2015年6月·第2套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

Why were many passengers stranded at the railway station?

after 引出真正起因。答案句里 after a rare snowfall delayed trains 的 after 是因果信号——它前面是结果（旅客滞留），后面才交代真正原因（罕见降雪致列车延误）。这与第一步预读说的盯 after/because 完全吻合，听到 after 就该锁定这句。

• a rare snowfall delayed trains↔a rare snowfall delayed trains原因短语整段对应

• A)原词陷阱录音确实念到大量旅客返乡 millions of people are heading back to families，A 便把这点改写成 too many passengers headed home 当原因。但这是春运的背景，旅客真正被困是因降雪延误，A 用听得到的原词把背景偷换成起因，答非所问。

  借用原文：millions of people are heading back to families

• B)未提及a terrible train accident 把原因说成列车事故，但录音通篇只说 adverse weather delayed trains（恶劣天气致延误），从未出现事故、相撞、伤亡等字眼。这是凭常识脑补的无中生有，原文无据。
• D)偷换概念录音说的是 adverse weather delayed trains，只讲天气延误了列车，并没说所有列车都延误。all trains were delayed 偷偷加上 all 把范围放大到全部，与原文不符；况且它只复述了延误这个结果，没回答 why。

  借用原文：adverse weather delayed trains

When is this year's Chinese New Year according to the news report?

Lunar New Year 锁定所问事件。录音末句把时间 next Monday 直接挂在 Lunar New Year 上，而题问的正是 Chinese New Year（即农历新年）。听到事件词 Lunar New Year 与时间词同句出现，就锁定这句，别被前面的别的时间干扰。

• next Monday's Lunar New Year↔Next Monday时间词直接对应

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 two weeks ago，但它说的是 40 天春运期 the 40-day period which started two weeks ago 开始的时间，不是春节的时间。A 把这个听得到的时间挪来答春节，配错了事件。

  借用原文：the 40-day period which started two weeks ago

• B)原词陷阱录音里 40 出现在 the 40-day period（为期40天的春运周期），B 却改写成 40 days later（40天后）当春节时间。它盗用了听得到的数字 40，却既改了含义又配错了事件。

  借用原文：the 40-day period

• C)原词陷阱After the snowfall 借用了录音里的 snowfall 一词，把春节说成在降雪之后。但录音从没说春节在降雪之后发生，降雪只是导致列车延误，与春节的日期没有时间关系，属硬凑的关联。

  借用原文：a rare snowfall delayed trains

Which country experienced the biggest decline in happiness according to the survey?

最高级 largest 即答案信号。题干问 biggest decline，录音里对应的极性信号就是 Greece had the largest drop in the survey 中的 largest drop——「最大降幅」这个最高级直接标记了答案句。听到 the largest/the most 这类最高级，就要立刻锁定它修饰的对象。

• Greece had the largest drop↔Greek.国名同指（Greece≈Greek）

• A)原词陷阱录音开头 The United States has experienced a decline in happiness 确实念到美国「下降」，The United States. 就靠这句勾人；但美国是「has experienced a decline」一般性下降，问的是 biggest decline——降幅最大的是希腊不是美国，听到 decline + 美国就选是典型的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：The United States has experienced a decline in happiness

• C)原词陷阱Iceland. 出现在录音念的「最幸福国家」名单 also included Switzerland, Iceland, Norway 里，是被一并念到的原词；但它是「最幸福」名单成员，跟「下降最大」毫无关系，纯属听到名字就想选的干扰。

  借用原文：also included Switzerland, Iceland, Norway

• D)原词陷阱Netherlands. 同样在 Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand 这串「最幸福国家」名单里被念到，方向恰好相反——它是「最幸福」而非「下降最大」，是把幸福榜成员错安到「下降」问题上的陷阱。

  借用原文：Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand

What is this news report mainly about?

