2022年6月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes? 在问「就上网课的学生这件事，作者具体说了什么」，是对单一陈述的事实核对。

题干主干是 What does the author say about X，标准的 say about 双宾结构，关于 X 的对象是 students enrolled in online classes，其中 enrolled in online classes 是过去分词短语作 students 的后置定语，等于 students who are enrolled in online classes，无陷阱。

• A)张冠李戴：宣传方观点≠作者观点

  They can access course materials easily. 取自 P1 对网课的宣传性描述，并非作者本人就「学生」给出的评价，问的是作者对学生说了什么，不是对网课说了什么。

• B)✓ 正确
  • lack the desire to learn↔unmotivated to learn

  预判要找「学生没有学习动力」的表达，四个选项里只有 They are unmotivated to learn. 直接对应 lack the desire to learn，故锁定。

• C)张冠李戴：照抄被驳斥的卖点

  They can learn at their own pace. 原句正是 learn the material at their own pace 的近乎照抄，是作者列为反驳对象的卖点，不是作者对学生的论断。

• D)与原文相反：rarely 类否定词反转事实

  They rarely fulfil the course requirements. 说学生很少完成课程要求，但 they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a passing grade 明示他们恰恰会完成作业、只是为拿学分，方向相反。

What does the author think of online course assignments? 指向作者对某一具体事物的判断句，仍属细节核对。

主干 What does the author think of X，think of 在此意为「认为…如何」，相当于 What is the author’s opinion of X，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • designed to be graded easily↔made convenient to mark

  预判锁定「便于打分」的语义，仅 They are made convenient to mark. 直接对应；其他选项要么扯到互动，要么扯到材料/学生需求，不在 designed to 的目的范围。

• B)与原文相反：not…but… 的前半句反着用

  They are meant to facilitate interaction. 把作业说成「促进互动」，但 not designed for students to interact with the material in depth 明确否定了「互动」目的。

• C)无中生有：制造原文未提及的属性

  They are based on easily accessible material. 说作业基于「容易获取的材料」，原文 P4 没有任何句子谈论材料的获取难易，凭空捏造。

• D)偷换概念：动词宾语被替换

  They are given to accommodate students' needs. 把 accommodate 的对象从原文 to accommodate such a large number of students 中的「大量学生（人数）」偷换成「学生的需求」，目的指向被改。

What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes? 中 one disadvantage 是单数，明示只问其中一个具体缺点，是定点取信息的细节题。

题干主干 What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes，say 后是省略 that 的宾语从句 (that) one disadvantage of online classes is what，what 提前到句首形成疑问，需注意「what 在从句里实为表语」这一点，否则容易把 say 误读成不及物。

• A)偷换概念 + 与原文相反

  They are frequently scheduled at irregular times. 说直播课「频繁地」被安排在不规律时间，原文 Live sessions are infrequent 恰恰说直播课很少，且原文谈的是「时间冲突」而非「时间不规律」。

• B)偷换概念：时间不便 ≠ 空间不可达

  They make professors' offices much less accessible. 把焦点放在「办公室更不可达」，但 The office hours of the professor may also be during inconvenient times 只说「办公时间不便」，没有说办公室不可达，accessible 与 convenient times 不是同义。

• C)无中生有：从一个事实派生未提及的后果

  They tend to increase professors' burden of responding to students' emails. 谈教授回邮件「负担加重」，原文 Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is often impersonal 只说邮件互动「冷冰冰」，并未提教授负担。

• D)✓ 正确
  • form relationships with their peers↔students to build relationships with each other
  • It can be harder for students to create study groups↔provide little chance

  预判核心是「学生 + 学生之间难建立关系」，They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other 在主体、动作、方向上全部命中。

What problem may arise if classes go online? 问「在网课条件下会出现什么问题」，问的是文中已写明的某一具体后果，不需要推论。

主干 What problem may arise，后接 if 条件状语从句 if classes go online，arise 为不及物动词「出现」，结构清晰；注意 go online 这个搭配指「转为线上」，不要望文生义译作「上网」。

• A)无中生有：把后果嫁接到主观行为

  More students may find it easy to be absent from them. 谈学生「更容易缺席」，原文从未谈学生主观逃课难易，凭空添加。

• B)张冠李戴：替换受影响主体

  Teachers will worry about poor internet connections. 把网络问题的担忧者换成 teachers，原文 P7 通篇是 students 受影响，无任何关于教师担忧的描述。

• C)✓ 正确
  • Not all students have access to these types of resources↔Some students may have difficulty attending them
  • some students can be put at a disadvantage↔may have difficulty

  预判核心「部分学生上不了网课」，选项 Some students may have difficulty attending them 主体、动作、可能性三要素与原文一一对位。

• D)张冠李戴：把人替换成机构

  Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage. 把 at a disadvantage 的主体换成 schools，但 some students can be put at a disadvantage 明确主语是 students。

What does the author think constitutes a key part of genuine education? 仍是问作者明示的具体内容，文末已直接点出，无需推断。

题干主干 What does the author think X constitutes Y，think 后为宾语从句，从句里 What 同时是 constitutes 的主语，constitutes = 构成；该结构需要把 What 还原到从句主语位才能读顺，是四级长难句的小考点。

• A)以偏概全：用常识替代作者主张

  Acquisition of useful knowledge. 把「真教育」化约为「获取有用知识」，但 P8 强调的是思维而非知识，且原文也未把「有用知识」列为真教育的关键。

• B)无中生有：用文章主题的相邻概念造干扰

  Training of real-life skills on campus. 强调「校园里」「真实生活技能」两个限定，但 P8 既未谈 real-life skills 也未谈 on campus，是利用「网课—线下」对立常识捏造的对立项。

• C)无中生有：搬用流行教育口号

  Development of students' personalities. 把真教育的关键说成「学生人格的发展」，原文 P8 通篇未涉及 personalities/character 之类的人格概念。

• D)✓ 正确
  • critical thinking↔analytical thinking ability

  预判核心是 critical thinking，四个选项里只有 Cultivation of analytical thinking ability. 直接对应 critical thinking 的同义改写，故锁定。