2020年12月·第2套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析
本页是 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力 的真题原文与答案解析页 —— 与试卷排版同一卷面层级（3 个 Section：短篇新闻 3 · 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 3），按录音篇目 逐篇排印：8 篇录音各自先给 共 1700 词的完整录音文字稿（逐段中译） ，再逐题接上该题的题目与解析 ——题干与选项中译、正确答案、答案句录音原文与中译、答案信号、同义替换对照与错项原词陷阱归因，全卷共 25 道四选一的题，答案字母分布 A 6 · B 6 · C 7 · D 6。
本套原声音频可直接在本页在线收听（页面底部播放条：0.75–1.5 倍速、前后 10 秒、按录音篇目跳听；各篇题行另有「播放本篇」按钮）。同题型其余套的音频见 英语四级听力真题总页。
听力题和解析
本卷全部 25 题的标准答案与完整录音文字稿由懒笔记基于2020年12月·第2套 英语四级听力原卷逐题核对整理。与试卷排版同一卷面层级：Part/Section 标题与各节 Directions 照原卷排印——真实听力考卷只印选项，题干由录音念出。其下按录音篇目逐篇排印：每篇先给完整录音文字稿（逐段中译），再逐题给出卷面题目与该题解析（题目、翻译、答案、定位、信号、替换与排除）。
以下按录音篇目排印：每篇先给录音原文与逐段中译（考卷上没有，考试时录音只播一遍、卷面只印选项），再逐题给出卷面题目与解析。
A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to the retired social worker who lost it. The waiter found a bank envelope while cleaning off a table last Saturday at a restaurant. He ran outside but the customer was gone. He opened the envelope and got a shock. After an unsuccessful search, the restaurant's owner called the Daily News for help. The "relieved" customer was reunited with her check on Wednesday. It contained money from her apartment sale, already planned for a down payment on a new home. The customer did not tip the waiter after her meal. She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined. The waiter, who's working his way through school, did accept the customer's apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
一名服务员将一张价值近42.4万美元的支票归还给了遗失它的退休社工。上周六，这名服务员在餐厅清理桌子时发现了一个银行信封。他跑到外面，但顾客已经离开了。他打开信封后大吃一惊。在搜寻未果后,餐厅老板致电《每日新闻》寻求帮助。周三,这位"如释重负"的顾客与她的支票重聚。支票里的钱来自她公寓的售款,原本计划用作新房的首付。这位顾客用餐后没有给服务员小费。她后来试图给他钱,但他礼貌地拒绝了。这名正在半工半读的服务员接受了顾客的道歉和感谢,并表示很高兴能帮助到她。
What does the news report say about the waiter?
新闻报道中关于这位服务员说了什么?
- A) 他想买房。
- B) 他遭受了震惊。
- C) 他损失了一大笔钱。
- D) 他做了一件不同寻常的好事。
A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to the retired social worker who lost it. ... He opened the envelope and got a shock. ... She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined.
一名服务员把一张面值近 424,000 美元、由一位退休社工弄丢的支票归还了。……他打开信封，吃了一惊。……她后来想给他钱，但他礼貌地谢绝了。
开篇首句即点核心事件。新闻短消息的答案信号是"开篇第一句的核心事件"：A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to the retired social worker who lost it 一上来就交代了服务员做的事——归还巨额支票；再加上结尾 he graciously declined（婉拒酬谢），整段都在讲"服务员归还失物、不图回报"这件不寻常的好事。
- A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000did an unusual good deed具体行为概括为"做好事"
- he graciously declinedunusual婉拒酬谢印证"不寻常"
- A)张冠李戴录音确实念到"买房"相关内容——钱是 already planned for a down payment on a new home（已计划用作新房首付），但想买房的是丢钱的女顾客，不是服务员。本题问的是 the waiter，A 把顾客的打算安到服务员头上。
借用原文：already planned for a down payment on a new home
- B)原词陷阱录音里 shock 这个词真的出现了——He opened the envelope and got a shock（他打开信封吃了一惊），所以"听到 shock 就选 B"很诱人。但"吃一惊"只是他打开信封那一刻的瞬时反应，不是新闻要讲的他做的事，更不是 suffered from a shock（遭受打击/惊吓）这种持续受害的意思，答非所问。
借用原文：He opened the envelope and got a shock
- C)张冠李戴录音开篇就说支票是 the retired social worker who lost it（弄丢支票的退休社工）丢的，丢一大笔钱的是顾客，服务员恰恰是"捡到并归还"的人。C 把"丢钱"这一与服务员相反的角色硬安到服务员身上，与原文相反。
借用原文：the retired social worker who lost it
What did the customer try to do when she got her check back?
当这位顾客拿回她的账单时,她试图做什么?
- A) 邀请这位服务员去高档餐厅用餐。
- B) 把她的故事告诉《每日新闻》。
- C) 给这位服务员一些钱。
- D) 支付这位服务员的学费。
题干 try 与原文 tried 直接对应。答案信号是题干关键词 try 在录音里的对应落点：She tried to give him money later on 中的 tried to give 与题干 try to do 严丝合缝，这一句就是承载"她试图做什么"的答案句；后半 but he graciously declined 说明只是"试图"、并未成功，正扣题干的 try。
- She tried to give him money later onGive some money to the waitergive money 几乎原义对应
- A)未提及录音通篇只说她"试图给他钱"，从未提到 invite to a fancy dinner（请吃豪华大餐）这件事。A 是凭"答谢恩人请吃饭"的常识想当然，录音里查无此事。
- B)张冠李戴录音里 Daily News 确实出现——the restaurant's owner called the Daily News for help（店主打电话向《每日新闻》求助），但联系报社的是餐厅店主，目的是找失主，不是顾客去"讲述她的故事"。B 盗用 Daily News 这个真出现的专名，把店主的行为安到顾客头上。
借用原文：the restaurant's owner called the Daily News for help
- D)原词陷阱录音结尾提到服务员 who's working his way through school（半工半读、靠打工供自己上学），"school"这个词真出现了，于是"替他付学费"很有迷惑性。但录音只说他自己边打工边读书，从没说顾客要替他付 school tuition（学费）；顾客试图做的只是泛泛"给钱"，并非专门付学费。
借用原文：who's working his way through school
The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainland. The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels. Most of the village's 169 registered voters took part in the town hall meeting. They decided in a vote of 89 to 78 to move from their land on Sarichef Island, near the Arctic Circle. Maref Council Secretary Donna Barr said the vote was largely symbolic. It will be costly financially to the community. "About 15 years ago, they estimated the cost at $180 million. I would figure it's much higher now," Barr said. "We don't see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding." The village's roughly 650 residents have seen warming temperatures melt sea ice and permanently frozen land. This has resulted in houses falling into the water. At least 31 villages in Alaska face "immediate threats" due to climate change, the Government Accountability Office reported in 2009.