全篇围绕「各国幸福/满意度」。主旨题不靠单句，而靠全篇反复出现的话题：从 among the world's happiest countries 到 The happiest country in the world was Denmark、Greece had the largest drop、再到 richer countries were happier than poor countries，整篇都在比较「不同国家」的幸福/生活满意度——这就是覆盖全篇的主线。

• richer countries were happier than poor countries↔The life satisfaction in different countries举例→概括（详述归纳为主题）
• a life satisfaction poll↔The life satisfaction in different countries同词锚定主题（life satisfaction）

• A)原词陷阱The decline of happiness in the U.S. 直接搬用开篇 The United States has experienced a decline in happiness，原词高度重合极易误选；但它只覆盖第一句关于美国的局部信息，后文丹麦、希腊、富国穷国等大半内容它都罩不住，是以偏概全。

  借用原文：The United States has experienced a decline in happiness

• B)原词陷阱The optimistic future of Asians and Africans. 取自录音中段 Asians and Africans are the most optimistic people about their futures，原词都对得上；但这只是文中一笔带过的枝节信息，范围窄到只剩两个人群，撑不起整篇主题。

  借用原文：Asians and Africans are the most optimistic people about their futures

• D)原词陷阱The driving factors to happiness. 对应结尾 Money was a big factor driving happiness 那段「驱动幸福的因素」，原词 factor/driving 都念到了；但「幸福的驱动因素」只是篇末一小段，全篇主体是各国幸福/满意度的横向比较，不是谈成因，故偏题。

  借用原文：Money was a big factor driving happiness

What is the research mainly about?

开篇首句点题、定全文主线。新闻常把核心信息放在第一句，这里开篇即 Scientists found sea levels are rising faster today than any time over the past 3,000 years.，海平面上升是后文升温、冰川、排放层层展开的源头主题，故首句即答案句。

• sea levels are rising faster today than any time over the past 3,000 years↔The fast-rising sea level.整句概括成一个名词短语

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 gases released into the air，The types of gases released into the air. 就盗这串原词，但原文只是顺带解释升温成因，且谈的是「气体导致升温」不是「气体的种类」，既以偏概全又答非所问。

  借用原文：gases released into the air

• C)原词陷阱The causes of breaking-off of the glaciers. 借了录音 break off from glaciers 的原词，但这只是解释「为何升温会让海平面涨」链条里的一环，不是报道主旨，属把局部当全局。

  借用原文：break off from glaciers

• D)原词陷阱Climate impact on the temperature. 借了录音反复出现的 temperature，但原文逻辑是「温度上升导致海平面上升」，温度是原因侧的铺垫，报道落脚仍在海平面；把铺垫说成主旨，本末倒置。

  借用原文：When temperatures rise, so do sea levels.

Who is the paper's lead author?

身份词 lead author 与题干完全对应。题干问 lead author，录音里 is the paper's lead author 这个身份词原样出现，它前面紧贴的人名与机构就是答案；靠这个身份词锁句，比逐字扫描快且准。

• Robert Kopp, from Rutgers University in New Jersey, is the paper's lead author↔Robert Kopp from Rutgers University.人名机构原样对应、仅省略地点

• A)张冠李戴Stefan Rahmstorf from the Climate Impact Research Center. 用的是录音另一人 Stefan Rahmstorf，但他是 the study's co-author（合著者），不是题干问的 lead author，把另一人的身份安到本题答案上，且机构名也被改动。

  借用原文：He is a professor of ocean physics at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany and the study's co-author.

• B)张冠李戴Stefan Rahmstorf from the Potsdam Institute. 人名是合著者 Stefan、机构 Potsdam Institute 也确属他，但他是 co-author 不是 lead author，仍是把另一人当第一作者，答非所问。

  借用原文：the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany

• C)偷换概念Robert Kopp from National Academy of Sciences. 人名 Robert Kopp 是对的，但机构被换成录音里另处出现的 National Academy of Sciences——那是发布研究的机构，不是 Kopp 所在的 Rutgers University，人对机构错。

  借用原文：released Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Since when have the temperatures around the Earth risen over a half-degree Celsius?

题干 half-degree 原词回扣、紧跟其年份即答案。题干里的 half-degree Celsius 在录音 risen more than a half-degree Celsius since 1880 原样出现，紧跟它的 since 1880 就是问的起始年份；靠这个独特短语锁句，能把它和录音里别处的 3000 年、两个 decade 等年份分开。

• risen more than a half-degree Celsius since 1880↔Since 1880.起始年份原词对应

• A)原词陷阱Since two decades ago. 借录音 The rise over the last two decades has been even faster. 里的 two decades，但那讲的是「近二十年海平面涨得更快」，不是升温半度的起点，配错了事件。

  借用原文：The rise over the last two decades has been even faster.

