英语四级真题中的插入语

About 5% of the women with the highest peak workload—those who were able to bike the hardest over those 6 minutes—developed dementia, compared to 25% of those with medium fitness and 45% who weren't fit enough to finish the test, the study found.

研究发现，在峰值工作负荷最高的女性中，也就是能在这6分钟内以最大强度骑车的女性，约有5%患上了痴呆症；相比之下，中等健康水平的女性中这一比例为25%，而身体状况差到无法完成测试的女性中，这一比例为45%。

We were going to my wife's big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an "exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights"—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule.

我们原本打算去新西兰奥克兰参加我妻子家族的大型聚会，但得知就在海岸外不远处的大堡礁岛最近获评为“暗夜星空保护区”——这类地方通常地处偏远，拥有“非凡或独具特色的星空夜色”——我们觉得，在忙碌的行程开始前，那里会是放松身心的完美去处。

Twelve years into his career, Mark Long, a radiotherapy physicist with the NHS in Surrey, doesn't get as much gaming time as he used to.

在他职业生涯的第十二年，马克·朗，萨里郡英国国家医疗服务体系的一名放射治疗物理学家，没有像以前那样有那么多的游戏时间。

Harris, who became headteacher this year, said he notified parents of the updated rules in an email in June.

哈里斯今年成为校长，他表示已于六月通过电子邮件将更新后的规则通知了家长。

Catherine Ritman Smith, head of learning at the Design Museum, is expecting around 10,000 participants aged 13 to 16 to take part this year and says that the project—funded by Deutsche Bank as part of its youth engagement programme Born To Be—is the biggest event in the museum's calendar.

凯瑟琳·里特曼·史密斯，设计博物馆学习部主管，预计今年约有10000名13至16岁的参与者参加，并表示该项目——由德意志银行作为其“天生不凡”青年参与计划的一部分资助——是博物馆日程表上最大的活动。

In an analysis of 155 studies, John Sievenpiper, associate professor at the University of Toronto's Department of Nutritional Sciences, set out to understand if the associations between sugary soft drinks and health—including risk of diabetes and heart disease—were applicable to the food and drink we generally consume as part of a healthy diet.

在一项对155项研究的分析中，多伦多大学营养科学系副教授约翰·西文派珀着手了解含糖软饮料与健康之间的关联——包括糖尿病和心脏病的风险——是否适用于我们通常作为健康饮食一部分消费的食物和饮料。

Brad Harrington, executive director of the center and lead author of the study, estimates only 20% to 30% of companies in the US offer paid parental leave.

该中心执行董事兼该研究主要作者布拉德·哈灵顿估计，美国只有20%到30%的公司提供带薪育儿假。

Sometimes it's because I actually am busy, but other times it's because that's what I think I'm supposed to say.

有时候是因为我确实很忙，但其他时候是因为那是我认为我应该说的话。

We found that only the concept of "negative reciprocity"—in which an employee who feels unfairly treated engages in negative behaviors, such as spending their company's money less carefully—explains these differences.

我们发现，只有“负互惠”这一概念——即感到受到不公平对待的员工会做出负面行为，例如不那么谨慎地花费公司的资金——才能解释这些差异。

Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed—or cursed—with higher-than-average ambition.

我们创业界的大多数人都有幸——或者说不幸——拥有高于平均水平的抱负。

For example, pound for pound, beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp, a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia.

例如，按重量计算，牛肉的饲养所需饲料是鲤鱼的15倍，鲤鱼是一种在亚洲各地养殖的淡水鱼。

Semba, her mother, is a 30-year-old African elephant.

森巴，她的母亲，是一头30岁的非洲象。

Recent research has found that one trait in particular—humility(谦逊)—is an important indicator of successful relationships.

最近的研究发现，一种特别的特质——谦逊——是成功人际关系的重要指标。

The waiter, who's working his way through school, did accept the customer's apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.

那位靠打工读完学业的服务员确实接受了顾客的道歉和感谢，并表示他很高兴帮助了她。

The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26.5 percent in 1990), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard and Berkeley economists say, is a good predictor of mobility.

