2015年12月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What kind of unusual weather did Moscow experience this winter?

地名Moscow直接领出答案句。定位信号是地名：录音一说 Meanwhile in Moscow，就知道讲莫斯科的内容开始了，紧跟其后的 An abnormally warm winter has brought flowers into bloom 正面给出莫斯科是暖冬。听新闻时听到题干里的关键词（这里是 Moscow），它后面一两句就是答案句。

• An abnormally warm winter↔The unusual warm winter.abnormally=unusual同义替换
• snow completely disappeared from the city's streets↔The unusual warm winter.雪消失印证是暖冬

• A)张冠李戴An abnormal winter snow storm. 盗用了录音开头讲美国华盛顿州的 more than 63 centimeters of snow fell in just two days 和 The first big storm of the winter。暴雪确实有，但发生在美国，不是题干问的 Moscow，属于把别处的天气安到莫斯科头上。

  借用原文：The first big storm of the winter blanketed the Lake Tahoe area of Nevada with snow

• B)原词陷阱The first warm front from Europe. 借了录音里 warm air moved into the European part of Russia 中的 European/warm 等词凑出'来自欧洲的暖锋'。但录音说的是暖空气进入俄罗斯的欧洲部分，并没有说'来自欧洲的第一道暖锋'，是把原词重新拼接出的假说法。

  借用原文：as warm air moved into the European part of Russia

• C)张冠李戴The frequent choking smog. 对应录音 hazardous smoke choked Beijing on Friday，雾霾说的是北京，不是莫斯科；而且录音说的是 on Friday 这一次，并没有 frequent（频繁）之意，既张冠李戴又夸大了频次。

  借用原文：hazardous smoke choked Beijing on Friday

When will Beijing's air pollution index begin to decrease?

ease+时间状语给出落点。信号是表示'减弱'的动词配时间状语：录音说 the pollution should ease from Saturday afternoon，ease（缓解）正对应题干的 decrease（下降），紧跟的 from Saturday afternoon 就是要找的时间。问 when 的题，就盯住事件后面那个时间状语。

• from Saturday afternoon↔From Saturday afternoon.时间原样对应
• the pollution should ease↔From Saturday afternoon.ease=decrease同义

• B)原词陷阱From this Friday. 盗用了录音 hazardous smoke choked Beijing on Friday 里的 Friday。但周五是雾霾'袭来'的时间，不是污染'开始缓解'的时间，听到 Friday 就选，正好把发生时间错当成缓解时间。

  借用原文：hazardous smoke choked Beijing on Friday

• C)原词陷阱In the next spring. 与录音 Several types of plants that usually wake up in the spring 中的 spring 撞词。但那句讲的是莫斯科本该春天才苏醒的植物提前开花，和北京污染缓解毫无关系，属于借另一座城市的原词设套。

  借用原文：Several types of plants that usually wake up in the spring have already bloomed

• D)原词陷阱During the Christmas holiday. 与录音 caused travel chaos for Christmas travelers 里的 Christmas 撞词。圣诞只是整则新闻的时间背景（讲圣诞出行受阻），并不是北京污染开始下降的时间，听到节日词就选会被背景信息带偏。

  借用原文：had caused travel chaos for Christmas travelers

What is the news report mainly about?

开头点题句 + Now 引出新主角。新闻在交代完背景（很多人没网）后，用 Now, a new project provides a resource for off-line viewing at no cost. 这个 Now 引出真正要讲的主角——"一个免费离线资源的新项目"。新闻的点题句通常就在开头交代完背景之后这一两句，这里正是。

• a new project provides a resource for off-line viewing at no cost↔The project of free digital off-line resources in Nigeria.at no cost 换成 free、resource 换成 resources

• B)原词陷阱录音里 Math and Science video lessons for high school students 只是 eGranary 众多资源中举的一个例子，B 盗用 video lessons 这个原词，把一个小例子放大成整则新闻的主题，犯了以偏概全。

  借用原文：Math and Science video lessons for high school students

• C)原词陷阱Ahmadu Bello University is the largest university in Nigeria 是新闻结尾举的一个使用该资源的例子，C 盗用 digital library 与这所大学名，把"一个使用案例"误当成新闻主题；况且数字图书馆 eGranary 不归这所大学所有，只是被它使用。

  借用原文：Ahmadu Bello University uses eGranary's digital educational resources

• D)张冠李戴录音确实提到 A non-profit organization called the WiderNet Project，但它是开发这个项目的机构、是讲述的工具，不是新闻要谈的中心；且原文只有一个非营利组织，D 用复数 non-profit organizations 并把它和那所大学硬凑，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：A non-profit organization called the WiderNet Project has developed the offline eGranary Digital Library

What kind of resources are updated daily at eGranary?