Alaska的Maref村在周二投票决定迁往该州大陆。此次搬迁是由于全球变暖和海平面上升。该村169名登记选民中的大多数参加了市政厅会议。他们以89票对78票的结果决定从北极圈附近Sarichef岛上的土地搬迁。Maref委员会秘书Donna Barr表示，这次投票在很大程度上具有象征意义。这将给社区带来巨大的财政负担。"大约15年前,他们估计费用为1.8亿美元。我认为现在肯定要高得多，"Barr说。"由于资金问题，我们认为这次搬迁不会在我们有生之年发生。"该村约650名居民目睹了气温升高导致海冰融化和永久冻土消融。这导致房屋掉入水中。美国政府问责办公室在2009年报告称，Alaska至少有31个村庄因气候变化面临"直接威胁"。
What is Maref's vote on Tuesday about?
Maref在周二的投票是关于什么的?
- A) 是否搬迁到该州的大陆。
- B) 如何防止村庄沉入海中。
- C) 从哪里获得重建村庄的资金。
- D) 如何应对海平面上升的问题。
The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainland.
阿拉斯加的马雷夫村在周二投票决定搬迁到该州的大陆地区。
开篇首句直陈事件。新闻报道的导语句往往把"谁、何时、做了什么"一次说清，本段开篇 voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainland 就把投票时间与投票内容直接抛出，这种"开篇即点题"是新闻题最强的定位信号，不必等转折。
- voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainlandWhether or not to move to the state's mainland.做了的事改写成投票议题
- B)原词陷阱录音背景里确有"海平面上升、房屋落水"之意（houses falling into the water），B 用 sinking into the sea 蹭这个画面，但投票要做的是"搬走"，不是"想办法不让村子沉"——把背景威胁错当成投票内容。
借用原文：houses falling into the water
- C)原词陷阱录音后段确实谈到钱（because of the funding），C 用 get the funds 蹭这个词，但"资金"是录音里解释"为何搬不动"的内容，不是这次投票要决定的事，属把后文的钱搬到投票议题上。
借用原文：because of the funding
- D)原词陷阱录音确说搬迁起因是 global warming and rising sea levels，D 用 rising level of the seawater 蹭这个原因，但那是"为什么要搬"的背景，不是"投票决定做什么"；把起因当成了投票内容。
借用原文：global warming and rising sea levels
Why did Donna Barr say they wouldn't see the plan carried out any time soon?
为什么Donna Barr说他们不会很快看到该计划得以实施?
- A) 需要太长时间。
- B) 花费太多资金。
- C) 必须等待州政府的最终批准。
- D) 面临许多村民的强烈反对。
It will be costly financially to the community. "We don't see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding," Barr said.
这对社区来说在财务上代价高昂。巴尔说："由于资金问题，我们认为有生之年都看不到这次搬迁发生。"
because of 直陈原因。答案就藏在因果连词后面：because of the funding 用 because of 把"看不到搬迁发生"的原因直接点成"资金"，再加上前句 It will be costly financially，原因句的因果信号非常明确，听到 because of 后那个词就是答案。
- It will be costly financially to the communityIt costs too much money.costly financially 改写成 costs too much money
- because of the fundingIt costs too much money.funding 印证钱是障碍
- A)原词陷阱录音说"有生之年看不到"（in our lifetime）听着像"耗时长"，A 用 takes too long a time 蹭这个时间感，但 in our lifetime 是搬不成的"结果"而非"原因"，真正原因是钱（funding），不是时间。
借用原文：We don't see the move happening in our lifetime
- C)未提及录音从头到尾没提"州政府最终审批"，C 的 wait for the state's final approval 是靠"政府工程要审批"的常识脑补的；虽然录音里有 state（the state's mainland），但那指"州的大陆"，与"审批"无关。
- D)原词陷阱投票是 89 to 78，反对票确实不少，D 用 strong opposition from many villagers 蹭这个接近的票数，但录音明说搬不成是 because of the funding（资金），从未说是村民反对挡了路，把票数差错当成搬迁受阻的原因。
借用原文：in a vote of 89 to 78
A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them. The social experiment showed that 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude. "I didn't think we were going to get 99. I don't know why, but I was pleasantly surprised because it went beyond just 'thank you.' People got into conversations with us," said Steve Foran, CEO of Gratitude at Work. "What we know from research is that from grateful people come good things," he said. "A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors and so we went to six places and opened the doors for people." For the experiment, Foran's team went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location. "We did have one that didn't say thank you. We're not here to judge them because on any given day, that could be me or you. I suspect out of the 100 people, there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day, but grateful people make people grateful," said Foran.
加拿大Halifax的一名男子想要了解人们是否会对为他们开门的人表示感谢。这项社会实验表明,100人中有99人表达了感激之情。"我没想到会得到99个,'感恩职场'(Gratitude at Work)首席执行官Steve Foran说,'我不知道为什么,但我感到惊喜,因为人们的反应不仅仅是说声'谢谢',他们还和我们交谈。'他说:'研究表明,心怀感恩的人会带来美好的事物。'他说:'引发人们感恩之情的一个简单方法就是为他们开门,所以我们去了六个地方为人们开门。'在这项实验中,Foran的团队前往了一个购物中心、一个商场、两栋办公楼和一家咖啡店。在每个地点,他们每次为15到20人开门。'确实有一个人没有说谢谢。我们不是来评判他们的,因为在任何一天,那个人可能就是我或你。我估计在这100人中,可能有一些人正在经历糟糕的一天,但心怀感恩的人会让其他人也心怀感恩,'Foran说。
What is the purpose of the social experiment?
这项社会实验的目的是什么?
- A) 调查人们是否对帮助心存感激。
- B) 看人们是否会为陌生人扶门。
- C) 探索激发人们感恩之心的方法。
- D) 弄清人们如何表达感激之情。
A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.
加拿大哈利法克斯的一名男子,想弄清楚人们会不会因为有人为自己开门而心怀感激。
意图句 wanted to find out。录音开头 wanted to find out if people were thankful 用 wanted to find out(想弄清楚)直白交代做实验的意图,这种"想……/为了弄清……"的意图句就是目的题的答案落点。
- wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door openTo investigate whether people are grateful for help近义词整句替换
- B)原词陷阱B 盗用了录音反复出现的 opening doors 与 hold the door open 字眼,但开门只是实验"手段",不是"目的";题问 purpose,把手段当目的就答非所问了。
借用原文：A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors
- C)偷换概念C 来自 A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors,录音确实说了"诱发感激的方法",但那是说话人解释"为什么用开门",是手段的理由,不是这场实验本身要"查明"的目的;实验目的是看人们会不会感激,而非"探索诱发感激的方式"。
借用原文：A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors and so we went to six places
- D)偷换概念D 说目的是"查明人们如何表达感激"(how people express),但录音问的是人们"会不会"感激(if people were thankful),是"是否"而非"如何";把"是否感激"偷换成"如何表达",方向变了。
借用原文：wanted to find out if people were thankful
What did Steve Foran and his team do in the experiment?
Steve Foran和他的团队在实验中做了什么?
- A) 他们引导陌生人与他们交谈。
- B) 他们帮助了15到20个心情不好的人。
- C) 他们在不同地点为人们扶门。
- D) 他们采访了没有说谢谢的人。
For the experiment, Foran's team went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location.