这座城市长期以来有大量的外国出生人口（1990年为26.5%），导致更广泛的多样性，哈佛和伯克利的经济学家说，这是流动性的一个良好预测因素。

Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming.

关于钱包的外观和手感的一切——扣件和材料随着时间推移而磨损、松动的方式，塑料、纸张、金和银，以及手写的电话号码和印刷的电影票——正是我们世界正在变成的样子的反面。

Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material.

罗伯特·斯蒂克戈尔德，哈佛大学的研究人员之一，认为在睡前学习或在下午学习后小睡一会儿可能会增加梦到该材料的几率。

Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, once said, "I've not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work."

托马斯·爱迪生，著名的发明家，曾经说过：“我没有失败。我只是找到了一万种行不通的方法。”

A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal.

曼彻斯特大学的一项研究计算了二氧化碳——造成气候变化的主要温室气体——在微波炉从制造到废物处理的每个阶段的排放量。

In contrast, California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more restrictive rules that would require human drivers to be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.

相比之下，加利福尼亚州，硅谷的所在地，最近提出了限制性强得多的规则，这些规则将要求人类司机准备好接管方向盘，并禁止自动驾驶技术的商业使用。

Indoor pollution, which includes sources like home heating and cooking, has remained constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area.

室内污染，包括家庭取暖和烹饪等来源，在过去几十年中保持不变，尽管该领域有所进步。

Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up.

很多人不知道如何做饭，Rea说，而且他们只知道如何加热东西。

"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly(垄断), a new way to lock students around this system," said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News.

“当我们谈论访问码时，我们将其视为教材垄断的新面孔，一种将学生锁定在这个系统中的新方式，”美国公共利益研究小组的高等教育倡导者Ethan Senack对BuzzFeed新闻表示。

Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy."

解释数据所揭示的内容时，他说：“你所看到的是，即使在三年后，心理健康仍然更好，这与我们认为会让我们快乐的许多其他事情不同。”

On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning.

一方面是像凯瑟琳·福利这样的白人家长，她是女儿所在中学的家长-教师-学生协会前主席，她开始认为该学区日益紧张的氛围与学习相悖。

Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation(沉思) and yoga.

赫伯特·本森博士，一位身心医学的先驱和《放松反应》的作者，说针线活的重复动作能诱发一种与沉思和瑜伽相关的放松状态。

Chris Koch, who teaches "History of Broadcast Journalism" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details.

克里斯·科赫在马里兰州罗克维尔的蒙哥马利社区学院教授《广播新闻史》，他指出报道是关于调查而非对微小细节的记忆。

For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member.

例如，多伦多的生活教练Karen Hayes开展编织治疗项目，包括帮助吸烟者戒烟的“编织戒烟”项目和帮助应对健康危机（如癌症诊断或家庭成员患重病）的人的“编织疗愈”项目。

"When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it," Ferreira says.

“当你能引用一个具体数字，比如五分之一的患者能够戒烟时，那就很有说服力了。我认为，这给了他们真正去尝试的鼓励，”费雷拉说。

In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality.

例如，在一项关于辅助生活的多州研究中，北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员发现，许多变量——设施的类型、规模或年龄；是否为连锁所有；社区的吸引力如何——与居民在疾病、智力衰退、住院治疗或死亡率方面的表现没有显著关系。

The three environmental trends-the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures-are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand.

这三种环境趋势——淡水短缺、表土流失和气温上升——正使快速扩大世界粮食供应以跟上需求变得越来越困难。

"This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer," Soupios says.

“这是赫西俄德，当然，一位更年轻的同代诗人，我们认为，与荷马同时代，”苏皮奥斯说。

Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming.

关于钱包外观和手感的一切——搭扣和材料随着时间推移磨损、变松的方式，塑料、纸张、金银，以及手写的电话号码和打印的电影票——正是我们世界正在变成的样子的反面。

Caffeine, a substance found in coffee and some soft drinks, is also a drug.

咖啡因，一种存在于咖啡和一些软饮料中的物质，也是一种药物。

Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.

他们认为，聪明的公司会尝试将更多基于任务的规划融入到他们的战略中。

Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon, a member of the town council.