• B)原词陷阱Since 20th century. 蹭录音 the 20th century rise was "extraordinary" 里的 20th century，但那是说「20 世纪的上升很惊人」，并非升温半度始于 20 世纪；原文给升温半度配的明确是 1880。

  借用原文：He said the 20th century rise was "extraordinary"

• D)原词陷阱Since 2800 years ago. 由录音 gathered information going back 28 centuries（28 个世纪≈2800 年）改来，但那是研究数据「追溯」的时间跨度，不是升温半度的起点，把研究回溯年限错配成升温起始年。

  借用原文：The sea level researchers gathered information going back 28 centuries.

Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?

unpopular because…直接给出原因。答案句里 they are unpopular because they can pollute the soil used to cover them 用 because 直接挂出「不受欢迎」的原因，正是题干 unpopular 的应答点；听到 unpopular 紧跟 because，就该锁定其后那半句。

• they can pollute the soil used to cover them↔They pollute the soil used to cover them.几乎原句搬运，仅去掉 can

• B)原词陷阱选项 They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods. 听着像录音里 that's bad for people who may build new homes there，但原文说的是「对日后在那盖新房的人不好」，并非「危害周边社区」，把「未来住户」偷换成「邻近社区」，答非所问。

  借用原文：that's bad for people who may build new homes there

• C)未提及选项 The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve. 说垃圾降解慢，但本段只讲了污染土壤，从头到尾没提分解快慢，属凭常识臆造、录音未提及。
• D)未提及选项 The gas they emit is extremely poisonous. 讲填埋场排剧毒气体，录音谈 landfills 时只字未提 gas，这是另一种常见环保常识被塞进来当干扰，属未提及。

What does the man say has contributed to the increase in amounts of waste over the years?

过去 vs 现在的对比＝变化落点。答案句用 10 or 20 years ago 与 Now 拉出今昔对比：过去是可回收玻璃瓶，现在变成塑料瓶、纸盒——这种「从前如何、如今如何」的对照，正是垃圾增多的成因所在，对比转折处就是答案落点。

• plastic bottles or paper containers↔Packaging materials.具体物→上位概念概括

• A)未提及选项 Growing population. 把垃圾增多归于人口增长，这是个貌似合理的常识推断，但录音谈的是容器从玻璃瓶变塑料瓶，全程没提人口，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱选项 Changed eating habits. 听着呼应录音里反复的 buy milk，但原文变的是牛奶的「包装」而非「吃喝习惯」，把容器变化偷换成饮食习惯变化，答非所问。

  借用原文：Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers

• D)原词陷阱选项 Lower production cost. 蹭了录音里 the high cost of disposing of these things 的 cost，但原文说的是「处理成本高」，方向恰恰相反，且谈的是处置成本而非生产成本，既偷换概念又与原文相反。

  借用原文：Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills

According to the man, how does recycling help the environment?

mainly by 直接点明主要方式。答案句 Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy 用 mainly by 直接挂出「主要靠……」的方式，正面回应题干 how；听到 mainly by，其后的内容就是答案，后半句的铝只是举例佐证。

• mainly by saving energy↔By saving energy.去掉 mainly，措辞基本一致

• B)原词陷阱选项 By using less aluminum. 蹭了录音例句里反复出现的 recycled aluminum，但铝只是用来「举例说明省能源」的，回收帮环境的主要方式是省能源，不是少用铝；把例证里的名词当成主答案，答非所问。

  借用原文：it takes 95% less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum

• C)未提及选项 By reducing poisonous wastes. 讲靠减少有毒废物护环境，但本段只说省能源，未提任何 poisonous wastes，属脑补的环保常识、未提及。
• D)未提及选项 By making the most of materials. 说靠充分利用材料，听上去与回收沾边，但录音这段只讲省能源，没提「物尽其用」，属未提及。

Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle?