限定词 every day 紧贴的那类资源。题干的 daily 对应原文 eGranary updates every day，而 every day 这个限定语紧紧挂在 informative websites 上——是"网站"被每天更新，不是别的资源。限定词贴着谁，答案就是谁。

• informative websites that eGranary updates every day↔Informative websites几乎原词对应，靠限定语锁定

• A)原词陷阱录音前文确有 multimedia work，A 盗用这个原词制造"听到就想选"的诱惑；但 multimedia work 出现在讲存了哪些资源的句子里，没有"每天更新"的限定，不符合题干条件。

  借用原文：millions of digital documents, multimedia work and websites

• B)原词陷阱digital documents 在录音里被念到（讲服务器上存了什么），B 直接搬这个原词；但它同样没有"每天更新"的限定，是描述"存了哪些"而非"每天更新哪类"，答非所问。

  借用原文：millions of digital documents

• D)原词陷阱computer software 出现在结尾"其他资源还包括……"的清单中，D 盗用该原词；但那份清单讲的是"还有哪些资源"，与"每天更新"无关，条件不符。

  借用原文：Other resources on the service include university and medical publications computer software, and educational games

What happened to Google's self-driving car?

事件主干句。这句 the car changed traffic lanes and moved into the path of a bus 是新闻交代事故经过的主干句，紧跟在新闻开头“出了事故”之后，按新闻顺听的次序，第一道题的答案就落在这里——它点明撞击对象是 bus。

• moved into the path of a bus↔hit a driving bus in the road驶入公交路线即撞上行驶的公交

• A)答非所问It hit another car. 把撞击对象说成 another car（另一辆车），但录音明说撞的是 the bus，公交不是泛指的 car，撞击对象答错。
• B)未提及It was overspeed. 说车超速，但录音里这辆 Google 车 was moving at around 3 kilometers per hour，时速才 3 公里，根本谈不上超速，录音从没说它超速。
• D)张冠李戴It hit a Lexus SUV. 盗用了录音原词 The driverless car was a Lexus SUV，但 Lexus SUV 说的是“这辆 Google 车本身就是雷克萨斯 SUV”，不是它撞的对象，把“它是什么车”偷换成了“它撞了什么车”。

  借用原文：The driverless car was a Lexus SUV

How fast was the bus when the accident happened?

数字配对象的精确句。这句 The speed of the bus was 24 kilometers per hour 直接把数字和对象 bus 绑在一起，是数字题的答案句；它紧跟在前一句讲 Google 车速度 3 km/h 之后，录音故意连给两个速度，必须靠 the bus 这个对象词锁定 24。

• The speed of the bus was 24 kilometers per hour↔24 kilometers per hour.数字原值直接对应

• A)张冠李戴3 kilometers per hour. 盗用了录音真出现的数字 the Google car was moving at around 3 kilometers per hour，但 3 km/h 是 Google 车的速度，不是题目问的 bus 的速度，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：the Google car was moving at around 3 kilometers per hour

• B)未提及6 kilometers per hour. 这个数字录音里压根没念过，是凭空设的干扰值，用来引诱没听清数字、想随手蒙一个的考生。
• D)偷换概念180 kilometers per hour. 这个偏大的数字录音并未作为速度出现，录音里近似的大数是 1.8 million miles（180 万英里行驶里程），选项把“里程”的数字感偷换成“时速 180”，且 180 km/h 与 3、24 这种低速场景明显不符。

  借用原文：1.8 million miles of autonomous and manual driving combined

What is inevitable to self-driving cars according to Google's report?

inevitably 引出的报告原话。这句出自 Google said 引用的报告原文，里面 We'll inevitably be involved in accidents 的 inevitably 正对题干 inevitable，是“不可避免”的直接信号；引述句 + inevitably 双重信号锁定答案句。

