2022年6月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What do we learn about the new study from the news report?

时长事实 three decades。答案句的信号是一个明确的时长数据 followed for approximately three decades，three decades 即三十年；新闻里凡出现具体年限、数字，往往就是出题落点，听到就应锁定。

• approximately three decades↔as long as some thirty yearsthree decades = thirty years
• They were followed for↔It ran for被跟踪＝研究持续

• A)原词陷阱A 说研究的是运动对睡眠的影响，盗用了录音 questions about sleep and exercise 里真出现过的 sleep、exercise 两个原词；但录音里这两项只是参与者被问到的调查内容之一，本研究的真正主题是含糖饮料与死亡风险，并非研究运动对睡眠的影响，听到原词就选正中圈套。

  借用原文：questions about sleep and exercise and health

• B)与原文相反B 说参与者来自各行各业（various walks of life），但录音明说 Participants worked in the health profession.，即都是医疗卫生行业的人；B 与原文事实相反，是对参与者构成的曲解。

  借用原文：Participants worked in the health profession.

• C)未提及C 说本研究证实了以往研究的结论，但录音通篇没提与任何 previous studies 的比较，反而在结尾强调 it did not prove that drinks with added sugar cause early death——只是关联、未下定论；C 属录音根本没说的内容。

What is the scientists' recommendation?

建议句 should + 最佳选择。答案句同时出现两个强信号：建议词 we should replace them 和择优表达 water being the best choice；should 表建议、the best choice 直接点名最优做法，是这句成为答案句的标志。

• replace them with other drinks, with water being the best choice↔Drinking water instead of beverages with added sugar用水替换＝喝水代替
• them↔beverages with added sugar代词 them 还原即含糖饮料

• A)原词陷阱A 说多吃蔬菜代替肉，盗用了录音 not eating enough vegetables 与 consuming too much meat 里出现过的 vegetables、meat；但录音里这两项是研究者考虑过的其他影响健康的因素，不是科学家给出的建议，把干扰因素当成建议正是陷阱。

  借用原文：lack of exercise and not eating enough vegetables

• C)与原文相反C 让人多喝能量饮料和运动饮料，盗用录音 soda, energy drinks and sports drinks 里的原词；但录音明确说这些正是含糖饮料、应当限制，C 把该少喝的说成多喝，与原文意思相反。

  借用原文：These beverages included soda, energy drinks and sports drinks.

• D)原词陷阱D 说养成规律运动的习惯，盗用录音 lack of exercise 里的 exercise；但运动同样只是研究者排查的其他健康因素之一，录音从未把规律运动作为科学家的建议提出，D 答非所问。

  借用原文：These factors included lack of exercise

What did German police say about a 64-year-old man?

对象出场即答案句。录音念到 a 64-year-old man 这个题干点名的对象时，紧跟其后的动词 found the paintings 就是答案落点——细节题的答案句信号，就是题干那个专有对象一出现。

• found the paintings↔found two 17th-century oil paintingsthe paintings 还原为完整名称

• A)与原文相反选项把 his lost paintings 安在男子头上，可录音说的是他在垃圾堆里发现（found）画并上交，画不是他丢的、更不是他来打听自己丢的画，方向正好反了。
• B)原词陷阱选项盗用了录音 owners、rightful owner 里反复出现的 owner 一词，编出 "他认识两幅失踪画的主人"，可录音只说警方在找失主，从没说这位男子认识失主，是听到 owner 就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：if the rightful owner is not found

• C)原词陷阱选项盗用录音 at a highway rest stop 这个真地点，却把动作篡改成 left（把画留在那里），而录音说的是他在那里 found（发现）画，地点是真的、动作是假的，典型原词陷阱。

  借用原文：at a highway rest stop

What is the art expert's conclusion about the two framed paintings?