If we combine…we can＝表态收束句。答案句 If we combine our efforts, we can make a difference 是被问者面对「一个人有用吗」的反问后给出的正面主张，用 if…then 句式收束全篇，正是题干要的理由；听到这种「合力才能改变」的强调收尾，就该锁定。

• If we combine our efforts, we can make a difference↔Only combined efforts can make a difference.条件句改写成 Only 限定句，意思同一

• A)未提及选项 We are running out of natural resources soon. 把理由说成资源即将枯竭，这是常见的环保论调，但被问者此处强调的是「合力」，没提资源耗尽，属未提及。
• C)原词陷阱选项 The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us. 蹭了录音里的 Each of us contributes to the waste problem，但原文说的是「我们每个人都在制造垃圾问题」，不是「垃圾问题会伤害所有人」，把「人人有份制造」偷换成「人人受害」，答非所问。

  借用原文：Each of us contributes to the waste problem

• D)偷换概念选项 All of us can actually benefit from recycling. 把理由说成「人人都能从回收获益」，蹭的是整段回收有好处的语境，但被问者强调的是「要合力」而非「都能受益」，理由对象被偷换，答非所问。

Where is the woman planning to go?

from…to… 的方向结构。女士开口第一句 from Miami to Bellingham 用 from…to… 把出发地和目的地一并交代：from 后是起点迈阿密，to 后才是终点贝灵厄姆。方向介词 to 就是锁定答案的信号。

• to Bellingham, Washington↔Bellingham.原词直取目的地

• A)原词陷阱Miami. 确实在录音里念到，但它在 from Miami 的 from 之后，是出发地。听到熟词就选正中陷阱，方向词 from 已说明它不是要去的地方。

  借用原文：from Miami

• B)原词陷阱Vancouver. 在录音里出现于 why don't you book a flight to Vancouver Canada?，那是男士为省钱提出的中转方案，不是女士本来要去的地方，且女士还回了 that's farther than we want to go 表示不想去那么远。

  借用原文：book a flight to Vancouver Canada

• D)未提及Boston. 全程未在录音里出现，是凭空设置的干扰项，与本对话无关。

What is the woman's purpose in calling the man?

开门见山的诉求句。女士在第一段说完询价后紧接着点明诉求 We'd like advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible，这是她主动说出的来电目的，目的题的答案信号就是这种『我想要……』的直陈句。

• We'd like advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible↔To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible.We'd like = To get advice

• A)原词陷阱To get information on one-way tickets to Canada. 拼凑了录音后面才出现的 one-way（one-way economy class fare）和 Canada（Vancouver Canada）。但 one-way 是男士分析票价时的用词、Canada 是省钱绕道方案，都不是女士打电话的初衷。

  借用原文：one-way economy class fare

• B)原词陷阱To inquire about the price of "Super Saver" seats. 里的 Super Saver 来自男士的话 reserve the "Super Saver" seats，是他给的省钱细节，不是女士打电话来咨询的目的；而且女士并未专门去问这种座位的价格。

  借用原文：reserve the "Super Saver" seats

• D)原词陷阱To inquire about the shortest route to drive home. 把结尾 if we don't decide to drive 的 drive 拿来用，但女士来电是问『怎么飞最便宜』，不是问开车最短路线；开车只是她最后透露的后备方案。

  借用原文：if we don't decide to drive

What does the man advise the woman to do?

I'd recommend 建议信号词。男士说 I'd recommend early booking，recommend 是明确的建议信号词，它后面的 early booking（尽早订票）正是他给的核心忠告；ought to 进一步加重了这条建议。

• I'd recommend early booking↔Book tickets as early as possible.early booking = Book…as early as possible

• A)未提及Join a tourist group. 在录音里毫无依据，男士谈的全是订票时机、票种、绕道省钱，从未提及加入旅行团。
• B)未提及Choose a major airline. 同样无据。男士提的是经济舱、Super Saver 座位、提前订票，并未建议挑选某家大航空公司。
• C)偷换概念Avoid trips in public holidays. 看似贴合省钱话题，但男士说的是 If you can fly on a Tuesday or Wednesday（建议挑周二周三飞），谈的是『错开高峰日』，并没有提到 public holidays（公共假日）这个词。选项偷换成了『避开节假日』。

