容宾语。
Teara used to be a chef at the Langham in Auckland and so dinner, eaten around a huge circular table (made of one of the most ancient trees in the world), was every bit as mouth-watering as you'd expect.
Teara 曾是奥克兰朗廷酒店的厨师，因此，围坐在一张由世界上最古老的树木之一制成的巨大圆桌旁享用的晚餐，果然如你所料般令人垂涎欲滴。
这是第二个并列主句，主语是 "dinner"，"eaten around a huge circular table" 是修饰 dinner 的过去分词短语，"made of one of the most ancient trees in the world" 修饰 "table"；谓语是系动词 "was"，表语是 "every bit as mouth-watering as you'd expect"。其中 "as you'd expect" 是比较结构中的比较标准表达，不单独作为比较从句节点。
This type of study can't say exactly what kind of exercise is best, or how much is needed—only a study that has a placebo(安慰剂) group and tracks people going forward can do that, said Keith Fargo, director of scientific programs and outreach at the non-profit Alzheimer's Association.
非营利组织阿尔茨海默病协会科学项目与推广部主任基思·法戈表示，这类研究无法确切说明哪种运动最好，或需要进行多少运动；只有设置安慰剂组并对参与者进行前瞻性跟踪的研究才能回答这些问题。
这是包含破折号连接和句末报道语的完整句子。主干由前后两个独立分句构成，句末“said Keith Fargo”是说明信息来源的后置报道语，不作为递归拆分的独立主句。
If this doesn't encourage you to squeeze in a workout today, nothing will: a new study from Sweden shows that women who were highly fit in mid-life were nearly 90% less likely to get dementia(失智) decades later.
如果这还不能促使你今天抽空锻炼，那恐怕没有什么能做到了：瑞典一项最新研究显示，中年时期身体素质非常好的女性，几十年后患上痴呆症的可能性几乎降低了90%。
“that”引导的完整分句作“shows”的动词宾语，具体说明研究显示的内容。其主干是“women ... were nearly 90% less likely to get dementia(失智) decades later”，其中“who were highly fit in mid-life”修饰“women”。
The study, published Wednesday in the journal Neurology, couldn't prove that exercise prevented dementia, and the findings aren't a surprise—it's long been known there's a correlation between exercise and decreased dementia risk—but the results were particularly dramatic.
这项研究于周三发表在《神经病学》杂志上。研究无法证明运动能够预防痴呆症，这一发现也并不令人意外——人们早已知道运动与痴呆症风险降低之间存在相关性——但研究结果的差异幅度尤其显著。
这是包含三个并列主句的复合句：第一个主句说明研究无法证明运动能预防痴呆，第二个主句评价研究发现并包含破折号插入的解释性结构，第三个主句强调结果特别显著。
"When the brain is healthier from a vascular(血管的) point of view, it can absorb more Alzheimer's pathogen(病原体) before people become symptomatic," he said.
他说：“从血管健康的角度来看，大脑越健康，人们在出现症状之前就能吸收更多的阿尔茨海默病病原体。”
这是直接引语内部的完整陈述句，核心结构是"it can absorb more Alzheimer's pathogen"，前面有When引导的时间状语从句，末尾有before引导的时间状语从句。
But in a phone interview, the only thing you have to go on is what you say and how you say it.
但在电话面试中，你唯一能凭借的就是你说了什么，以及你是怎么说的。
该分句紧跟并限制先行词"thing"，可还原为"the only thing that/which you have to go on"。省略的关系词在从句中充当介词"on"的宾语，因此这是零引导的限制性定语从句；从句的evidence只应覆盖从句本身，无须包含先行词。
They have determined that the Industrial Revolution had an overall positive effect, but it quite possibly was neutralized by negative events such as wars, high taxes, and rapid population growth.
他们认定，工业革命总体上产生了积极影响，但战争、高税收和人口快速增长等负面事件很可能抵消了这种影响。
这是一个由并列连词"but"连接的复合主句整体，前后包含两个语义上相对独立的主句；前一部分表达判断，后一部分表达该积极影响可能被抵消。
"The literature has not yet settled on an amount or type of exercise that is going to be key, although the bulk of literature has suggested that aerobic(有氧的) exercise is what you need to be doing," he said.
他说：“现有文献尚未确定哪种运动量或运动类型是关键，尽管大多数研究都表明，你需要进行有氧运动。”
这是引号内的直接引语，核心主干是 "The literature has not yet settled on an amount or type of exercise"；其中 "that is going to be key" 修饰并列名词短语 "an amount or type of exercise"，句末的 "although..." 是让步状语从句。
The study, published Wednesday in the journal Neurology, couldn't prove that exercise prevented dementia, and the findings aren't a surprise—it's long been known there's a correlation between exercise and decreased dementia risk—but the results were particularly dramatic.