为了这场实验,福兰的团队去了一家购物中心、一家商场、两栋办公楼和一家咖啡店。在每个地点,每次为 15 到 20 个人开门。
行动叙述句 went to…held。Foran's team went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop 加上 The door was held for 15 to 20 people,直接叙述团队的实际行动(去多处、开门),细节题答案就落在这种动作叙述句上。
- The door was held for 15 to 20 peopleThey held doors open for people被动转主动
- went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shopat various places列举概括成上位词
- A)原词陷阱A 说"诱使陌生人和他们交谈",看似呼应录音 People got into conversations with us,但录音是"人们(主动)和我们攀谈起来",并非团队"induce(诱使)"他们说话;把自然发生说成团队刻意为之,动作主体和性质都变了。
借用原文：People got into conversations with us
- B)原词陷阱B 把录音原数 15 to 20 people 和后文 having a bad day 拼到一起,说团队"帮了 15 到 20 个心情不好的人"。但 15 到 20 是"每次开门服务的人数",bad day 是说话人事后的猜测,两者本不相干,被强行黏成一句,与原意不符。
借用原文：The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time
- D)未提及D 说团队"采访了没道谢的人",借用录音 We did have one that didn't say thank you 的字眼,但录音只是说"有一个人没道谢",且明说 We're not here to judge them,根本没提"采访(interview)"这个动作,属无中生有。
借用原文：We did have one that didn't say thank you
What do we learn from the news report?
我们从这则新闻报道中了解到什么?
- A) 人们可以被教育得懂感恩。
- B) 大多数人会对帮助表达感激。
- C) 大多数人时不时会有糟糕的日子。
- D) 人们在心情不好时不懂感恩。
The social experiment showed that 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude.
这场社会实验显示,100 个人里有 99 个表达了感激。
核心数据 99 out of 100。The social experiment showed that 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude 用"实验显示"引出 99/100 这个核心结果数据,这种"实验/数据表明"的句子承载整篇结论,是结论题的落点。
- 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitudeMost people express gratitude for help具体比例概括为 most
- A)过度推断A 说"人可以被教育得懂感恩",像是从 induce gratitude in people(诱发感激)推来,但录音只说开门能"诱发"感激,没说人能"被教育(educated)"成感恩的人;从"诱发"跳到"教育"是多走了一步的推断。
借用原文：A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors
- C)原词陷阱C 说"大多数人时不时心情不好",借用录音 having a bad day 的字眼,但录音只是说"那个没道谢的人也许那天心情不好",是对"个别人"的猜测,不是整篇结论;把个别推测说成"大多数人"的普遍现象,以偏概全。
借用原文：there were probably a bunch of them having a bad day
- D)与原文相反D 说"人们心情不好时就不感激",但报道的结论恰恰相反——99/100 都感激了,说话人还强调 grateful people make people grateful;把"绝大多数会感激"反成"心情差就不感激",方向完全拧了。
借用原文：grateful people make people grateful
W: Rays Solar. Lisa's speaking. How can I help?
W: Rays Solar,我是Lisa。有什么可以帮您?
M: Hi, my name is Winston. I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.
M: 你好,我叫Winston。我想咨询一下太阳能板安装的事。
W: Yes. What would you like to know?
W: 好的。您想了解什么?
M: Well. My neighbor installed panels on his roof about a year ago in order to power his hot water. He tells me it has saved him over $500 thus far. Does that sound about right to you?
M: 嗯,我邻居大概一年前在他屋顶上装了太阳能板,用来给热水供电。他告诉我到目前为止已经省了500多美元。这听起来对吗?
W: Well. I'm not familiar with your neighbor or his particular setup, but that amount is definitely possible. I can tell you that the average four-bedroom house may typically have a roof with 50 square meters of surface area. Four panels on one side of that roof could save a family of four around $300 a year.
W: 嗯,我不了解您邻居的情况或他的具体配置,但这个金额是完全有可能的。我可以告诉您,一般四居室的房子屋顶表面积通常有50平方米。在屋顶一侧安装四块太阳能板,一个四口之家每年大约能省300美元。
M: OK. That sounds about right then. My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor's is bigger. I'm not sure how many panels he has up there, but he does have a large family of six.
M: 好的,那听起来差不多。我家大概是您说的那个大小,但我邻居家更大。我不确定他屋顶上装了多少块板,但他家有六口人,是个大家庭。
W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
W: 先生,您有兴趣在您的屋顶上安装太阳能板吗?
M: Yes, I'm considering it.
M: 是的,我在考虑。
W: If you wish to come into our office, we could show you the different solutions we offer.
W: 如果您愿意来我们办公室,我们可以向您展示我们提供的不同方案。
M: OK. I might do that. But just quickly, if you don't mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?
M: 好的,我可能会去。但如果您不介意的话,能不能快速告诉我大概的安装费用是多少,比如说四块板?
W: Prices do vary depending on different factors, but as a rough estimate, it's around $2,000. But you know a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.
W: 价格会因不同因素而有所变化,但粗略估计大约是2000美元。不过您知道,一般家庭大约五年就能收回最初的投资。
M: OK. I see. Thank you.
M: 好的,明白了。谢谢。
What is the man's purpose for calling the woman?
男士打电话给女士的目的是什么?
- A) 订购太阳能电池板安装服务。
- B) 报告他屋顶有严重漏水。
- C) 咨询太阳能电池板安装事宜。
- D) 投诉有问题的太阳能电池板。
Hi, my name is Winston. I wish to enquire about solar panel installations.
你好，我叫 Winston。我想咨询一下太阳能板的安装。
主动方自报来意句。对话一接通，主动打电话的人 Winston 用 I wish to enquire about solar panel installations 一句话交代来意——这种"自报家门 + 说明来意"的句子就是目的题的答案信号，不必再往后听。
- I wish to enquire about solar panel installationsTo enquire about solar panel installations.陈述句改不定式、近乎原句
- A)原词陷阱选项借了录音反复出现的 installation 一词造"To order…installation"，但 Winston 全程只说 I'm considering it"在考虑"，从没下单。听到 installation 就选 order 正中圈套。
借用原文：Yes, I'm considering it.
- B)未提及整段对话只谈咨询、省钱、价格，从未出现"漏水"或"报修"，report a serious leak 是凭空捏造，属预读时就该排除的反方向干扰。
- D)原词陷阱选项借 solar panels 一词造"complain about the faulty solar panels"，可 Winston 是潜在新客户、从无抱怨，faulty（有故障的）更是录音没有的。听到 solar panels 就选投诉是被原词牵着走。
借用原文：Yes, I'm considering it.
What do we learn about the man's neighbor from the conversation?
从对话中我们了解到关于男士邻居的什么信息?
- A) 他计划安装太阳能电池板。
- B) 他拥有一栋四居室房屋。
- C) 他每年节省300美元。
- D) 他有一个大家庭。
My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor's is bigger. I'm not sure how many panels he has up there, but he does have a large family of six.