  借用原文：If you can fly on a Tuesday or Wednesday

What is the woman's Plan B for transport?

if we don't… 的条件假设。女士结尾说 I may call you back if we don't decide to drive，if we don't decide to drive 这个条件句反过来透露：她们另有一个『开车』的备选——若不开车才回头订机票。条件句就是 Plan B 的答案信号。

• if we don't decide to drive↔By car.drive = by car

• A)原词陷阱By coach. 对应录音 you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham 的 bus（coach 即长途客车）。但那是男士设想『若飞温哥华，再坐车回贝灵厄姆』的回程衔接，属于飞机方案的一部分，不是女士不坐飞机时的后备方案。

  借用原文：take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham

• C)未提及By bike. 在录音里没有任何依据，全程谈的是飞机、客车、开车，从未出现自行车。
• D)未提及By train. 同样无据，男士提的接驳是 take a bus（坐客车），并非火车，火车这种方式录音里根本没说。

What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?

转折词 Yet 后的反问 + still 强调。Yet how many know Shakespeare, the person 用 Yet 转折，把话锋从「作品人尽皆知」转到「这个人却没人了解」，紧接 scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history 用 still 强调至今没弄清——转折之后才是说话者真正想说的那层意思。

• scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's personal history↔His personal history is little known.「至今还在努力弄清」= 「鲜为人知」

• A)原词陷阱录音确实多次说到 All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people，A 借这些「谜 / 传说」造出 There are mysterious stories behind his works.，但录音说的是「生平之谜」，不是「作品背后有神秘故事」——把谜安到了作品上，答非所问。

  借用原文：All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people

• B)原词陷阱录音说 Many myths arose about Shakespeare，B 据此说 There are many misunderstandings about him.。误传确实有，但它只是文中一个枝节、且后文紧接着反问「这些传说是真的吗？大概不是」，说话者的总意是「其人不为人知」，不是「误解很多」，以偏概全。

  借用原文：Many myths arose about Shakespeare

• C)过度推断录音只说他是 one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries（那个时代最伟大的英语作家之一），C 却升级成 His works have no match worldwide.（全世界无人能比）。「之一」「英语作家」被偷改成「无双」「全世界」，程度和范围都被夸大了。

  借用原文：one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries

What do we learn about Shakespeare's father?

题干主语 father 在原文直接出现。Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon, a member of the town council 句首就是 Shakespeare's father，与题干主语对上，是讲父亲的直接陈述句，答案信息（身份）就在这句尾部。

• a member of the town council↔He was a member of the town council.原文身份几乎原样落在选项上

• A)原词陷阱录音的 Stratford-upon-Avon 是说父亲所在地，A 却说 He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.——把地名搬来，又凭空加上「童年搬来」这个录音没说的时间，既张冠李戴又无中生有。

  借用原文：Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-upon-Avon

• B)张冠李戴录音的 He sent young William to grammar school 讲的是父亲送儿子上文法学校，B 却说 He failed to go beyond grammar school.，一是把「上学的儿子」当成了父亲，二是录音说的是 William 没继续往上读，不是「没读完」，张冠李戴又混淆了对象。

  借用原文：He sent young William to grammar school

• D)原词陷阱He once worked in a well-known acting company. 里的「剧团」呼应了录音前文 An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to，但那是讲「当时剧团能随意改剧本」，根本没说父亲在剧团工作，属把不相干的原词拿来安在父亲身上。

  借用原文：An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to

Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare's life will remain a mystery?