• We'll inevitably be involved in accidents↔Accidents in the road.难免卷入事故即事故难免

• A)原词陷阱Realities of speed and distance. 逐字盗用录音 the realities of speed and distance，但这处原文搭的是 impossible to overcome（无法克服），说的是“难以克服的”，不是题干问的“inevitable（不可避免的）”；这两个词在同句不同分句里，选项偷换了对应关系。

  借用原文：it's impossible to overcome the realities of speed and distance

• C)答非所问Wheel and fender damage. 盗用录音 The left front wheel and fender of the Google car were damaged，但车轮和挡泥板损坏只是这一次事故的具体后果，报告说的“不可避免”指的是 accidents，不是某个损坏部位。

  借用原文：The left front wheel and fender of the Google car were damaged

• D)原词陷阱Driving buses in the road. 借用了录音里的 bus 话题（moved into the path of a bus），但这是描述事故怎么发生的经过，且 driving buses 表意含糊，不是报告所说“不可避免的”那个东西。

  借用原文：moved into the path of a bus

How did the woman get to know about the man's company?

被问者的直接应答里交代缘由。前一段男方问她以前来过没有，女方答 you've managed to get jobs for some of my friends, so I thought perhaps——她用『你们帮过我朋友』来解释自己为何找上门，这正是得知途径的落点；对话题的答案就藏在被问者应答里。

• get jobs for some of my friends↔From some of her friends.『帮我朋友找过工作』= 从朋友处得知

• B)未提及wanted column（招聘广告栏）在对话里从未出现，女方明确说的是经朋友介绍而非看广告，属凭常识（找工作=看招聘栏）硬套，原文无据。
• C)未提及telephone directory（电话簿）录音里没有任何对应，女方说的是朋友介绍；C 只是把另一种常见查找渠道塞进来凑数。
• D)未提及D 与 C 字面相同（电话簿），录音同样从未提及电话簿；两项重复且都无原文支撑，自然都不是答案。

What formal education did the woman receive?

一问一答 + 否定划界。男方先问她念的哪所学校，她答 I went to a secondary school；随后被问是否上过大学时，她以 No, I left full-time education when I was 18 否定大学经历。一句『读了中学』加一句『没上大学』，把正规教育的上限钉死在中学。

• I went to a secondary school in South town↔She finished her secondary school.『念过中学』=『读完中学』

• B)与原文相反B 说她上过职业学院，但女方对 have you been to college 的回答是 No，直接否认任何大学经历，与原文相反。

  借用原文：No, I left full-time education when I was 18

• C)未提及open university（开放大学）录音从未提及，女方已否认上过任何 college，C 凭空拔高她的学历。
• D)原词陷阱D 含 full-time education，录音确实念到 I left full-time education when I was 18，但原文只说她结束了全日制教育，绝无 abroad（海外）；D 借这串原词诱你『听到就选』，却塞进根本没说的『海外』。

  借用原文：I left full-time education when I was 18

What do we learn about the woman's occupation?

现在时间锚 I've got a job 标出现职。男方问 where are you working at the moment（你现在在哪儿上班），女方答 I've got a job as a shorthand-typist——『at the moment』+『I've got a job as』是明确的现在时间锚，紧跟的职业就是现职。

• I've got a job as a shorthand-typist↔She is a shorthand-typist.『有份速记打字员的工作』=『她是速记打字员』

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 evening classes，但出现在 I gained a shorthand and typing diploma at evening classes——她是在夜校『学习考证』，不是『教夜校』；A 借 evening class 原词把『去上夜校』偷换成『教夜校』。

  借用原文：I gained a shorthand and typing diploma at evening classes

• B)未提及tour guide（导游）整段对话没有出现，她想去的是 travel agency（旅行社）而非当导游；B 把『旅行社』顺手联想成『导游』，属臆测。
• C)原词陷阱录音里 policewoman 出现在 I thought I'd like to be a policewoman but they turned me down——她想当警察却被拒，根本没当上，C 盗用 policewoman 原词把『没做成的事』说成『现在的职业』。

  借用原文：I thought I'd like to be a policewoman but they turned me down

What sort of job would the woman like to take now?