我家差不多就是你说的那个大小，但我邻居家更大。我不确定他屋顶上装了几块板，不过他家确实是个六口之家的大家庭。
对比句后落在邻居身上。Winston 先把自家与邻居对比 my neighbor's is bigger，再用强调句 he does have a large family of six 点出邻居的确切信息——does 加重语气正是答案落点，明确这条事实属于"邻居"。
- he does have a large family of sixHe has a large family.具体"六口"概括成"大家庭"
- A)张冠李戴录音里"打算装板"的人是 Winston 本人 I'm considering it；邻居是"一年前已经装了"。把 Winston 的打算安到邻居头上，正是题干设的"问谁"陷阱。
借用原文：Yes, I'm considering it.
- B)原词陷阱four-bedroom 出自店员举例的 the average four-bedroom house，是泛指的平均房型，且 Winston 说邻居家"更大"，邻居并非四居室。盗用 four-bedroom 原词张冠李戴。
借用原文：the average four-bedroom house
- C)原词陷阱$300 出自店员的概算 save a family of four around \$300 a year，针对的是"四口之家"的假设；邻居省的是 over \$500。把 $300 套到邻居头上是数字张冠李戴。
借用原文：save a family of four around \$300 a year
What is one of the man's chief concerns?
男士主要关心的问题之一是什么?
- A) 太阳能电池板公司的服务。
- B) 太阳能电池板安装的费用。
- C) 太阳能电池板的维护。
- D) 太阳能电池板的质量。
But just quickly, if you don't mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?
不过，不介意的话，能不能快速告诉我，一套典型的安装大概要多少钱，比如说，四块板？
主动发问句问价格。Winston 用 could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs 主动开口追问"多少钱"——这种"他专门发问"的句子就是 chief concern 的落点，how much 直指费用。
- how much a typical installation costsThe cost of a solar panel installation.how much costs 名词化为 the cost
- A)原词陷阱店员说 we could show you the different solutions we offer 沾到"服务"，但那是店员的提议，Winston 并未就服务专门发问，不构成他的 chief concern。听到"提供方案"就选服务是被次要信息带偏。
借用原文：we could show you the different solutions we offer
- C)未提及对话从头到尾没出现 maintenance 或保养相关内容，是凭"装板会涉及维护"的常识脑补出来的干扰项，应排除。
- D)未提及录音没有谈"质量"，Winston 关心的是省钱与价钱，没就 quality 发问。该项同属凭常识脑补，未在对话出现。
How long will it take a typical household to make back the initial investment?
典型家庭需要多长时间收回初始投资?
- A) 一年半。
- B) 不到四年。
- C) 大约六年。
- D) 大约五年。
But you know a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years.
不过你知道，一个典型家庭大约在五年内就能收回这笔初始投资。
题干同词语境后的年数。店员说 a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years——"收回初始投资"的语境后面紧跟的年数 in about five years 就是答案信号，与题干 make back the initial investment 完全同框。
- in about five yearsAbout five years.about five years 近原词复现
- A)原词陷阱录音里 about a year ago 提到邻居一年前装板，选项把它扭成"一年半回本"，盗用"一年"这个数字却安错了语境，与回本无关。
借用原文：about a year ago
- B)未提及录音从未出现 four years 或"不到四年"的回本时长，是凭空捏造、又故意与正确的五年咬得很近来诱选，应排除。
- C)未提及录音只说回本约五年，并无"六年"，roughly six years 同属与正确答案接近的捏造数字，专钓没听准约数的考生。
M: Good afternoon. Sorry to have kept you waiting. How can I help you?
M: 下午好。抱歉让您久等了。有什么可以帮您的吗？
W: Oh, no problem. I'm interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.
W: 哦，没关系。我想预订去澳大利亚的假期，想了解一下你们有什么优惠套餐。
M: Sure. Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday with everything included?
M: 当然。您只是想订机票，还是想要包含所有服务的套餐假期？
W: When you say "everything," what do you mean?
W: 您说的"所有服务"是指什么？
M: Well, a package holiday would include your flights, hotels, meals, day trips to different places of interest and transport to and from the airport.
M: 嗯，套餐假期会包括您的机票、酒店、餐食、去各个景点的一日游以及机场往返接送。
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. I'm going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of. So, what sort of deals do you have for package holidays then?
W: 是的，听起来很不错。我要和家人一起去，所以如果一切都安排好了就太好了。那么，套餐假期有什么优惠呢？
M: All sorts, really. How long do you want to go for and what dates?
M: 各种各样的都有。您想去多长时间，什么日期？
W: Two weeks around Christmas time would be great.
W: 圣诞节前后两周就很好。
M: Okay, let me check that for you. Here's one, 14 nights in southeastern Australia. Five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne, and then for the other four nights you can choose from a list of trips to other places nearby. You could visit Canberra, for example, or the Blue Mountains, or you could go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road. Also, if you're interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
M: 好的，让我给您查一下。这有一个，在澳大利亚东南部住14晚。在悉尼住5晚，在墨尔本住5晚，然后剩下的4晚您可以从附近其他地方的行程清单中选择。比如您可以去堪培拉，或者蓝山，或者沿着大洋路自驾游。另外，如果您对葡萄酒感兴趣，还可以去参观葡萄种植和酿酒的地方。
W: That sounds great. It's good we can choose some activities ourselves.
W: 听起来很棒。我们能自己选择一些活动真不错。
Where is the conversation taking place?
对话发生在哪里?
- A) 在旅行社。
- B) 在澳大利亚的机场。
- C) 在航空公司中转服务处。
- D) 在当地交通管理局。
W: Oh, no problem. I'm interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.
女：哦，没关系。我想订一趟去澳大利亚的度假行程，想问问你们都有什么优惠套餐。
业务内容暴露场景。答案句不报地名，而靠业务定场景：女士说 booking a holiday to Australia 又问 what deals you have，加上第 3 段男士问 Are you only looking for flights or a package holiday——"订度假行程/卖套餐"这套业务只可能发生在旅行社。
- booking a holiday to AustraliaAt a travel agency办的业务对应办事机构
- B)原词陷阱选项 At an Australian airport. 盗用了录音里的 Australia 一词，但澳大利亚只是"要去的目的地"，对话此刻发生在出发地的旅行社，并非身处澳洲机场——听到 Australia 就选机场即中招。
借用原文：a holiday to Australia
- C)原词陷阱选项 At an airline transfer service. 靠录音里的 flights 制造联想，但对话谈的是订整套度假产品，不是单纯办转机；录音从没提转机服务，属由原词外推过头。
借用原文：only looking for flights
- D)未提及选项 At a local transportation authority. 在录音中找不到任何对应，对话从头到尾是订旅游套餐，与地方交通管理部门毫无关系，属凭"transport"一词硬凑。
Why is the woman interested in package holidays?
女士为什么对跟团游感兴趣?
- A) 她能够游览更多景点。
- B) 她想尽可能多地省钱。
- C) 她希望一切都有人安排妥当。
- D) 她想和家人度过更多时间。
W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. I'm going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of.
