2015年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

What happens when you have like-minded people around you all the while? 用 What happens when 直接问条件下的后果，答案必在原文中以陈述句形式出现，不需推断。

主干是 What happens，其后 when 引导时间状语从句 when you have like-minded people around you all the while，从句里 around you 是 like-minded people 的后置修饰，all the while 作时间状语；结构平铺，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  It will help your company expand more rapidly 把"妨碍"颠倒成"帮助加速"；原文明确 that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career，hinder（妨碍）与 help（帮助）极性相反。

• B)无中生有

  It will create a harmonious working atmosphere 中 harmonious working atmosphere 在原文找不到对应表达；原文只提 relax and feel comfortable，是"个人放松舒适"，不是"团队和谐的工作氛围"，且作者立场是这种舒适有害，并未把它说成有益的氛围。

• C)✓ 正确
  • that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career↔It may prevent your business and career from advancing

  预判说的"舒适→妨碍学习→妨碍事业"在 prevent your business and career from advancing 里被压缩成"妨碍事业前进"，与定位句结构一一对应。

• D)与原文相反

  It may make you feel uncertain about your own decisions 把原文 Agreeable people boost your confidence 中的 boost confidence（增强自信）反向改写为 feel uncertain about your own decisions（对自己决定不确定）。

What does the author suggest leaders do? 直接询问作者给出的具体建议，答案是文中明确陈述的内容，无须推断。

主干 What does the author suggest，suggest 后接动词复合宾语 leaders do（leaders 作 do 的逻辑主语，相当于 suggest that leaders should do what）；结构简单，但要留意 suggest 的宾语是"领导该做的事"而不是"作者做的事"。

• A)与原文相反

  Avoid arguments with business partners 中 avoid arguments 与原文 freely disagree and argue 完全相反；段4 Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments 把"避免争论"列为大众的常见错误，作者立场不支持。

• B)✓ 正确
  • create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue↔Encourage people to disagree and argue

  预判是"造环境让人自由争论"，B 用 encourage 把"营造环境促成"的施动效果直接说成"鼓励"，动词宾语 disagree and argue 与原文逐字相同。

• C)无中生有

  Build a wide and strong business network 把段3 Take a look at your own network 里的 network 拿来扩写；但原文是"审视已有人脉是否同质"，并未建议"建立更广更强的商业人脉"——wide and strong 这层意思属无中生有。

• D)偷换概念

  Seek advice from their worthy competitors 借用段5 Once you have worthy opponents 的 worthy opponents 但偷换了用途：原文中 worthy opponents 是用来"辩论交锋"的，并非用来"征求建议"；且 competitors 与 opponents 词义虽近，作者并未让领导"向对手讨教"。

What is the purpose of holding a debate? 直接问"辩论的目的是什么"，答案是文中明示的目的句，不需推断。

主干 What is the purpose，of 引导的介词短语 of holding a debate 修饰 purpose，holding 是动名词作介词宾语；结构平铺，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • to get to the truth↔To find out the truth about an issue

  预判是"触及真理"，选项 A 把 get to 换成 find out 后语义不变；about an issue 与原文 this debating game 所辩论的"议题"相吻合，不引入新成分。

• B)偷换概念

  To build up people's moral strength 借用段5 it does require moral strength 中的 moral strength，但原文是说"辩论需要道德勇气"——道德勇气是辩论的前提/要求，不是辩论的目的；选项把"前提"偷换为"目的"。

• C)无中生有

  To remove misunderstandings 在原文找不到对应表述；段5只字未提 misunderstanding 或类似概念，作者讲的是"求真"而不是"消误"。

• D)偷换概念

  To look for worthy opponents 拿段5 Once you have worthy opponents 的 worthy opponents 做诱饵；但原文是"一旦你已经有了配得上的对手"——这是辩论前置条件，不是辩论目的。

What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate? 直接索取作者给"激辩中人"的明示建议，文中必有相应建议句，不需推断。

主干 What advice does the author give，to 短语 to people engaged in a fierce debate 是给 give 补足对象的状语；engaged in a fierce debate 是过去分词短语作 people 的后置定语（people who are engaged in），考生若不识"过去分词作后置定语"易把 engaged 当谓语而读乱。

• A)无中生有

  They listen carefully to their opponents' views 在原文找不到对应表达；段6讲的是"激辩后情绪管理"，没有 listen carefully 或 hear out 类"倾听"建议。

• B)无中生有

  They show due respect for each other's beliefs 在原文段6找不到 respect 或 beliefs 的对应表述；作者关心的是 emotion 而非 belief，且未提"尊重"这一动作。

• C)无中生有

  They present their views clearly and explicitly 在原文段6找不到对应；段6的建议是"情绪不外延"，与"表达清晰"不在同一议题。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Fierce debating can hurt feelings↔They take care not to hurt each other's feelings
  • Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield↔They take care not to hurt each other's feelings

  预判说"避免对手把情绪带出战场=别伤感情"，D 把这层意思压缩为 take care not to hurt each other's feelings，既保留 hurt feelings 原词，又用 take care not to 表防范，与原文一一对应。

How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate? 直接询问"辩论后该怎样对待对手"，原文明示，不需推断。

主干 How should we treat our rivals，after 短语 after a successful debate 作时间状语；结构平铺，但要注意 treat 此处是"对待"不是"治疗/请客"——若按熟词原义读会偏掉。

• A)无中生有

  Try to make peace with them 中 make peace 是"和解、讲和"，预设事前有冲突需要修补；原文段7的语境是"辩论是为求真的友好讨论"（呼应段6 friendly discourse），不需要事后"讲和"——make peace 是无中生有。

• B)偷换概念

  Try to make up the differences 中 make up the differences 是"消除分歧、弥合差异"；但原文段7关心的是"奖励+表达感激"而非"消除分歧"——偷换了动作对象。

• C)答非所问

  Invite them to the ring next time 借用段7末句 the more they'll be willing to get into the ring next time；但原文是说"对手会更愿意自己再上场"，是对方的意愿，不是"我们邀请他们"——题干问 How should we treat them，答案的主体动作应是"我们做什么"；C 把"对方的自愿"偷换为"我们的邀请"。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Let your sparring partners(拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution↔Acknowledge their contribution
  • Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached↔Acknowledge their contribution

  预判是"承认/感谢他们的贡献"，D 用一个 acknowledge 同时覆盖原文"奖励"和"让对手知道被欣赏"两层动作——是定位句最精准的同义压缩。