结论动词 concluded 引出定性。录音里 An initial assessment by an art expert concluded 用 concluded（得出结论）这个下结论的信号词，后面紧跟的 were originals 就是专家的定性，正是题干要的答案。

• were originals↔They are originals.几乎原句保留

• A)与原文相反选项 imitations（赝品）与专家结论 were originals（真迹）意思正好相反，是把定性极性反转的陷阱；A、B 一真一假对立，听准 originals 就该排除 A。

  借用原文：were originals

• C)原词陷阱选项盗用录音第 4 段 the Italian artist 的 Italian 和 a painting of a boy 的 boy，拼成 "被一个意大利男孩偷走"，可录音根本没提偷画，画里有个男孩、画家是意大利人都被偷换成了偷窃情节，原词陷阱。

  借用原文：a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist

• D)与原文相反录音第 4 段明说一幅是意大利画家 Pietro Bellotti 所作、另一幅出自荷兰画家 Samuel van Hoogstraten，是两位不同画家；选项却说出自 same artist，与原文事实直接矛盾。

  借用原文：One is a landscape painted by the Italian artist Pietro Bellotti dating to 1665. The other is a painting of a boy by the 17th-century Dutch artist Samuel van Hoogstraten

What did the four-year-old girl attempt to do?

目的状语 to seek help for 直指意图。本句用不定式目的状语 to seek help for her sick grandmother 点明女孩此行的目的——"问意图"的题，答案就藏在 to do 这个目的状语里，这是定位的信号。

• to seek help for her sick grandmother↔Save her sick grandmother.为奶奶求助=救奶奶（概括同义）

• A)原词陷阱录音第 2 段确实念到 her blind grandfather，A 项 Look after her grandfather. 就盗用这个"爷爷"原词制造"听到就选"的诱惑；但女孩求助的对象是奶奶不是爷爷，对象张冠李戴。

  借用原文：her blind grandfather

• B)原词陷阱录音念到 through a remote region in Siberia，B 项 Leave the remote cold region. 盗用 remote region 把女孩动机歪曲成"为自己离开寒冷地区"；实际她是为奶奶求助而穿越该地区，不是想离开它。

  借用原文：through a remote region in Siberia

• D)原词陷阱录音念到 braved the threat of bears，D 项 Flee from the threat of bears. 把这个醒目画面词搬进选项；但原文是说女孩"冒着"熊的威胁去求助，不是"为逃避熊"才出门，目的被偷换。

  借用原文：braved the threat of bears

What do we learn from the news report about the girl's mother?

专门讲 mother 的那句直接应答题干。录音里唯一正面交代母亲的句子是 the girl's mother is facing a criminal case，紧接着用 stands accused of 补充指控内容——题干专问母亲，答案就锁定在这"专讲母亲"的两句上。

• is facing a criminal case↔She has to face a criminal charge.面临刑事案件=要面临刑事指控（近义词替换）

• B)张冠李戴录音第 1 段说"奶奶"被发现时 motionless，B 项 She was found lying motionless in the snow. 把这个画面安到"母亲"头上；motionless 是原词，但躺着不动的是奶奶不是妈妈。

  借用原文：waking up to find her grandmother motionless

• C)未提及录音通篇讲严寒（negative 26 degrees Celsius 等），C 项 She searched for her daughter in freezing cold. 借"严寒"主题编出"母亲冒寒找女儿"的情节；但原文从没说母亲外出寻找，是女孩自己出门求助。
• D)原词陷阱录音念到 investigation from childcare services，D 项 She works in childcare services. 盗用 childcare services 这个机构词；但原文是该机构要"调查"这件事，不是说母亲"在那儿工作"。

  借用原文：She also faces investigation from childcare services

What happened to the little girl according to the news report?