女：是的，那听起来挺不错的。我是和家人一起去，所以要是一切都能被安排妥当就好了。
因果 so 引出真实理由。答案落在因果词 so 之后：女士先说和家人同行，紧接 so it would be nice to have everything taken care of——so 后面这句才是她偏好套餐的真正原因，正是被问者亲口给出的应答。
- it would be nice to have everything taken care ofShe would like to have everything taken care of委婉愿望换成直陈愿望
- A)张冠李戴选项 She would be able to visit more scenic spots. 靠录音里男士提的 day trips to different places of interest 制造联想，但那是男士介绍套餐含什么、不是女士给的理由；女士的理由是"省心"，不是"多看景点"。
借用原文：day trips to different places of interest
- B)未提及选项 She wanted to save as much money as possible. 听着是订套餐的常见动机，但录音里女士全程没提钱、没提省钱，这是凭常识脑补出来的理由，原文无据。
- D)原词陷阱选项 She wanted to spend more time with her family. 盗用了女士说的 I'm going with my family，但"和家人一起去"只是事实背景、是"想省心"的前提，并非她偏好套餐的理由本身——听到 family 就选即中招。
借用原文：I'm going with my family
How long does the woman want to go for the holiday?
女士想去度假多长时间?
- A) 四天。
- B) 五天。
- C) 一周。
- D) 两周。
被问者对时长的直接应答。第 7 段男士问 How long do you want to go for and what dates?，女士第 8 段直接答 Two weeks around Christmas time——这是被问者对"去多久"的正面回答，答案就落在回答方这句，不在后面男士报行程的数字里。
- Two weeksTwo weeks时长原词直接对应
- A)原词陷阱选项 Four days. 盗用男士报行程时的 the other four nights，但那是 14 晚里"自选行程"的四晚，是其中一段、不是总时长；听到 four 就选即落入数字陷阱。
借用原文：the other four nights
- B)原词陷阱选项 Five days. 盗用 Five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne 里的 five，但那是悉尼、墨尔本各住五晚的分段天数，与女士想去的两周总时长无关。
借用原文：five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne
- C)未提及选项 One week. 录音并未念出"一周"，它靠 14 nights 让人误折算/误记；女士明确说的是两周，one week 既非原话也非她的意思。
What does the woman say she likes about the holiday package?
女士说她喜欢这个度假套餐的什么?
- A) 自己选择一些活动。
- B) 与澳大利亚人一起过圣诞节。
- C) 沿着大洋路自驾。
- D) 更多地了解葡萄酒酿造。
W: That sounds great. It's good we can choose some activities ourselves.
女：那听起来太棒了。我们能自己挑一些活动，这点很好。
表态句 It's good… 点出喜好。答案落在女士的点赞句：It's good we can choose some activities ourselves——It’s good 是明确的正面表态信号，她真正说喜欢的就是"能自己挑活动"这一点，而非前一段男士罗列的各项活动。
- we can choose some activities ourselvesChoosing some activities herselfwe…ourselves 概括为 herself
- B)原词陷阱选项 Spending Christmas with Australians. 借录音里的 Christmas time 制造联想，但女士只说圣诞前后去两周，从没说要和澳洲人一起过圣诞，是把时间点过度引申成活动。
借用原文：Two weeks around Christmas time
- C)原词陷阱选项 Driving along the Great Ocean Road. 几乎原样盗用男士介绍的 go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road，但那是男士罗列的可选活动之一、不是女士说她喜欢的；她喜欢的是"能自己挑"这件事本身。
借用原文：go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road
- D)原词陷阱选项 Learning more about wine making. 盗用男士说的 make wine/葡萄酒之旅，同样是清单里的一项可选活动，女士没说喜欢酿酒，她点赞的是"能自己选"。
借用原文：if you're interested in wine, you could go on a tour
Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per-person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax, which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island's natural environment, and with good reason, too. Indonesia is drowning in plastics. Recycling is not one of the country's strong points. It's not uncommon to be offered many more plastic bags than one could ever need when visiting supermarkets and shopping malls. But, slowly, things are starting to change for the better. Back in 2016, the medium-sized city of Banjarmasin banned single-use plastic bags. The city of Bogor followed suit in 2018. A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island. The regulation will come into full effect next month. "We received a fast and quick response from the Balinese people. Not only positive responses from the Balinese, we received good responses from the central government, other local governments and even from overseas." Koster told the Sydney Morning Herald this week during an interview. The governor is a determined environmentalist and he has more laws planned to protect the island's waterways, in particular, and to support the introduction of electric vehicles too.
明年起，前往印度尼西亚Bali岛度假的游客抵达这个度假岛屿时将面临每人14美元的新税费。但这是一项绿色税收，Bali省长Wayan Koster为此已经筹备了数月，旨在帮助清理该岛的自然环境，而且理由充分。印度尼西亚正被塑料淹没。回收利用并非该国的强项。在超市和购物中心购物时，被提供的塑料袋数量远超实际需要的情况并不罕见。但情况正在慢慢好转。早在2016年，中等规模城市Banjarmasin就禁止了一次性塑料袋。Bogor市于2018年效仿。几个月前,Koster宣布了一项计划,不仅要在超市和便利店禁止一次性塑料袋,还要在全岛范围内禁止塑料袋和吸管。该法规将于下月全面生效。"我们收到了Bali人民快速而迅捷的回应。不仅有来自Bali人的积极反馈,我们还收到了中央政府、其他地方政府甚至海外的良好反馈。"Koster本周在接受《悉尼先驱晨报》采访时表示。这位省长是一位坚定的环保主义者,他还计划制定更多法律来保护该岛的水域,特别是支持引入电动汽车。
What would tourists have to do when they visit Indonesia's Bali Island?
游客在访问印度尼西亚的巴厘岛时必须做什么?
- A) 购物时自带购物袋。
- B) 旅行时使用公共交通。
- C) 妥善处理自己的垃圾。
- D) 抵达时缴纳绿色税。
Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per-person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax.
到印尼巴厘岛度假的游客，从明年起抵达这座度假岛屿时将面临一项每人 14 美元的新税。不过这是一项绿色税（环保税）。
录音开头点题句。篇章独白往往开头第一句就把核心事实抛出来，本篇正是如此：Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new \$14-per-person tax when they arrive，紧接着 But this is a green tax 点明这税的性质。开篇就出现"游客 + 抵达 + 交税"，正对题干所问，是答案句。
- facing a new \$14-per-person tax when they arrivePay a green tax upon arrival面临交税=要交税
- A)原词陷阱选项 Bring their own bags when shopping. 看似很环保、很合理，但原文从未要求游客购物自带袋；它只是利用 bags 这个全篇反复出现的词来诱你"听到 bags 就选"，属于答非所问。
借用原文：ban single-use plastic bags
- B)未提及选项 Use public transport when traveling. 在原文里完全没有对应内容，原文末尾提到的是 electric vehicles（电动车），与坐公共交通不是一回事，属于未提及。
- C)答非所问选项 Dispose of their trash properly. 同样听起来很"环保正确"，但原文谈的是政府层面的征税、禁塑、清理环境（clean up the island's natural environment），并没有要求游客自己妥善处理垃圾，属答非所问。
借用原文：clean up the island's natural environment
What does the passage say about Indonesia?