这项研究于周三发表在《神经病学》杂志上。研究无法证明运动能够预防痴呆症，这一发现也并不令人意外——人们早已知道运动与痴呆症风险降低之间存在相关性——但研究结果的差异幅度尤其显著。
这是嵌入第二个并列主句的解释性独立分句，核心结构是"it has long been known"；"it"是形式主语，后面的"there's a correlation..."充当后置真主语。它不是与前后部分并列的第三个主句，而是破折号插入的内容。
What does the news report say Keith Stonehouse is planning to do?
新闻报道说，基思·斯通豪斯计划做什么？
这是由 "What" 引导的嵌入式特殊疑问从句，整体作主句动词 "say" 的宾语。其内部保留从句语序 "Keith Stonehouse is planning to do"，而 "What" 从动词 "do" 的宾语位置前置到整句句首；这里询问的是报道所说的计划内容，而不是报道提出的直接问题。
Several lifestyle studies are getting underway soon, including one backed by the Alzheimer's Association called the US POINTER study, which will offer at-risk adults, ages 60-79, a series of lifestyle interventions(干预) to see if they impact Alzheimer's risk.
几项生活方式研究即将启动，其中包括一项由阿尔茨海默病协会支持、名为 US POINTER 的研究。该研究将为年龄在 60 至 79 岁、存在患病风险的成年人提供一系列生活方式干预措施，以观察这些措施是否会影响他们患阿尔茨海默病的风险。
这是完整主句，主语是 "Several lifestyle studies"，谓语核心是 "are getting underway"；后面包含现在分词补充结构、非限制性定语从句以及嵌套的宾语从句。
The volume of income that workers take home as a proportion of what the U.S. economy produces is still falling.
劳动者实际拿到手的收入占美国经济产出的比重仍在下降。
这是完整的主句，主干为"The volume ... is still falling"，主语中心词是"volume"，系动词结构"is still falling"表示该数量仍在下降。主语内部包含修饰"income"的限制性定语从句，以及作介词"of"宾语的自由关系从句。
He recommends practicing answers to questions you know will be asked ahead of time in order to be clear on what you're going to say.
他建议提前练习那些你知道面试时一定会被问到的问题，以便明确自己要说些什么。
该限制性定语从句紧跟先行词“questions”，限定所练习的是哪些问题。可补出关系代词“that/which”：questions that/which you know will be asked ahead of time。关系代词在更深层的内容分句中充当“will be asked”的主语；“you know”是插入于关系结构内部的主句，其后的内容为关系代词所承担主语位置的命题，而不是一个可以单独切出的、缺少主语的宾语从句节点。
If this doesn't encourage you to squeeze in a workout today, nothing will: a new study from Sweden shows that women who were highly fit in mid-life were nearly 90% less likely to get dementia(失智) decades later.
如果这还不能促使你今天抽空锻炼，那恐怕没有什么能做到了：瑞典一项最新研究显示，中年时期身体素质非常好的女性，几十年后患上痴呆症的可能性几乎降低了90%。
这是包含前置条件状语从句、主句以及冒号后补充说明内容的完整句子。前半部分“If this doesn't encourage you to squeeze in a workout today, nothing will”构成条件句，冒号后以“a new study from Sweden shows...”说明前述判断的依据。
The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, "I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary… But don't count on it."
哈佛大学已故的理查德·哈克曼曾经主张：“当你拥有一个团队时，存在产生奇迹、创造非凡事物的可能性……但不要指望它。”
由 "that" 引导，说明 "possibility" 的具体内容，即团队将创造魔力。that 后的 "it will generate magic" 成分完整，that 不充当任何成分，符合同位语从句特征。与先行词 "possibility" 被 "exists" 分隔，属于分隔式同位语。
M: No, my problem was I was spending too much time on social media, messaging friends and commenting on other people's posts.
M：不，我的问题是花太多时间在社交媒体上，给朋友发消息，还评论别人的帖子。
该分句位于系动词“was”之后，整体说明“my problem”的具体内容，因此是表语从句。这里通常可理解为省略了连词“that”，即“my problem was that I was spending...”。
The new study looked at how men and women were dividing work at home and why they divided it that way.
这项新研究考察了男性和女性如何分担家务，以及他们为何会以这种方式分工。
该从句位于介词 "at" 之后，整体作 "looked at" 中介词 "at" 的宾语；连接副词 "how" 引出一个间接疑问，询问男女当时是如何分配家务的。
I was thinking of doing what you did today—wandering the old streets and taking pictures.
我正想着今天也像你一样，逛逛老街、拍拍照。
这是完整的主句，主语为 "I"，谓语核心为 "was thinking"，其后接介词结构 "of doing..."；破折号后的动名词短语对前面的行为内容作补充说明。
We were going to my wife's big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an "exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights"—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule.