莎士比亚的父亲是埃文河畔斯特拉特福一位受人尊敬的人，是镇议会的一名成员。

Benjamin Franklin, a famous American diplomat, writer and scientist, died in 1790, but his proverb "Time is money" is taken more seriously by Americans of today than ever before.

本杰明·富兰克林，一位著名的美国外交官、作家和科学家，于1790年去世，但他的谚语“时间就是金钱”被当今的美国人比以往任何时候都更加认真地对待。

Formal education matters, career counselors say, but real-life experience is often even more valuable.

职业顾问说，正规教育很重要，但现实生活经验往往更有价值。

Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-producing connections by linking concepts from different disciplines.

他补充道，联想是通过连接不同学科的概念来产生思想连接的能力。

Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation's best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.

此外，他指出，这项技术的批评者往往来自国家最好的大学，在那里教学水平比大多数学校要好得多。

"It's odd but when the light readings were done," said Hilde, explaining how the island was awarded its special status, "they found there was more light pollution on the northern side coming from Fiji, which is about 3,000km away, than Auckland to the south.

“这很奇怪，但在进行光照测量时，”希尔德解释该岛如何获得这一特殊地位时说道，“他们发现，北侧来自斐济的光污染，竟然比南侧来自奥克兰的还要严重，而斐济距离这里大约有 3000 公里。”

They bring their Dobsonian telescope and beanbags (it's hard work staring up wide-eyed in wonder without neck support) and, our elder daughter was glad to hear, hot chocolate to wherever you are on the island.

他们会把多布森望远镜和懒人沙发带到岛上的任何地方（没有颈部支撑，仰着头睁大眼睛惊叹地凝视星空可是很辛苦的事）；而且，听到还有热巧克力，我们的大女儿很是高兴。

Great Barrier Island has no public facilities and the 950 people living there (though only about half permanently) rely on solar and wind energy, and bottled gas for cooking.

大屏障岛没有公共设施，岛上居住的950人（不过其中只有约一半常住）依靠太阳能和风能供电，并使用瓶装燃气做饭。

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Neurology, couldn't prove that exercise prevented dementia, and the findings aren't a surprise—it's long been known there's a correlation between exercise and decreased dementia risk—but the results were particularly dramatic.

这项研究于周三发表在《神经病学》杂志上。研究无法证明运动能够预防痴呆症，这一发现也并不令人意外——人们早已知道运动与痴呆症风险降低之间存在相关性——但研究结果的差异幅度尤其显著。

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle in mid-life, decades before disease sets in, makes sense, said David Knopman, a fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, who was not involved in the study.

美国神经病学学会会员、未参与该项研究的戴维·诺普曼说，在疾病发生前几十年，也就是中年时期保持健康的生活方式，是明智之举。

Highly processed foods—the kinds made with lots of sugar, fat and salt—make up as much as 60% of the average American diet.

高度加工的食品——即那些用大量糖、脂肪和盐制成的食品——占普通美国人饮食的比例高达60%。

And the same activities that help prevent Alzheimer's—including avoiding smoking, getting adequate exercise and sleep and eating a healthy diet—also prevent heart disease, he said, making them even more worthwhile.

他说，同样的生活方式也有助于预防阿尔茨海默病，包括戒烟、保证充足的运动和睡眠以及健康饮食；这些措施还能预防心脏病，因此更加值得践行。

A substantial part of this, they report, is "widespread ageism" on the part of hiring managers.

他们报告称，这其中的很大一部分是招聘经理方面的“普遍年龄歧视”。

But "the research hasn't really changed minds, at least not yet," says one of the authors of the study, Dr Matthew Barr.

但是“这项研究并没有真正改变人们的想法，至少现在还没有，”该研究的作者之一马修·巴尔博士说。

It might help to remember that many of the choices you make, such as what to have for lunch, will not matter much in the future and that, even more important choices, like accepting a new job, can ultimately be changed.

记住你所做的许多选择，例如午餐吃什么，在未来不会有太大关系；而且，即使是更重要的选择，例如接受一份新工作，最终也可以改变——这可能会有所帮助。