文章关于印度尼西亚说了什么?
- A) 它在回收利用方面做得不好。
- B) 它目睹了意外溺水事件的增加。
- C) 近年来它没有吸引很多游客。
- D) 它经历了空气质量的整体下降。
Indonesia is drowning in plastics. Recycling is not one of the country's strong points.
印尼正被塑料垃圾淹没。回收并不是这个国家的强项。
对象名+负面定性句。录音里一出现题干对象 Indonesia is drowning in plastics，紧接的 Recycling is not one of the country's strong points 就给出对印尼的明确评价——回收不是强项。带 not one of…strong points 的否定定性句，正是承载答案的信号句。
- Recycling is not one of the country's strong pointsnot been doing a good job in recycling回收非强项=回收做得不好
- B)原词陷阱选项 It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning. 盗用了原文 Indonesia is drowning in plastics 里的 drowning。原文 drowning in plastics 是"被塑料淹没"的比喻，与真人溺水（accidental drowning）毫无关系，是典型听到原词就上当的陷阱。
借用原文：Indonesia is drowning in plastics
- C)原词陷阱选项 It has not attracted many tourists in recent years. 虽然原文确有 tourists 一词（Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali），但原文只说游客来度假、要交税，从未说近年游客变少，属未提及。
借用原文：Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali
- D)未提及选项 It has experienced an overall decline in air quality. 讲空气质量下降，但全篇只谈塑料、回收、水道（protect the island's waterways），从头到尾没提空气，属未提及。
What is the new plan Governor Koster recently announced?
Koster省长最近宣布的新计划是什么?
- A) 对超市里的塑料产品收取小额费用。
- B) 禁止在巴厘岛使用一次性塑料袋和吸管。
- C) 推广使用纸袋购物。
- D) 对任何被抓到乱扔垃圾的人处以罚款。
A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island.
几个月前，Koster 宣布了一项计划，不仅要禁止超市和便利店里的一次性塑料袋，还要禁止全岛范围内的塑料袋和吸管。
announced a plan标志句。题干问 new plan…announced，录音里 Koster announced a plan 就是对应的标志句；其后 not only…but…结构 ban single-use plastic bags…but plastic bags and straws across the island 把计划内容铺开。听到 announced a plan 就该锁定这句。
- ban single-use plastic bags…but plastic bags and straws across the islandban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island全岛禁塑袋吸管=岛上禁
- A)原词陷阱选项 To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets. 借了原文 supermarkets 一词（ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores），但新计划是 ban（禁用）不是 charge a fee（收费），把治理动词偷换了，是收费 vs 禁用的细微差别陷阱。
借用原文：ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores
- C)未提及选项 To promote the use of paper bags for shopping. 用了和 bags、shopping 同主题的词，但原文只字未提推广纸袋，新计划是禁塑而非倡导用纸袋，属未提及。
- D)答非所问选项 To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering. 是另一种治理手段（罚乱扔垃圾），原文虽提到 Koster 还有别的护水道、推电动车的法规（he has more laws planned），但本题问的"最近宣布的这项新计划"是禁塑，不是罚乱扔，属答非所问。
借用原文：he has more laws planned
An endangered species of whale is experiencing a small-baby boom off the coast of America. The North Atlantic right whale is one of the rarest species of whale on the planet, numbering only about 411. But the Center for Coastal Studies said Friday that its aerial survey team spotted a mum with two babies in Cape Cod Bay a day earlier. That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That's big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year. The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years. This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin. Over-hunting could lead to the disappearance of the whale population, possibly causing major problems to the global food chain. The whales give birth off the Southeast Coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast in the early spring. The Northeast Coast is a critically important source of food. The animals often feed close to shore. This provides watchers on land with "unbeatable views of one of the rarest of marine mammals." It's illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit, so whale watchers are discouraged from attempting to get close to the whales.
一种濒危鲸鱼物种正在美国海岸附近经历一次小规模的婴儿潮。北大西洋露脊鲸是地球上最稀有的鲸鱼物种之一,数量仅约411头。但海岸研究中心周五表示,其空中调查团队前一天在科德角湾发现了一头母鲸和两头幼鲸。这使得今年仅在附近水域发现的幼鲸数量达到三头。这是个重大消息,因为鲸鱼数量一直在下降,而去年没有发现任何幼鲸。到目前为止,今年总共发现了七头幼鲸。近年来,由于商业捕鲸活动,鲸鱼数量已变得濒危。这是因为它们有时会因肉或皮被猎捕。过度捕猎可能导致鲸鱼种群消失,可能对全球食物链造成重大问题。这些鲸鱼在冬季于美国东南海岸产仔,并在早春前往东北海岸的觅食地。东北海岸是极其重要的食物来源。这些动物经常在近岸觅食。这为陆地上的观察者提供了'观赏这种最稀有海洋哺乳动物之一的绝佳视野'。未经联邦研究许可,靠近这些动物1500英尺以内是违法的,因此不鼓励观鲸者试图接近这些鲸鱼。
What do we learn from the passage about the North Atlantic right whale?
从文章中我们对北大西洋露脊鲸了解到什么?
- A) 它一次产下几头幼崽。
- B) 它是受保护程度最低的哺乳动物物种。
- C) 它的繁殖地现在得到了更好的保护。
- D) 它的种群数量现在显示出增长的迹象。
That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That's big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year.
这使得仅在附近水域今年看到的（幼鲸）数量达到了三头。这是个大新闻，因为此前鲸鱼数量一直在下降、去年一头幼鲸都没见到。算下来，今年到目前已经发现了七头幼鲸。
big news 加数字对比。信号是强调性短语加前后数字对比：原文说 That's big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year，用 big news（大新闻）点出这是个值得注意的转好，再用"去年一头幼鲸都没有"对比"今年发现七头"，正面变化被强调出来——被加重语气和数字对比点亮的这句就是答案句。
- seven baby whales have been spotted so far this yearpopulation is now showing signs of increase具体数字概括为数量回升
- A)过度推断原文提到一头母鲸带着 a mum with two babies（一只母鲸带两个幼崽），听到 two babies 容易让人以为"一次生好几个"，但"带着两个幼崽"不等于"一胎产数仔"，原文没说生育方式，属于把零散信息脑补成 A 项。
借用原文：a mum with two babies
- B)原词陷阱原文确实多次提到保护/濒危（如下文讲"靠近它们是非法的"），It is the least protected mammal species. 借"保护"这个话题词来诱选，但原文从没说它是"最不受保护的"哺乳动物，least（最不）这个极端程度是选项自己加的，与原文不符。
借用原文：It's illegal to get within 1,500 feet of the animals without a federal research permit
- C)原词陷阱原文提到鲸鱼在东南海岸 give birth off the Southeast Coast of America（繁殖产崽），It's breeding grounds are now better preserved. 借"繁殖地"这个话题词诱选，但原文只说它在哪里繁殖、迁去哪里觅食，从没说"繁殖地被更好地保护了"，better preserved 是无中生有。
借用原文：The whales give birth off the Southeast Coast of America in the winter
What has caused the decline of the whale population in recent years?