愿望信号 I'd like to + now 直接应答。男方用 What would you like to do now 把焦点拉到『现在想做什么』，女方紧接 I think I'd like to work in a travel agency——I'd like to 是明确的愿望信号，又落在 now 之后，正是当下意向的答案句。

• I'd like to work in a travel agency↔A job in a travel agency.『想去旅行社工作』=『旅行社的一份工作』

• B)未提及government（政府）整段对话没有出现，她说的当下意向是 travel agency；B 凭空补一个常见的『体面方向』诱选，原文无据。
• C)原词陷阱policewoman 出现在 I thought I'd like to be a policewoman but they turned me down——那是『过去想做且已被拒』，不是 now 想做的；C 借 policewoman 原词把过去愿望冒充当下意向。

  借用原文：I thought I'd like to be a policewoman but they turned me down

• D)未提及teacher / teaching 作为职业意向录音从未出现，她想去的是旅行社；D 把第 10 题里的 evening class 误联想成『当老师』，属臆测。

What does the man say about his involvement with pubs?

被问者的直接应答。女方刚问完"当了多久酒馆老板"，男方紧接着的这句应答就是答案句。注意他说了两个数字：four years 是"当这家老板"的时长，off and on for ten years 才是"和酒馆打交道（involvement）"的总时长——题目问的正是后者。

• off and on for ten years↔off and on for ten years原句几乎照搬

• A)原词陷阱A 偷了男方第一句的 four years 来骗"听到四年就选"，但四年是他当"这家"老板的时长，不是渊源总长；而且原文从没说这四年被"中断（interrupted）"过，是凭空加的。

  借用原文：four years

• C)未提及C 说酒馆"扩大他的客户网络"，但全段男方只讲了时间和酒馆类型，从没提 customer network 这回事，属凭空捏造。
• D)过度推断D 说这行"给他提供职业机会"，男方虽提到做过 hotel work、restaurant pub，但那是在描述他干过哪些类型，并未把这说成"职业机会"，属过度引申。

  借用原文：I've sort of done hotel work

What characterizes the old fashion pub according to the man?

对所提事物的直接定义。男方一说出 a good old-fashioned pub，紧跟着用 That is… 给它下定义：a public bar with all the social games going with it。"That is"后面就是对老式酒馆特征的直接说明，这句即答案句。

• all the social games going with it↔Social games.原话提取关键词

• A)未提及A"传统装潢（Traditional setting）"听起来很配"老式酒馆"，但男方定义里只说了 social games，从没描述店里的陈设布置，是顺着"老式"二字脑补出来的。
• B)未提及B"个性化服务"是个抽象卖点，男方全程没提任何关于 service 的内容，纯属无中生有的高级概括。
• D)原词陷阱D"自酿啤酒（Home-made beer）"利用了 beer 是全篇高频词来诱选，但男方讲老式酒馆特征时只字未提 beer，更没说"自酿"；beer 是别处（14 题语境）才出现的话题词。

  借用原文：selling the right beer

What does the man say is most important in making a good pub?

强调短语 most of all。男方先并列了"合适顾客、卖对啤酒"几项，随后用 most of all（最要紧的是）这个强调短语领出 keeping a good attitude yourself。most of all 之后的那一项才是"最重要"，前面都是铺垫干扰。

• keeping a good attitude yourself↔The owner's attitude.动词短语概括成名词

• A)原词陷阱A"啤酒质量"对应原文 selling the right beer, keeping it good，男方确实说了，但这只是 most of all 之前的并列铺垫项，不是"最重要"那个——它盗用了真出现过的 beer 来骗"听到就选"。

  借用原文：selling the right beer, keeping it good

• C)未提及C"氛围（The atmosphere）"是开酒馆的常识要素，但男方列举的几项里压根没提 atmosphere，是凭常识脑补的。
• D)未提及D"好位置（The right location）"同样是"开店要选址"的常识答案，男方从头到尾没提 location，纯属凭经验填的。

What does the woman think of running a country pub?