末段交代结果，让步状语 though 引出真实状况。答案落在末段交代女孩结局的一句，信号是让步连词 though：though 引出的 suffering from the effects of extreme cold 正是女孩的真实遭遇，后半句"无生命危险"是补充，问遭遇就抓 though 这半句。

• suffering from the effects of extreme cold↔She suffered from the effects of severe cold.extreme cold=severe cold（近义形容词替换）

• A)张冠李戴录音末句说"去年一个三岁男孩" survived alone for three days in a remote forest，A 项 She was found in a forest after three days. 盗用 forest 和 three days，把男孩的旧事安到这个女孩头上。

  借用原文：a three-year-old boy survived alone for three days

• B)过度推断B 项 She lay totally unconscious for three days. 借男孩那句的 three days 拼出"女孩昏迷三天"；原文既没说女孩昏迷，也没说她经历三天，no life-threatening effects 反而说明她无大碍，程度被严重夸大。

  借用原文：the child reportedly suffered no life-threatening effects

• D)与原文相反录音里女孩是"独自外出为亲属求助"，D 项 She was finally rescued by her relatives. 把方向反过来说成"被亲属救出"；relatives 算原文涉及的关系词，但谁救谁正相反。

  借用原文：to seek help for her sick grandmother

What does the woman say about her new friend Susan?

女士介绍朋友的开场陈述。对话一开口，女士就主动交代 she's from South Africa，这是"被介绍人的出身"，正面回答了"关于 Susan"。随后第5段又点出家乡 It's called Cape Town.，两处合起来坐实她来自开普敦这座城市。

• she's from South Africa↔She comes from the city of Cape Town.from = comes from，国家细化到城市

• A)原词陷阱录音说的是 She has very cool photos on her social media.——朋友圈有好照片，并没说她"热爱拍照"。选项把"有酷照片"偷换成"对拍照有热情"，是听到 photos 就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：She has very cool photos on her social media.

• B)原词陷阱录音里 hometown 出现在 The photos of her hometown look amazing.，说的是"家乡的照片好看"，根本没说她"刚从家乡回来"。选项借 hometown 这个原词编了个时间动作。

  借用原文：The photos of her hometown look amazing.

• D)张冠李戴录音里 amazing 形容的是 The photos of her hometown look amazing.——家乡的照片惊艳，不是说"她本人长相惊艳"。选项把形容"照片"的词安到了"她的外貌"上。

  借用原文：The photos of her hometown look amazing.

What does the woman say about Table Mountain?

因果 because 后给出命名缘由即特征。The mountain is called Table Mountain because it's flat at the top. 中 because 后那句才是关键——它解释了山名的由来，也正面给出了这座山的物理特征"顶部平坦"。because 引出的正是答案落点。

• it's flat at the top↔It has a flat surface at the top.flat at the top = flat surface at the top

• A)原词陷阱录音提到 It's called Cape Town. 是城市名，但从没说桌山"和开普敦一样有名"。选项借 Cape Town 这个原词，凭空造了个"知名度比较"。

  借用原文：It's called Cape Town.

• C)偷换概念录音说 it's very green and windy——这是形容开普敦这座城市"很绿、多风"，既不是说桌山，也没说"无污染"。选项把 green 扩大成 free from pollution，程度被悄悄拔高。

  借用原文：it's very green and windy

• D)张冠李戴录音里 European settlers 出现在 The city was built by European settlers.——欧洲移民"建了这座城"，命名桌山的依据是"顶平"而非欧洲移民。选项把"建城"换成"给山命名"。

  借用原文：The city was built by European settlers.

What do we learn from the conversation about the woman's friend Susan?

明确指向 Susan 本人的直接陈述。第7段先讲南非"很混杂"，但话锋一转点名 Susan is white. She says her ancestors were from Britain.——主语明确是 Susan 本人，正面交代了她的血统来源，是答案句。前面那句"很混杂"是说整个国家，不是说她。

• her ancestors were from Britain↔She has British ancestors.ancestors from Britain = British ancestors

• B)张冠李戴录音 South Africa is very mixed 说的是"南非（这个国家/人口）很混杂"，紧接着却明说 Susan is white.——她是白人，不是混血。选项把形容国家的 mixed 安到了她头上。

  借用原文：South Africa is very mixed

• C)原词陷阱录音只说南非有 Indian people（印度裔居民），从没说 Susan"在印度长大"。选项借 Indian 这个原词编了段她个人的成长史。

  借用原文：Indian people

• D)与原文相反录音说 Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.——南非语言多，但她只会英语。选项说她"会好几门语言"，正好把 but 之后"只说英语"的真意说反了。

  借用原文：Many languages are spoken in South Africa, but she only speaks English.