我们原本打算去新西兰奥克兰参加我妻子家族的大型聚会，但得知就在海岸外不远处的大堡礁岛最近获评为“暗夜星空保护区”——这类地方通常地处偏远，拥有“非凡或独具特色的星空夜色”——我们觉得，在忙碌的行程开始前，那里会是放松身心的完美去处。
"that" 引导的完整分句作短语动词 "found out" 的内容宾语；从句内部的主语是 "Great Barrier Island"，谓语是 "had been recently awarded"。
6% of pet owners said they'd fallen or injured themselves as a result of having a pet.
6%的宠物主人表示，他们曾因养宠物而跌倒或受伤。
该完整分句作动词"said"的宾语，说明宠物主人说了什么。"that"在口语和普通书面语中被省略；从句主语为"they"，谓语部分为"had fallen or injured themselves"，后接结果状语。
When Coburn spoke to them and described what he'd found, only a few store owners admitted the lanes had helped.
当科伯恩和他们交谈并描述他的发现时，只有少数店主承认这些通道有帮助。
"the lanes had helped" 位于及物动词 "admitted" 之后，整体充当其宾语，意思是店主承认“这些车道起了帮助作用”；这里相当于省略了 "that"，即 "admitted that the lanes had helped"。
What does the woman say would happen even if she got promoted in her current company?
这位女士说，即使她在现在的公司得到晋升，会发生什么？
该分句整体表示这名女士“say”的内容，因而充当动词“say”的宾语。表层证据从“would happen”开始，但其逻辑主语是已前置到全句句首的“What”，底层结构可还原为“what would happen even if she got promoted in her current company”；“say”与该内容分句之间没有显式“that”，属于零引导。
Tell Kathy Mike would like to have a change.
告诉凯茜，迈克想换一下。
该分句整体作动词"Tell"的宾语，表示需要告诉 Kathy 的具体内容。它前面省略了宾语从句连接词"that"；内部主语是"Mike"，谓语核心是"would like"，不再包含其他从句。
The team found that residents of the developments that had received the leaflets believed it more likely that local officers would find out about illegal activity than residents of the control areas.
该团队发现，相较于对照区域的居民，收到传单的社区居民更相信当地警察更有可能发现违法活动。
该 that 从句表达被判断为“more likely”的具体内容，是形容词“likely”的内容补足成分；按给定分类归入“形容词/分词宾语”的宾语从句。“that”仅起连接作用，不在从句内部充当成分。
I've been trying to book tickets for the musical Cats in London on the evening of May the 28th, but I can't get the computer to accept my card payment.
我一直在尝试预订5月28日晚在伦敦上演的音乐剧《猫》的门票，但电脑始终无法接受我的刷卡付款。
这是一个由并列连词"but"连接的并列主句整体。前一分句说明持续尝试订票，后一分句说明订票失败的具体原因。
Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit.
超市长期以来一直是现存利润率最低的行业之一，也是最不令人期待去工作或参观的地方之一。
主句主干为 "Supermarkets have long been suffering as…"，主语 Supermarkets、谓语 have been suffering、介词 as 引出两个并列的补语成分（"one of the thinnest-margined businesses" 和 "one of the least-looked-forward-to places"）。主句完整表达核心意思：超市一直遭受着作为某类企业和场所的处境。
Since then, it has gone up and down, and has been going steadily down since November.
从那时起，它一直时好时坏，并且自11月以来一直在稳步下降。
全句只有一个明确主语 "it"，其后由 "and" 连接两个并列谓语 "has gone up and down" 和 "has been going steadily down since November"。第二个并列谓语承接共同主语 "it"，不另行构成从句。两处 "since" 后分别接副词 "then" 和名词短语 "November"，均未引出含主谓结构的分句，因此全句没有从句。
It sounds like you'll be wasting several hours every day on the road instead of studying.
听起来你每天会在路上浪费几个小时，而不是学习。
这是由 like 引导的表语从句，位于系动词 sounds 之后，补充说明 "sounds" 的具体内容。like 在此处作连词(非介词)，引导完整的从句 "you'll be wasting several hours every day on the road instead of studying"，表达「你将会在路上浪费时间而不是学习」这一判断内容。
She also faces investigation from childcare services, who will also be asking why Karla was left alone with her vulnerable relatives.
她还面临来自儿童保育机构的调查，该机构也将询问为什么卡拉被单独留下与她脆弱的亲属在一起。
该从句由关系代词“who”引导，补充说明前面的“childcare services”。它前面有逗号，属于非限制性定语从句；“who”在从句内部作主语，谓语为“will also be asking”。
If you are a low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state, make sure you know if you can use your state benefits, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP.