转折 But 后才是真意。女方先转述"大家都觉得这是美差"，随即用 But it seems to me that it's actually very hard work 转折——But+it seems to me 引出的才是她自己的真实看法。转折前的"nice job"是别人的看法、是干扰，转折后才是她的态度。

• it's actually very hard work↔It is a rather tough job.hard work=tough job

• A)原词陷阱A"让退休者觉得有用"借了女方提到的 retire 一词来诱选，但她说的是"很多人想退休后开酒馆"，从没说这能"让退休者觉得有用"，是凭 retire 二字脑补的正面评价。

  借用原文：retire

• B)未提及B"帮老人打发时间（kill time）"录音完全没出现，属凭空捏造，且与女方"很辛苦"的态度方向相反。
• C)与原文相反C"赚钱的生意"接近"大家都说是美差"那层意思，但那是女方转述的"别人的看法"，被 But 转折掉了，不是她本人的态度；况且她也没提"赚钱"。

  借用原文：a lot of people seem to think that is a nice job

What does the speaker say about drug abuse?

定义句 is the use of。这句用 Drug abuse is the use of a drug 这种“X is …”的下定义句式正面界定 drug abuse，是典型的定义信号；篇章独白里给主题词下定义的那一句，往往就是出题点。

• hurts a person or someone close to him↔hurts a person and those around them近义改写 close to him=around them

• A)未提及A 说 It helps the user to escape reality.，但定义句只讲滥用会“伤害本人及亲近者”，全篇没有“帮人逃避现实”的表述，属于无中生有。
• B)答非所问B 说 It is becoming increasingly popular.，但定义句只界定 drug abuse 是什么、会伤害谁，没有说它越来越流行；这是答非所问——录音根本没在谈流行程度。
• D)过度推断D 说 It gives rise to serious social instability.，而定义句的伤害对象只到 a person or someone close to him（个人及亲近者）这一层，D 擅自拔高到“严重社会动荡”，属于过度推断。

What does the speaker say about recreational drug users?

专名后紧跟的描述句。录音点出 Recreational users take drugs to get high，专有名称 Recreational users 一出现，它后面 take drugs to get high 就是对这类人的直接界定，这种“专名 + 紧跟描述”就是定位信号。

• take drugs to get high↔take drugs to get high本题罕见地原词对应

• B)偷换概念B 说 They use drugs just for fun.，听着像“娱乐型=为了玩”很顺，但录音说的是 to get high（求快感）并“to get into the mood”融入气氛，不是 just for fun（只为好玩）；just 这个限定词也把范围缩窄了，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：take drugs to get high

• C)未提及C 说 They use drugs as medicine.，但讲 recreational users 的句子只说求快感、融入气氛，没有“当药用”；全篇也没有哪类人是把毒品当药的表述，属未提及。
• D)张冠李戴D 说 They keep drug use a secret.，录音第三段确有 In the early stages, drug use is often hard to see（早期难被察觉），但那是讲“一般情况下吸毒难发现”，并非说 recreational users 刻意保密；把别处的话安到这类人头上，是张冠李戴。

  借用原文：In the early stages, drug use is often hard to see

What does the speaker say about drug dependence?

强调句 so…that 与 too late。这里用 so much that they can't do without them（如此以致离不开）这种 so…that 强调结构，又收以 it's too late and the person is hooked，强烈语气标出“依赖=戒不掉”，是典型的答案信号。

• can't do without them↔hard to get rid of离不开=难摆脱

• A)过度推断A 说 It is fatal to the user.（致命），但录音只讲依赖让人“离不开”、“上瘾”，并没说会致命；fatal 是把“难戒”拔成“要命”的过度推断。
• C)答非所问C 说 It is the cause of various social problems.，但本题问的是 dependence（依赖）的特点，录音对依赖只讲“戒不掉”，没说它引发各种社会问题；C 答的不是本题问的点，属答非所问。
• D)未提及D 说 It is quite common in entertainment circles.，录音通篇没提娱乐圈，这是靠“明星吸毒”的生活常识脑补出来的，属未提及。

What did Charles Harper think of while he was in hospital?