What does the woman say about rugby in South Africa?

转折 but 后给出真正的流行度比较。I think they play football, but it's not as popular as rugby. 中 but 之后才是落点——"足球不如橄榄球受欢迎"，等于说橄榄球比足球更火。but 后那句承载了答案，前半"他们踢足球"是铺垫。

• it's not as popular as rugby↔It is more popular than football.football not as popular as rugby = rugby more popular than football

• A)过度推断录音说 the players push each other 且 I think it's very complicated.——只说球员互相推挤、规则复杂，从没说它"极度暴力"。选项借"推挤/复杂"的印象夸大成 extremely violent。

  借用原文：the players push each other

• B)未提及录音只说它在南非比足球受欢迎、在英国及前殖民地也流行，从没说它"正在成为国球"。national sport 在原文里根本没出现，是无中生有。
• C)原词陷阱录音 it's also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies like Australia and New Zealand 说新西兰是"它也流行"的地方之一，并非"起源地"。选项把"流行地"偷换成"起源于新西兰"。

  借用原文：it's also popular in Britain and in other former British colonies like Australia and New Zealand

What does the woman advise the man to do?

建议信号 Have you considered 引出的提议。女方用 Have you considered making a study guide? 这个建议句式回应男方的求助，「考虑过……吗」就是典型的提建议信号，信号后跟的 making a study guide 即为她建议的动作。

• Have you considered making a study guide?↔Prepare a study guide.making 改写成 Prepare，同义动词替换

• B)未提及选项 Consult his advisors. 说的「咨询顾问」在整段对话里从未出现，女方建议的是自己做学习指南，不是去找顾问。
• C)原词陷阱选项 Go over his notes regularly. 借了对话里反复出现的 notes 来诱你，但女方此处的建议是做 study guide，并未叫他「定期复习笔记」；regularly（定期）更是录音里没有的。

  借用原文：my study folder is full of notes and worksheets

• D)原词陷阱选项 Take stress-relief sessions. 抓住录音里 take the stress out of studying 的 stress 做文章，但录音说的是「学习指南能卸掉压力」，不是叫他去「上减压课程」；stress-relief sessions 是凭 stress 一词编出来的。

  借用原文：take the stress out of studying

What is the biggest problem the man has with his studies?

强调信号 My main problem is 直接点题。男方用 My main problem is 这个强调句式亲口点出最大困扰，main problem 就是直接指向答案的信号，其后描述的状况即为答案内容。

• my study folder is full of notes and worksheets, and is badly disorganized↔His study folder is badly disorganized.study folder 与 badly disorganized 原句几乎直取

• A)张冠李戴选项 His worksheets are terribly messy. 借了录音的 worksheets，但录音说乱的是整个 study folder，worksheets 只是文件夹里装着的东西之一；把「乱」单独安到 worksheets 头上是偷换对象。

  借用原文：my study folder is full of notes and worksheets

• B)原词陷阱选项 He finds the workload too heavy. 抓住男方开场 struggling with this semester's workload 的 workload，但那只是他来求助的引子，他亲口说的 main problem 是文件夹乱，不是工作量大。

  借用原文：I'm really struggling with this semester's workload

• D)原词陷阱选项 He has difficulty taking notes quickly. 借录音里的 notes 做文章，但录音只说文件夹里塞满 notes 且很乱，从没提男方「记笔记速度慢」这个困难，taking notes quickly 是凭 notes 一词编造的。

  借用原文：my study folder is full of notes and worksheets

What kind of learner does the woman say she is?