是什么导致了近年来鲸鱼种群数量的下降?
- A) 全球变暖。
- B) 海水污染。
- C) 商业捕猎。
- D) 出生率下降。
The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years. This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin.
近年来，由于商业捕鲸活动，鲸鱼种群已变得濒危。这是因为它们有时会因肉或皮而遭到猎杀。
因果信号 due to 加 because。信号是连续两个因果标志：原文 has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities 用 due to（由于）直接给出原因，紧接着 This is because they are sometimes hunted 又用 because 进一步解释——因果信号词扎堆出现的这句，就是原因题的答案句。
- due to commercial whaling activitiesCommercial hunting捕鲸等于商业猎杀
- A)未提及Global warming. 全球变暖是动物濒危话题里最"想当然"的原因，但通篇原文只字未提变暖，它是利用考生常识设的坑——凭"濒危动物多半是因为气候"的惯性去选，正好中招。
- B)未提及Polluted seawaters. 海水污染同样是海洋动物受害的"标准答案式"原因，听上去合理，但原文从头到尾没有提到污染，是又一个用常识诱选、原文无据的干扰。
- D)原词陷阱原文提过 no baby whales were seen last year（去年没见到幼鲸），Decreasing birthrates. 出生率下降借这点诱选，但原文是把数量下降归因于商业捕鲸，从没说"出生率下降"是原因；"去年没见到幼鲸"是数量下降的表现，不是题目问的原因，属于因果错位。
借用原文：no baby whales were seen last year
Why do the whales travel to the Northeast Coast of America in the early spring?
为什么鲸鱼在早春时节前往美国东北海岸?
- A) 交配。
- B) 寻找食物。
- C) 逃避捕猎者。
- D) 寻找繁殖地。
The whales give birth off the Southeast Coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast in the early spring. The Northeast Coast is a critically important source of food.
鲸鱼冬天在美国东南海岸产崽，早春则迁往东北海岸的觅食区。东北海岸是一处极其重要的食物来源。
feeding grounds 加 source of food。信号是"动作去某地 + 紧接的解释"：原文先说 travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast（迁往东北海岸的觅食区），下一句又补 The Northeast Coast is a critically important source of food（东北海岸是极重要的食物来源），两处 feeding/food 反复点出目的就是觅食——这就是目的题的答案落点。
- travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast CoastTo look for food觅食区即为找食物
- A)张冠李戴原文确实提到鲸鱼 give birth off the Southeast Coast（在东南海岸产崽），To mate. 交配借这点诱选，但产崽/交配发生在东南海岸的冬天，而题目问的是早春迁往东北海岸的目的，地点和季节都对不上，属于张冠李戴。
借用原文：give birth off the Southeast Coast of America in the winter
- C)原词陷阱原文多处提到 hunt/hunters（如 hunted for their meat、whale watchers），To escape hunters. 躲避猎人借这个反复出现的耳熟词诱选，但原文从没说鲸鱼迁往东北海岸是为了躲猎人，迁徙目的明明白白是觅食，hunters 只是别处话题，与本题目的无关。
借用原文：they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin
- D)偷换概念原文提到鲸鱼在东南海岸产崽繁殖，To seek breeding grounds. 寻找繁殖地借"繁殖"这一话题词诱选，但繁殖是在东南海岸、冬天的事，迁往东北海岸是为了 feeding grounds（觅食区）而非 breeding grounds（繁殖地），选项把"觅食"偷换成了"繁殖"。
借用原文：travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast
An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year, but 40% of that is poured onto cereal. And 60% of those people are children. But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s. And in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years. Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light. A recent blog suggested maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and dairy products. It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach. However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don't continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose. Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn't full of calories. You can test yourself by drinking a large glass of milk. If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking in the proteins to digest milk.
一个普通人每年消费144品脱牛奶，但其中40%被倒在麦片上。而这些人中60%是儿童。但曾经被宣传为营养食品的牛奶正变得不受欢迎。美国人喝的牛奶比20世纪70年代少了37%。而在英国，过去20年乳制品消费总体下降了三分之一。牛奶越来越多地被负面描述。最近一篇博客文章提出，也许人们喝更少牛奶是因为它对我们许多人来说有毒。乳糖是牛奶和乳制品中发现的糖。它需要一系列复杂的蛋白质来分解它。如果没有足够的这些蛋白质，乳糖会被人体内的细菌分解。这可能导致身体疼痛并在胃中产生气体。然而，在我们断奶或停止配方奶喂养后，我们大多数人不再继续在体内产生分解乳糖所必需的复杂蛋白质。尽管消化牛奶存在问题，它确实提供许多益处。牛奶有营养。它含有维生素A和D，以及蛋白质，并且不含大量卡路里。你可以通过喝一大杯牛奶来测试自己。如果你在接下来的24小时内胃部不适，你就缺乏消化牛奶的蛋白质。
What does the passage say about Americans?
这篇文章关于美国人说了什么?
- A) 他们更喜欢喝低脂牛奶。
- B) 他们认为牛奶有益健康。
- C) 他们如今消耗的牛奶更少了。
- D) 他们购买的牛奶比英国人多。
对象名+数字下降，直接应答句。这句以 Americans 开头直接讲美国人，又带具体数字 37% less milk，是对 What about Americans 的直接事实陈述，数字 + 比较（than they did in the 1970s）就是答案信号。
- Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970sThey consume less milk these daysdrink less=consume less，把具体数字概括为更少
- A)未提及prefer to drink low-fat milk 里的 low-fat（低脂）在录音中根本没出现，是凭对牛奶的常识臆造的好听说法。
- B)与原文相反think milk is good for health 看似呼应原文 what was once advertised as nutritious，但原文紧接着说 is becoming unpopular，即如今观念已转向负面，选项却说成正面看法，正话反说。
借用原文：but what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular
- D)张冠李戴buy more milk than the British 盗用原文出现过的 in the UK（英国），但原文只是分别说美国和英国的消费都在下降，从未把两国相比、更没说美国买得更多，属张冠李戴式的虚构比较。
借用原文：and in the UK, dairy consumption overall has fallen by a third in the past 20 years
How do Americans and British people think of milk nowadays?
美国人和英国人现在如何看待牛奶?
- A) 它不像曾经认为的那样健康。
- B) 它不容易长时间保持新鲜。
- C) 它对老年人更有益。
- D) 它往往使人发胖。
But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. ... Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light.
但曾经被宣传为有营养的牛奶，如今正变得不受欢迎。……牛奶正越来越多地被以负面的方式描述。
转折 But 与 negative 定调。But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular 由转折词 But 引出当下态度，再由 increasingly being described in a negative light 用 negative 把如今的看法定调为负面——转折后 + 负面评价词就是态度题的答案信号。
- what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopularIt is not as healthy as once thought曾被当营养、如今转负=不如以前以为的健康
- B)未提及not easy to stay fresh for long 谈牛奶保鲜，录音通篇讲营养、消化与态度，从未提保鲜，属凭生活常识硬塞的内容。
- C)未提及benefits the elderly more 说更利老人，录音只在后半提到牛奶有营养、有益处，从没说对老人益处更大，属无中生有的程度拔高。
- D)与原文相反tends to make people fat 迎合喝奶会胖的常识，但原文后半明确说 isn't full of calories（热量并不高），与发胖说法相反。
借用原文：isn't full of calories
Why does drinking milk cause pain in some people?