情境词 in the hospital 后紧跟的 imagined 句。听到与题干同样的场景词 As he lay in the hospital recovering 时立即提高警觉，紧跟其后的动词 Harper imagined the line of healthy frozen foods 就是“他想到了什么”的直接交代，这是答案句信号。

• imagined the line of healthy frozen foods—the tasty good↔Producing tasty healthy frozen food“设想出这一产品线”=“生产健康美味冷冻食品”

• A)原词陷阱Taking up exercises after recovery. 借了原文 recovering（康复）这个原词，让人误以为答案与康复有关，但原文只说他在康复时“设想做食品”，从未提到 exercises 锻炼，是听到 recovering 就误选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：As he lay in the hospital recovering

• B)偷换概念Finding new ways to cure heart disease. 蹭了原文提到的 heart attack 心脏话题，但哈珀在医院想到的是做健康食品，不是寻找治心脏病的新方法，属偷换概念。

  借用原文：began with his own heart attack

• C)原词陷阱Going on a diet upon leaving the hospital. 借了原文 hospital 场景，但原文说他想到的是做食品、且后文还强调不当作 diet food 来定位，节食(diet)是原文反向回避的概念，本项与原文相反、属原词陷阱叠加。

  借用原文：As he lay in the hospital recovering

What does the passage say about the "Healthy Choice" product line before it went to market?

时间词 before being introduced 锁定上市前动作。听到 before being introduced to the general public（向公众推出之前）这个与题干同义的时间标志，其前的动词 carefully tested with consumers 就是“上市前做了什么”的答案，时间状语即定位信号。

• was carefully tested with consumers↔It was carefully tested with consumers原文与选项几乎同形，核心词完全对应

• B)未提及It was disapproved by many diet experts. 蹭了原文后文 rather than as a diet or health food 里的 diet 一词制造“被节食专家反对”的联想，但原文从未说有专家反对这条产品线，属未提及。
• C)未提及It was promoted by health organizations. 借了原文 healthy/health 的健康调性，但原文讲的是 ConAgra 自己做测试和定位，从未提卫生机构来推广它，属未提及。
• D)与原文相反It was highly expected by the general public. 盗用原文 to the general public 这个原词，但原文明说 We benefited from low expectations——公众预期是低的、产品比大家想的好，本项说“被高度期待”恰与原文相反。

  借用原文：We benefited from low expectations

What is said to contribute to ConAgra's business success?

明示因果 benefited from 点出受益来源。听到 We benefited from low expectations 中的 benefited from（得益于）这一明示受益/原因的信号词，紧跟其后的 low expectations 就是被原文点名的成功因素，是答案句信号。

• We benefited from low expectations↔Low expectations.“得益于低预期”=“低预期(是促成因素)”

• A)未提及Competitive price. 听上去最像商业成功的常见原因，但通篇没有任何关于价格高低或竞争力的表述，是凭常识脑补的未提及项。
• B)未提及Vigorous promotion. 也是符合直觉的成功原因，但原文讲的是测试、定位与命名包装，并未说靠 vigorous promotion 大力推广取胜，属未提及。
• D)未提及Unique ingredients. 蹭了原文 suggested freshness and richness in vitamins 的健康用料调性制造“独特配料”联想，但原文说的是包装颜色暗示了新鲜与维生素，并未说配料独特、更没说它促成成功，属未提及。

What does the speaker say about the name "Healthy Choice"?

对象词 The name 后紧跟的“被选用原因”句。听到与题干同样的对象词 The name "Healthy Choice" was chosen 时锁定该句，was chosen for 后给出的 positive implication it held for consumers 就是关于这个名称的直接说明，是答案信号。

• chosen for the positive implication it held for consumers↔It has a positive implication for consumers“因对消费者有正面寓意而被选”=“它对消费者有正面寓意”

• B)原词陷阱It tricks the elders into impulse purchasing. 盗用原文 an impulse purchase 这个原词，但原文只说产品是冲动型购买、所以要在冰柜里显眼，从未说用名称去“欺骗老人(elders)”，elders 与 tricks 均属原文未提，是原词陷阱。

  借用原文：the product would be an impulse purchase

• C)张冠李戴It matches the food's dark green packaging. 盗用原文 dark green packaging 原词，但原文说的是“包装颜色暗示新鲜与维生素”，并未说“名称与深绿包装相配”，本项把对包装的描述张冠李戴成对名称的说法。

  借用原文：the dark green packaging that not only differed from the competitors but also suggested freshness

• D)张冠李戴It was suggested by the firm's vice-president. 盗用原文 the firm's vice-president 原词，但原文里副总是讲“得益于低预期”的人，名称是因正面寓意而选，并非由副总建议取的，属张冠李戴。

  借用原文：According to the firm's vice-president of marketing and sales

What does the speaker say about the death penalty in the United States?