第一人称自指 I'm an emotional learner。女方在介绍完 visual、logical 两类后，用 I'm an emotional learner 这个第一人称自指句点明自己的类别，I'm 就是「这是说我自己」的信号，与前面介绍他人类别区分开。

• I'm an emotional learner↔An emotional learner.emotional learner 原词对应

• A)张冠李戴选项 A visual learner. 借了录音里 visual learners 这一类，但视觉型对应的是男方（他说 I'm very much dependent on vision），女方自称的是情感型；把男方的类别安给女方即张冠李戴。

  借用原文：visual learners prefer using images, pictures, colors, and maps

• C)原词陷阱选项 An organized learner. 蹭了全篇「整理笔记 organize」的氛围，但录音介绍的三类是 visual、logical、emotional，从没有 organized learner 这一类，更不是女方的自称。

  借用原文：reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections

• D)张冠李戴选项 A logical learner. 取了录音 Logical learners have a linear mind 这一类，但那是女方泛指介绍的一类人，她自称的是 emotional，不是 logical；安到女方头上属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：Logical learners have a linear mind and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems

What does the woman think the man can do with his notes?

建议信号 I suggest 引出给男方的方法。女方用 I suggest reorganizing your notes using color-coded sections 直接给男方建议，I suggest 是明确的建议信号，your notes 表明是针对男方的笔记，信号后跟的「彩色分区、思维导图」即建议内容。

• using color-coded sections in your study guides, or using idea mapping↔Arrange them using color and pictures.color-coded、idea mapping 概括成 color and pictures
• arrange my notes using color and pictures in place of text↔Arrange them using color and pictures.男方复述确认，几乎原句对应 A

• B)原词陷阱选项 Restructure them in a logical way. 借了录音介绍 logical learners 时的 logic 一词，但女方给男方（视觉型）的建议是用颜色和图，不是「按逻辑重构」；logical 属另一类学习者的特征。

  借用原文：Logical learners have a linear mind and would rather use logic, reasoning and systems

• C)原词陷阱选项 Commit them to memory after class. 蹭了录音 more quickly accessible 的「快」感，但录音说的是用颜色图让信息更快被取用，从没建议「课后把笔记背下来」；memory、after class 都是录音没有的。

  借用原文：make it more quickly accessible

• D)张冠李戴选项 Organize them into a well-connected story. 取了录音 I organize my notes into a story，但那是女方作为情感型学习者「自己」的做法，不是建议给视觉型的男方的；把女方的做法安成给男方的建议即张冠李戴。

  借用原文：As an emotional learner, I organize my notes into a story that I can connect to and recite to myself

What do we learn from the passage about the golden rule?

开篇“X is...”下定义句即落点。录音第一句就用 The golden rule is a moral principle which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated yourself. 直接给 golden rule 下定义，这种篇首“主题词 + is + 定义”的句子就是定义题的答案句信号，开篇即点题。

• a moral principle which states that you should treat others the way you want to be treated↔a moral principle to guide people's behavior“主张你该怎样待人”=“指导人的行为”

• A)原词陷阱录音确实提到 the religion in their society，但只是说不同人接触到的“形式”受宗教等因素影响，从没说它“mainly based on religion”。A 项盗了 religion 这个原词，把“影响形式的因素之一”偷换成“主要建立在宗教上”，是听到原词就想选的陷阱。

  借用原文：based on factors such as the religion in their society

• B)偷换概念录音说 Different people tend to be exposed to different forms——是“不同人接触不同形式”，B 项 17B 式地改成“interpreted differently in different times”（不同时代有不同解读），把“不同人/不同形式”偷换为“不同时代”，且录音第 3 段强调 all forms... revolve around the same concept（内核其实相同），与 B 相悖。

  借用原文：Different people tend to be exposed to different forms of the golden rule

• C)原词陷阱a code of conduct based on laws and ethics 里的 laws and ethics 录音里确实反复出现（如 laws and ethical principles），但那是讲它与法律伦理的“冲突”关系，并非说 golden rule 本身“基于法律伦理”。录音定义它是 a moral principle（道德准则），C 把它的本质错挂到法律伦理上，是张冠李戴式的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles

What is a notable criticism of the golden rule?