紧跟「仍是谜」之后给出的具体起因。录音先说 Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown，正对应题干「remain a mystery」，紧接着的 The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could've been a source of clues 就是对「为什么」的直接交代——一场具体的火灾烧掉了本可做线索的文献。

• The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents↔Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.「火烧了文献」= 「线索来源毁于火」

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 Authors of the time could not protect their works，A 据此写 Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.。这句原文是用来解释「生平难从其作品中找到」，并非回答「为什么部分生平永远成谜」——那个答案是后文的火灾，A 张冠李戴接错了因果。

  借用原文：Authors of the time could not protect their works

• C)过度推断His works were adapted beyond recognition. 的「作品被改得面目全非」靠 An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to 里的 change a play 拼凑，但原文只说剧团「可以改动剧本」，从没说改到 beyond recognition（面目全非），是把程度夸大、无中生有。

  借用原文：An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to

• D)未提及People of his time had little interest in him. 听起来也像个原因，但录音通篇没说同时代的人对他缺乏兴趣，这是凭常识臆造的解释，属未提及。

Why does the speaker say "a headache is important"?

because 引出理由。答案信号是因果连词 because：题干问 Why，原文恰好用 A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition 给出理由，because 后面那半句就是答案所在。

• the first warning of a serious condition↔an early warning of some illness同义改写：first→early、condition→illness

• A)未提及It shows you have been ignoring your health. 说头痛表明你一直忽视健康，原文谈的是头痛预警疾病、以及不该用止痛药掩盖，从未说头痛源于"忽视健康"，属凭常识推演出的内容。
• B)原词陷阱It can seriously affect your thinking process. 借了原文 serious 的"严重"色彩，却把头痛的重要性偷换成"严重影响思维"；原文只说头痛是 serious condition 的预警，从没说它影响 thinking process。

  借用原文：the first warning of a serious condition

• D)答非所问It is a symptom of too much pressure. 把头痛说成"压力过大的症状"，原文虽提到头痛与紧张（tension headaches），但解释"头痛为何重要"时给的理由是"疾病预警"，并未说它是压力的症状，答非所问。

  借用原文：rubbing and pressing the neck muscles

What does the specialist suggest we do with headaches?

专家引语＋否定评价。答案信号是专家被直接引述的话加上否定评价：Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment，specialist said 锁定说话人，not the best way 是"不该这么做"的劝告，反过来即"应避免掩盖症状"。

• Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment↔Avoid masking symptoms否定句转成 Avoid 的同义

• A)答非所问Reduce our workload. 减少工作量，原文只在讲头痛危害时提到 employee with a headache does less work，从未把"减少工作量"作为专家的处理建议，属答非所问。

  借用原文：The employee with a headache does less work.

• B)原词陷阱Control our temper. 借了原文 In a flash of temper 的 temper 一词，但原文那句是描述头痛者发脾气的危害，不是专家让我们"控制脾气"的建议，听到 temper 就选会中招。

  借用原文：In a flash of temper, he or she may upset his fellow workers

• C)与原文相反Use painkillers for relief. 用止痛药缓解，恰恰是原文批评的做法——If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a painkiller, he or she may pass the point of easy control，专家的态度是反对而非建议，方向相反。

  借用原文：he or she may pass the point of easy control

What does the speaker say helps relieve the symptoms of common headaches?

stop／help 引出缓解办法。答案信号是 stop many common headaches 和 may help 这两个"奏效"的标志词：Rest, quiet and fresh airs stop many common headaches. Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help，紧跟其后列出的就是缓解普通头痛的办法。

• Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help↔Lying down and having some sleep几乎同义：falling asleep＝having some sleep

• B)偷换概念Rubbing and pressing one's back. 揉按的是 back（背），但原文说的是 rubbing and pressing the neck muscles——揉按的是脖子（neck）；动作原词照搬、部位被换，是典型细节偷换。

  借用原文：rubbing and pressing the neck muscles

• C)过度推断Going out for a walk. 外出散步，原文只提到 fresh airs（新鲜空气）有助缓解，并没有说要"出去散步"这个动作，属由 fresh air 过度联想出来的未提及内容。

  借用原文：Rest, quiet and fresh airs stop many common headaches.

• D)未提及Listening to light music. 听轻音乐，原文列举的缓解办法是休息、安静、新鲜空气、躺下入睡、揉按脖子、热敷、规律进食，从头到尾没提"听音乐"，属未提及。

What does the speaker say is the biggest budget mistake?

