2026年6月英语四级第3套真题句子解析： Researchers found that people attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods experience some of the same physical and psychological symptoms—such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep—as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs, according to the study.

Researchers found that people attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods experience some of the same physical and psychological symptoms—such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep—as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs

主句为 "Researchers found ..."；其后由 "that" 引导宾语从句，核心为 "people ... experience ... symptoms"。宾语从句内部，"attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods" 后置修饰 "people"，其中又含有不定式 "to cut down" 以及动名词短语 "eating highly processed foods"；比较结构中的 "those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs" 又含有现在分词短语及其并列成分。因此形成“主句套 that 从句、从句套分词和非谓语”的多层混合嵌套。

people attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods experience some of the same physical and psychological symptoms

宾语从句的主语中心词是 "people"，其后较长的现在分词短语 "attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods" 将主语中心词与谓语 "experience" 隔开。识别主干时应先还原为 "people experience symptoms"，再把分词短语作为修饰语放回 "people" 后面。

attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods

"attempting" 是现在分词，位于名词 "people" 之后，构成分词短语并修饰限定 "people"，相当于定语从句 "who are attempting to cut down on eating highly processed foods"。它不是进行时谓语，因为句子的主句谓语是 "experience"。

to cut down on eating highly processed foods

"to cut down on eating highly processed foods" 是不定式短语，嵌在现在分词 "attempting" 后面，补充说明 "attempting" 的具体内容，即“试图减少食用高度加工食品”。这里的不定式不是独立作目的状语、定语或宾语，而是构成 "attempt to do" 搭配的一部分，因此归入“其他”。

some of the same physical and psychological symptoms—such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep—as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs

中心词 "symptoms" 后面先出现由破折号引出的举例成分 "such as mood swings, anxiety, headaches and poor sleep"，随后才出现比较结构 "as those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs"。这些后置成分共同补充说明或比较 "symptoms"，使中心词与完整的比较/修饰信息被拉开，增加了结构识别难度。

those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs

"quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs" 是现在分词短语，后置修饰代词 "those"，相当于 "those who are quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs"。其中 "quitting" 和 "using" 由 "or" 连接，共同说明这些人的身份；它们不是主句谓语。

according to the study

"according to the study" 是由逗号隔开的介词短语，补充说明信息来源，相当于“根据该研究”。去掉这一部分后，主干 "Researchers found that ..." 仍然完整，因此它是可移除的插入性附加成分。

cut down on eating highly processed foods

"cut down on" 是短语动词，表示“削减、减少某种消费、摄入或开支”。本句中其宾语是动名词短语 "eating highly processed foods"，意思是“减少食用高度加工食品”。

要整体识别 "cut down on"，不能把 "cut down" 理解为“砍倒”，也不能把 "on" 当作独立地点介词。判断方法是看 "on" 后面的成分是否表示被减少的对象，例如 "cut down on sugar"（减少糖的摄入）、"cut down on expenses"（削减开支）。

该短语可发生时态或非谓语变化，如 "cuts down on"、"cutting down on" 和 "cut down on"；其中介词 "on" 后可接名词、代词或动名词。

some of the same physical and psychological symptoms

"the same" 后接名词，表示“相同的、同样的”；本句中完整的比较框架是 "the same ... as"，其中 "same" 修饰 "physical and psychological symptoms"，"as" 后面引出比较对象 "those quitting smoking cigarettes or using drugs"。

这里的 "those" 代替前面提到的 "symptoms"，避免重复；因此可理解为“与戒烟或戒毒者所经历的症状相同的症状”。

阅读时应先抓住 "the same + 名词 + as"，再判断 "as" 后比较的是人、物还是情况。常见形式包括 "the same book as mine"（和我的书相同的书）以及 "the same problems as those faced by students"（和学生面临的问题相同的问题）。