信号词 criticism 直接领出答案句。录音第 4 段以 A notable criticism of the golden rule is that... 开头，criticism 这个批评信号词一出，紧跟的 that 从句就是批评的具体内容——这正是答案句，靠信号词定位而非逐句扫读。

• its application can lead to undesirable outcomes↔It may sometimes produce undesirable outcomes.lead to=produce，原词 undesirable outcomes 几乎照搬

• A)未提及It may lead to misunderstanding despite good intentions. 里的 misunderstanding（误解）和 good intentions（好意）录音通篇没提，批评句讲的是“与法律伦理冲突导致不良后果”，与误解无关，属凭常识想象的未提及项。
• B)过度推断It assumes that human beings are all good-natured. 是录音从未表达的论断——录音只说不同形式都 help you treat others better，并没说“它假设人人本性善良”。B 借“better/good”的善意语感引申出“假设人皆善良”，属过度推断。

  借用原文：they help you treat others better

• D)未提及It fails to consider the complexity of human relationships. 听着像个高级批评，但录音对它的批评只指向“与法律伦理冲突”，从未说它“没考虑人际关系的复杂性”。这是一个原文未提及、却被包装得很像批评的干扰项。

What does the example of someone breaking the law serve to show?

例后“This means”总结句即论点落点。违法的例子在第 5 段，但作者在第 7 段用 most individuals and societies choose to place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule 与 This means that... 把例子升华成论断——“This means”这种总结信号之后才是例子真正要说明的观点。

• place laws and ethical principles above the golden rule↔The golden rule must sometimes give way to more important principles.“把法律置于其上”=“黄金法则让位于更重要原则”
• as long as it doesn't clash with a more important concept↔sometimes give way to“一旦与更重要理念冲突”=“有时须让位”

• A)原词陷阱The golden rule is often in conflict with certain laws and ethical principles. 借了录音里的 conflict（conflicts with、clash）。但录音说的是“冲突时如何处理（让位）”，不是强调“它经常与法律冲突”；A 把例子的用意偷换成“频繁冲突”，且 often 程度过强，是原词陷阱。

  借用原文：when it conflicts with laws and ethical principles

• C)与原文相反Failure to follow the golden rule may lead to violation of laws and ethics. 用了 laws、violation 等近义词，但录音的逻辑是“遵守黄金法则反而可能让违法者逍遥（we should let them go）”，即遵守它才可能冲突法律，而非“不遵守它就违法”。C 把因果方向整个弄反了。

  借用原文：the golden rule would suggest that we should let them go

• D)过度推断Observing the golden rule is the first step to becoming a responsible citizen. 听着正能量，但录音从没说遵守它是“成为合格公民的第一步”，反而强调它要让位于更重要原则。D 借“principle、society”的语境拔高出一个原文没有的结论，属过度推断。

What do we learn from the current statistics about diversity in large corporations?

否定句 has not 是落点。这句的答案信号是含蓄否定 has not translated into corporate reality，前面 many large corporations stress the importance of diversity 是铺垫的美好愿望，转到 has not 才是真意——愿望没落地，这正是细节题要抓的结论句。

• the desire to bring about diversity has not translated into corporate reality↔have not seen as much diversity as desired愿望未落地=未达期望

• A)答非所问选项 Many of them find it rather difficult to manage. 听上去像盗用了后文 it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views 的 difficult，但那是讲人们对多元化的顾虑，不是 current statistics 这道题问的统计现状，属答非所问。

  借用原文：it might be difficult to work with someone who has completely different views

• C)与原文相反选项 Many of them have an increasingly diversified staff. 盗用了 diversified 这个原词，方向却反了：录音明说 the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male，统计显示多元化并未实现，C 却说员工日益多元，与原文相反。