如果你是一名将要去外州上学的低收入学生，确保你知道你是否可以使用你的州福利，例如补充营养援助计划（SNAP）。
该分句由关系代词 "who" 引导，修饰先行词 "student"，限定是哪一类学生。"who" 在从句中作主语，谓语为 "will be attending"，因此是限制性定语从句。
Even though Wang tried to account for this by culling the weakest winners, it's impossible to know which of the winners would have quit had they found themselves on the losing side.
尽管王试图通过剔除最弱的获胜者来解释这一点，但不可能知道如果获胜者发现自己处于失败的一方，他们中哪些人会退出。
由连接代词 "which" 引导,作动词 "know" 的宾语,表达间接疑问「哪些获胜者会退出」。从句内部包含虚拟条件结构 "had they found..."。
That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.
那是凯恩斯能够获取的最后数据之后的一个世纪。
限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 "the last data"。关系代词 "that/which" 在从句中作 "access to" 的宾语被省略,形成零引导。从句谓语为 "would have had access to",使用虚拟语气表过去可能性。
I would have thought America made the best jeans because it's a typical American garment.
我本会认为美国制作最好的牛仔裤，因为它是一种典型的美国服装。
主句主干为"I would have thought + 宾语从句"，would have thought 是虚拟语气（对过去的虚拟推测），表示"我本会认为"。主句在 thought 之后接了一个宾语从句，该宾语从句内部又嵌套了原因状语从句。
I thought we agreed that we would not be sending him away at such a young age.
我以为我们同意了在他这么小的年纪不会送他走。
该从句作动词"agreed"的宾语，由that引导，表达我们达成一致的具体内容："我们不会在他这么小的年纪送他走"。从句使用过去将来进行时"would not be sending"表达当时对未来的计划。
Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said 'yes' and force them to deal with the trade-off.
提醒你的上级，如果你答应了，你会忽略什么，并迫使他们处理这个权衡。
该从句作动词 "Remind" 的直接宾语（"Remind your superiors" 后接的内容），由融合关系词 "what" 引导（= the thing(s) that），"what" 在从句内部充当 "neglecting" 的宾语。从句本身还内嵌一个条件状语从句 "if you said 'yes'"。
Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world contains microplastics?
如果你知道全世界销售的所有瓶装水中超过90%含有微塑料，你还会喝它吗？
主句采用「Would you be doing…?」虚拟语气疑问结构,表达与现在事实相反的假设询问。主干为「Would you…be drinking it」,后接 if 引导的条件状语从句。整体构成完整的虚拟条件句。
If caught, the snake would be examined to determine where it came from, how long it had been in the area, what it had been eating, whether it was carrying any diseases of concern and whether it had produced babies.
如果被捕获，这条蛇将被检查，以确定它来自哪里，它在该地区待了多久，它一直在吃什么，它是否携带任何令人担忧的疾病，以及它是否产下了幼蛇。
宾语从句,作"determine"的宾语。连接代词"what"引导,在从句中作"eating"的宾语,表间接疑问(询问吃什么)。使用过去完成进行时"had been eating",表示过去某时间点之前持续进行的动作。从句内部无嵌套。
The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross.
11月我和马丁内斯交谈的前一天，他一直在佛罗里达州与美国红十字会一起查看飓风迈克尔造成的破坏。
整句主干为 "he had been touring the damage"(他一直在视察受灾情况),主语 he,谓语 had been touring(过去完成进行时),宾语 the damage。句首 "The day before I spoke to Martinez in November" 是时间状语短语,其中 "The day" 被定语从句 "before I spoke to Martinez in November" 修饰,整体作时间状语修饰主句谓语。
"She would put check marks on them like she had been reading them. As I began to read about scientists, economists and philosophers, I started imagining myself in their shoes."
“她会在它们上面打勾，就像她一直在阅读它们一样。当我开始阅读关于科学家、经济学家和哲学家的内容时，我开始想象自己处于他们的位置。”
由like引导的方式状语从句,修饰主句的put动作。like在此作连词表"好像、仿佛",从句"she had been reading them"完整(主语she、谓语had been reading、宾语them),说明打勾的方式——就好像她已经读过它们一样。
英语四级真题句子经逐分句标注，共 32623 个分句（含主句与各类从句）标出了时态、语态与语气：时态出现 14 种，最高频的是一般现在时 17744 处、一般过去时 7057 处、情态动词结构 3507 处；语态分布为主动语态 21871 处、主系表(不适用) 8264 处、被动语态 2488 处；语气分布为陈述语气 31379 处、祈使语气 1042 处、虚拟语气 202 处。本页为其中 14 种时态各给出代表句，共 42 句，出自 16 套真题卷，句长 9–60 词（平均 26 词）。每句高亮该时态所在的分句，标注语态与分句类型，附中文翻译、逐句解析、出处试卷与卷面位置，并可进入单句详情页查看结构树逐层拆解。
关于英语四级真题的时态、语态构成与考法，最常被问到的问题。
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