最高级 the biggest 直接亮判定。录音里 The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all. 用最高级 the biggest 把结论直接说出，这种最高级判定句就是答案信号，听到 the biggest 就该锁这一句。

• no budget at all↔Having no budget plans at all.几乎原义改写

• A)未提及Depending heavily on loans. 谈靠贷款度日，听着像理财困境，但原文 The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all. 说的最大错误是没预算，全篇没说靠贷款，属答非所问的联想干扰。
• C)答非所问Spending beyond one's means. 入不敷出确实是种财务问题，开头 money traps 也让人联想，但题目问的是 the biggest mistake，原文明确锁定没预算，C 不是被点名的那个最大错误。
• D)原词陷阱Leaving no room for large bills. 说没给大额账单留余地，原文 we just put all the bills in a pile 确实提到 bills，但那是举例说明没预算的样子，并非把没给大账单留余地定为最大错误，盗 bills 一词来误导。

  借用原文：we just put all the bills in a pile

What does the speaker say about the so-called fixed expenses?

出现对象词 fixed expenses 后紧跟判定。录音点到对象词 high fixed expenses 后，紧接着 Many of these can be reduced too. 给出判定——这些大多也能削减；对象词后面紧跟的那句定性就是答案句。

• Many of these can be reduced too↔Many of them can be cut.reduce=cut 近义替换

• B)与原文相反All of them have to be covered. 说全都必须照付，正好和原文 Many of these can be reduced too. 说很多能削减唱反调，且 All 把话说满，是反向加极端的干扰。

  借用原文：Many of these can be reduced too

• C)未提及Their payment cannot be delayed. 讲付款不能拖延，原文谈固定支出只说能不能削减，从没提付款时间能不能拖，属原文未涉及的内容。
• D)原词陷阱They eat up most of the family income. 说固定支出吃掉大半家庭收入，原文确实提到 income，但谈的是房租占 more than 25% of your income，并未说固定支出整体吞掉大部分收入，借 income 一词制造像是的错觉。

  借用原文：more than 25% of your income

What does the speaker suggest people do to save housing expenses?

条件句 If...consider 引出建议。录音 If housing takes more than 25% of your income, for example, consider moving to a cheaper place，用 If...consider 这种条件加建议的句式给出办法，consider 后面接的动作就是答案信号。

• moving to a cheaper place↔Move to a cheaper place.近乎原句保留

• A)原词陷阱Rent a house instead of buying one. 说租房而非买房，原文确有 renting out an extra room，但那是把多余房间租出去（收租），不是去租房住；盗 rent 一词又调换了租的方向。

  借用原文：renting out an extra room

• B)张冠李戴Discuss the problem in the family. 全家商量，原文里 get the whole family involved in a conservation plan 是针对水电费（utility bills）说的，不是省住房开支的办法，被挪到了住房题上。

  借用原文：get the whole family involved in a conservation plan

• C)原词陷阱Make a conservation plan. 制定节约计划，原文 get the whole family involved in a conservation plan 同样是针对高额水电费给的招，不是省住房开支的办法，盗 conservation plan 来误导。

  借用原文：get the whole family involved in a conservation plan

What is mainly discussed in the talk?

前半摆问题、后半给办法的结构。全段先讲毛病 The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all.，再以 The solution 转入对策，问题加解决的双段结构就是主旨信号，说明全文既谈问题又谈办法。

• The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all↔Family budget problems and solutions.问题面对应 problems
• The solution: make a detailed record of where all your money goes now↔Family budget problems and solutions.办法面对应 solutions

• A)偷换概念Financial issues plaguing a family. 只说困扰家庭的财务问题，确与原文 The same problem plagues many 的 plague 呼应，但全文大半在给 The solution 对策，A 漏掉解决办法这一面，以偏概全。

  借用原文：The same problem plagues many

• B)偷换概念Difficulty in making both ends meet. 讲收支难平衡，呼应开头 your paychecks seem to be disappearing into thin air，但那只是引出话题的开场，全文重心是预算问题与对策，B 把引子当主旨，且同样不含办法面。

  借用原文：your paychecks seem to be disappearing into thin air

• D)偷换概念New ways to boost family income. 讲增加家庭收入，可全文谈的是怎么管预算、省开支，从没讲如何增收；income 在原文是 more than 25% of your income 这种背景数据，被偷换成增收主题。

  借用原文：more than 25% of your income