开篇正面陈述现状的句子。这段是篇章独白，开篇第一句往往直接铺陈背景事实。36 states currently allow capital punishment 用一个具体数字正面交代了死刑在美国的施行范围，正是对「死刑现状」最直接的陈述，故锁定为答案句。

• 36 states currently allow capital punishment↔It is practiced in most of the states.36 个州=多数州，具体数字概括成范围

• A)未提及It will be abolished sooner or later. 说死刑迟早被废，但录音通篇只说现状(36 州允许、30 州准许对未成年人执行)，从未预测它会被废除，属凭空添加。
• C)未提及It has to be approved by the Supreme Court. 抬出 Supreme Court 制造权威感，但录音明说 each state makes its own decision——是各州自己决定，根本没说要最高法院批准，盗用了一个录音从未念到的机构名来骗「听着正规就选」。

  借用原文：each state makes its own decision

• D)偷换概念It has drawn a lot of criticism from overseas. 说死刑招致海外批评，录音只在 In most other countries of the world, there is no capital punishment for minors 提到别国「没有对未成年人的死刑」，那是陈述别国做法，并非说别国在批评美国，选项把「别国情况」偷换成了「海外批评」。

  借用原文：In most other countries of the world, there is no capital punishment for minors

What is the focus of the debate around the death penalty?

显式抛出问题的自问句。录音用 there is a serious question 明确预告焦点，紧接着的问句 Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals? 就是争论的焦点本身。这种「先报有个问题、再把问题念出来」的自问结构，是篇章独白点题的典型信号，故锁定此句。

• Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals?↔Whether there should be a minimum age limit for execution.直接问句改写成 whether 间接句，几乎原义保留

• A)未提及What effect it might have on youngsters. 听着和「未成年人」沾边，但录音问的是「该不该设年龄下限」，从未讨论死刑「对年轻人有什么影响」，是借「年轻人」这一相关词造的近义干扰。
• B)偷换概念What type of criminals should receive it. 把焦点偷换成「哪种罪犯该受刑」，而录音焦点是「年龄(age)下限」。年龄是 type of criminals 的一个相邻角度，但不是录音点题句问的那个，属偷换。

  借用原文：Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals?

• D)偷换概念Whether the practice should be allowed to continue in future. 问的是死刑整体的「存废未来」，比录音焦点「年龄下限」宽得多。录音明明把争论框在年龄这个窄点上，D 却放大到整个制度的存废，范围被偷偷扩大了。

  借用原文：Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals?

What does the speaker say about James Terry Roach?

引入该案例的主干陈述句。第三段一开头就用 a convicted murderer was given the death penalty for a crime he committed while he was a minor 总述了这个案例的核心——未成年时犯案、被判死刑。介绍人物的段落，开头这句总述往往就是答案句，故锁定它。

• was given the death penalty for a crime he committed while he was a minor↔He was sentenced to death for a crime he committed as a minor.was given the death penalty=was sentenced to death，while he was a minor=as a minor

• A)原词陷阱The court sentenced him to life in prison for killing two friends. 盗用了录音 murdered three people 的「杀人」情节，却把人数从「三人」偷换成 two friends，且把结局说成 life in prison(终身监禁)——录音里他最终是被处决，不是终身监禁。听到「杀人」「朋友」就选，正中这个原词陷阱。

  借用原文：two friends cruelly murdered three people

• B)与原文相反The governor changed his death sentence to life in prison. 盗用录音里 the governor of a state has the power to change a sentence from the death penalty to life in prison 这句「州长有权改判」的原词，却忽略紧接的转折 Nonetheless, the governor of South Carolina refused to stop the execution——州长其实拒绝了。选项取了转折前的「有权改判」，与转折后的事实正好相反。

  借用原文：Nonetheless, the governor of South Carolina refused to stop the execution

• C)原词陷阱He was the first minor to be executed in South Carolina. 盗用了录音真念到的地名 In the state of South Carolina 和「被处决」情节，但凭空加了 first(第一个)——录音从头到尾没说他是首个被处决的未成年人。听到 South Carolina 就觉得对，正是这个原词陷阱设的局。

  借用原文：In the state of South Carolina