  借用原文：the typical manager in America still tends to be white and male

• D)未提及选项 They have not quite grasped the concept of diversity. 说公司没理解多元化的概念，但录音只说愿望没落实为现实，从没说公司不懂这个概念，属未提及、无中生有。

What is the newly published study focused on?

study about 直接点题。答案信号是介绍研究时的点题结构 published their new study about people's attitudes towards diversity at work，about 后面紧跟的就是研究主题，这是主旨题最该锁定的总括句。

• people's attitudes towards diversity at work↔People's attitudes towards diversity at the workplace.at work=at the workplace

• A)答非所问选项 Initiatives to achieve diversity in large corporations. 蹭了 diversity in large corporations 这串原词，但 achieve diversity 的举措是第三、四段给组织的建议，不是这项研究本身聚焦的主题，把分论点冒充主旨，以偏概全。

  借用原文：These findings could help organizations become more diverse.

• B)偷换概念选项 Advantages and disadvantages of a diversified team. 对应录音第二段 On the one hand / On the other hand 讲的多元化利弊，但那是人们态度的具体内容（人们一方面看到价值、一方面担心），属于主题之下的一个层面，拿来当全篇主旨则范围偏小，以偏概全。

  借用原文：On the one hand, many see value in diversity ... On the other hand, they assume that it might be difficult

• D)原词陷阱选项 Innovative ideas and solutions resulting from diversity. 盗用了 generate innovative solutions 的原词，但那只是多元化的众多好处之一，是态度里看到价值的细节，远不是研究聚焦的总主题，属以偏概全。

  借用原文：encourage new ideas, and generate innovative solutions

What do the findings of the new study show?

In other words 后是结论。答案信号是总结性标志 In other words，它后面紧跟的就是对前文的提炼结论 they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves，细节题正应锁定这句被点明的发现。

• they tend to prefer team members who are similar to themselves↔People prefer to work with team members similar to themselves.tend to prefer=prefer to work with

• B)张冠李戴选项 Employers attach great importance to their corporations' diversity. 蹭了 many large corporations stress the importance of diversity 的 importance、diversity，但那是开头讲公司在网站上的表态，不是这项研究的 findings，张冠李戴地把背景当成了发现。

  借用原文：many large corporations stress the importance of diversity on their websites

• C)偷换概念选项 Employers differ from employees in their perspectives on diversity. 偷换了主体：录音区分的是 when a person's own work group is involved 与 when people make decisions for others（自己是否被直接波及），而非 employers 和 employees 两种身份，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：when a person's own work group is involved ... But when people make decisions for others

• D)与原文相反选项 Doubts about the practicability of diversity are gradually disappearing. 盗用了 Doubts about the practicability of diversity 整串原词，方向却反了：录音说当人被直接波及时这种疑虑 have a greater weight（分量更重），并非在逐渐消失，与原文相反。

  借用原文：Doubts about the practicability of diversity have a greater weight if a person is directly affected

What is a major key to success in international business according to the passage?

题干原词 major key to success 在录音里原句重现。这句里 a major key to success in international business 与题干几乎逐字相同，是直接点题的下结论句，听到 key to success 就该锁定它，再回头听它前半 Understanding when it's appropriate to exchange one form for another 才是答案的实质。

• when it's appropriate to exchange one form for another↔Using different forms of communication appropriately换一种形式=用不同形式，appropriate=appropriately

• A)答非所问Choosing the best time for signing a business contract. 借了录音的商务背景和 appropriate（合适）的影子，把它偷换成挑签合同的最佳时机，但录音说的是恰当地切换沟通形式，根本没讲签合同的时间点，属答非所问。
• B)偷换概念Changing one's form of communication from time to time. 借用了换形式这个动作，却把录音强调的 when it's appropriate（看场合）偷换成 from time to time（时不时地）的随意更换，录音讲的是合适与否而非更换频率，属偷换概念。
• C)与原文相反Laying equal stress on written and spoken communication. 借了书面与口头这对原文概念，却说要对两者等量看重，而录音通篇强调的是看场合选用合适的那种，不是一视同仁，方向正好相反。

  借用原文：Understanding when it's appropriate to exchange one form for another

What does the passage say about spoken word agreements in some Middle East countries?

地名 Middle East 后紧跟对口头约定的定性。录音 In parts of the Middle East 一出现就锁定答案区，紧跟的 spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding 正是对题干对象的直接定性，是顺着地名定位到的答案句。

• spoken word agreements are seen as seriously binding↔They are regarded as seriously bindingseen as=regarded as，几乎原义对应

• B)与原文相反They are seldom honored by business partners. 与录音相反，录音说中东口头约定 are seen as seriously binding 且 A person's word is linked to their honor（一个人的话与荣誉相连，被高度看重），seldom honored（很少被信守）恰好反了过来。

  借用原文：A person's word is linked to their honor

• C)张冠李戴They are taken as memos of understanding. 盗用了录音原句 written contracts are taken as memos of understanding，但录音里被当作谅解备忘录的是书面合同（written contracts），不是题干问的口头约定，属张冠李戴——听到原词 memos of understanding 就选会中招。

  借用原文：written contracts are taken as memos of understanding

• D)未提及They are to be confirmed in written form. 借用了 written（书面）这个原文话题词，但录音对中东口头约定只说其约束力强，从未说它要以书面形式确认，属无中生有。

What do we learn about the Western working culture?

对象名 Western working culture 后紧跟其定性主干。录音 Western working culture tends to place a high value on the written word 一出现题干对象就锁定，紧跟的主干 place a high value on the written word 即对该文化的定性，是顺对象名定位到的答案句。

• place a high value on the written word↔It places a high value on written contractsthe written word 与 written contracts 同指书面，且原句下文点明 contracts

• A)原词陷阱It has reached the highest level of evolution. 盗用了录音 reaches its highest level of intensity 里的 highest level，却把 intensity（程度）换成 evolution（进化），还擅自拔高成进化最高级，录音从未说西方文化进化到顶，属过度推断+偷换原词。

  借用原文：this reaches its highest level of intensity

• C)过度推断It regards written contracts as unalterable. 把录音 something that must be strictly carried out（必须严格执行）推到 unalterable（绝对不可更改），严格执行讲的是履行，不可更改讲的是能否修改，录音没说合同不能改，属过度推断。

  借用原文：written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out

• D)未提及It has seen a decline in verbal agreements. 借了 verbal/口头这个话题词，但录音讲西方文化只说它看重书面合同，从未提到口头协议出现下降，属无中生有。

How does a Japanese firm tend to view a written contract?

转折 but 之后才是真意，且 may not 软化约束。录音 may have signed a contract, but they may not feel bound by every detail 里转折词 but 后面才是落点，may not feel bound（未必感到受约束）是日本公司对合同的真实态度，转折+may not 两个信号合起来指向弱约束。

• they may not feel bound by every detail of it↔Its terms may not be strictly bindingnot feel bound 主动表述=not be binding 被动表述，detail≈terms

• A)与原文相反Its details cannot be renegotiated. 借了上文 renegotiate terms 的原词，但录音正说情况变化时这类公司可能想重新协商条款，并非不能重谈，cannot be renegotiated 与原意相反。

  借用原文：if your business partner wants to renegotiate terms that you thought were already agreed on

• B)张冠李戴It has to be carried out to the letter. 盗用了第6段说西方文化的 something that must be strictly carried out，但严格照字面执行讲的是西方文化（美法德），不是题干问的日本公司，张冠李戴——听到 carried out 就选会中招。

  借用原文：written contracts tend to be seen as something that must be strictly carried out

• C)与原文相反It strengthens business partnerships. 与录音相反，录音说这种价值观差异 tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships（往往给商业关系带来很多问题），而非巩固伙伴关系，属与原文相反兼无中生有。

  借用原文：tend to cause many problems when it comes to business relationships