为什么喝牛奶会导致某些人疼痛?
- A) 他们每天喝太多品脱的牛奶。
- B) 他们对某些矿物质敏感。
- C) 他们缺乏消化牛奶所需的蛋白质。
- D) 他们吃了与牛奶不相容的食物。
It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach.
乳糖需要一系列复杂的蛋白质来分解它。如果这些蛋白质不够，乳糖就会被人体内的细菌分解，这会引起身体疼痛并在胃里产生气体。
Without enough proteins…cause pain 的因果链。Without enough of these proteins 引出缺蛋白质这一条件，紧接 This can cause physical pain 给出疼痛后果——缺蛋白质→疼痛的因果链就是答案信号。
- Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteriaThey lack the necessary proteins to digest itwithout enough proteins=lack the necessary proteins
- A)原词陷阱drink too many pints every day 盗用原文开头的 144 pints of milk a year 里的 pints，但那只是讲平均消费量，原文从没说喝太多导致疼痛，属答非所问。
借用原文：An average person consumes 144 pints of milk a year
- B)偷换概念sensitive to certain minerals 把原文真正的关键词 proteins（蛋白质）偷换成 minerals（矿物质），原文谈的是缺蛋白质，与对矿物质敏感无关。
借用原文：It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down
- D)未提及eaten food incompatible with milk 说吃了与牛奶相克的食物，录音只讲缺蛋白质、细菌分解乳糖，从未提食物相克，属凭民间说法臆造。
What does the passage say is a benefit of milk?
这篇文章说牛奶有什么好处?
- A) 病人更容易消化它。
- B) 它提供一些必需的营养素。
- C) 它比其他动物产品更健康。
- D) 它为身体提供足够的卡路里。
Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn't full of calories.
尽管牛奶存在消化方面的问题，它确实提供许多益处。牛奶很有营养，含有维生素 A 和 D 以及蛋白质，而且热量并不高。
Despite 转回好处，benefits/nutritious 定调。Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits 用 Despite 把话题从缺点转回好处，再以 Milk is nutritious 和列举的维生素、蛋白质点明营养——转折回正面 + benefits/nutritious 就是答案信号。
- Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as proteinIt provides some necessary nutrients列举的维生素蛋白质=概括的 necessary nutrients
- A)原词陷阱easier for sick people to digest 盗用原文结尾的 If you get sick in your stomach 里的 sick 和前文的 digest，但原文是说不舒服可自测缺蛋白质，从没说牛奶更易被病人消化，属答非所问。
借用原文：If you get sick in your stomach within the next 24 hours, you are lacking in the proteins to digest milk
- C)未提及healthier than other animal products 拿牛奶与其他动物制品比，录音只说牛奶本身有营养，从没和其他动物制品作比较，属无中生有的比较。
- D)与原文相反supplies the body with enough calories 盗用原文的 calories，但原文说的是 isn't full of calories（热量并不高），选项却说提供足够热量，把否定改成了肯定，与原文相反。
借用原文：isn't full of calories
20 句真题句逐层精讲
下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。
- He ran outside but the customer was gone.
简单的并列句在各类考试中常见，"but" 引导的转折并列也是高频句式。但本句过于简短、结构过于基础，缺少从句或复杂修饰，作为考试真题的代表性一般。
- The waiter, who's working his way through school, did accept the customer's apology and gratitude and said he was happy to have helped her.
主干识别有一定难度但不至于极难，分句嵌套清晰，时态组合适中，成分丰富且含典型易错点，结构具有较强代表性，综合来看是值得优先练习的句子。
- The move is due to global warming and rising sea levels.
主系表结构在考试中常见，due to 表原因的用法也较典型，但整体句式过于简单，不足以代表四六级或考研中常考的复杂句式。
- Why did Donna Barr say they wouldn't see the plan carried out any time soon?
本句涵盖主语、谓语、宾语、宾语从句、宾语补足语、时间状语、原因状语等多种成分，成分较为丰富。特别是宾语从句内部的see加宾语加宾补结构（see the plan carried out）是常考且易混淆的句型，适合练习划分宾语和宾补的区别，训练价值较高。
- It takes too long a time.
"It takes + 时间" 是四六级常考基础句型,但本句缺少不定式真正主语(如 "to do sth"),仅展示了句型的半个框架,代表性中等;"too + 形容词 + a + 名词" 语序在真题中偶有出现,可作辅助练习。
- A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them.
"想要了解某事" 的句式（want to find out + 宾语从句）在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，属于典型的复合句结构。宾语从句由 "if" 引导，表示不确定的内容，这种用法在真题中频繁出现。句式具有较高的代表性和复用价值。
- My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor's is bigger.
并列句加定语从句是四六级和考研阅读中的常见结构，关系代词省略也是高频考点，掌握后可以复用到大量类似句子的分析中。
- W: Are you interested in installing some solar panels on your roof, sir?
"be interested in + 动名词" 是日常交际和考试中常见的表达方式，疑问句倒装也是基础句型，具有一定代表性，但结构过于简单，不如复合句或长难句那样高频出现在阅读理解或完形填空的考点中。
- I'm interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have.
并列句加宾语从句嵌套、情态动词表达委婉请求、wonder if 和 tell me what 的搭配，都是四六级和考研真题中高频出现的句式，典型性强，掌握后可大量复用。
- Also, if you're interested in wine, you could go on a tour of the places where they grow grapes and make wine.
条件状语从句 + 主句 + 定语从句的组合是考试阅读中的高频结构，情态动词表建议也是常考句式；定语从句修饰介词宾语的位置安排、并列谓语的处理都具有较强的迁移性，掌握后可复用于大量类似句子。
- She wanted to save as much money as possible.
主谓宾结构 + 不定式作宾语是常见句式，在考试中频繁出现。句中的 "as...as possible" 结构也是典型的比较结构。具有一定代表性，但整体过于简单，难以覆盖更复杂的常考句式特征。
- She would like to have everything taken care of.
"would like to do" 是四六级和考研阅读中常见的表达意愿的句式，"have + 宾语 + 过去分词" 的使役被动结构也是高频考点。本句结构简洁且具有代表性，掌握后可迁移到大量类似表达中
- But this is a green tax, which Bali Governor Wayan Koster has been working on for months, and which is designed to help clean up the island's natural environment, and with good reason, too.
句子涵盖主系表结构、非限制性定语从句、时间状语、目的状语、方式状语等多种成分,且"which"在两个从句中分别充当宾语和主语,有助于练习关系代词的成分判断。现在完成进行时和被动语态的出现也增加了时态语态练习价值。
- That's big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year.
"主句 + because 引导的原因状语从句" 是四六级和考研阅读中的高频句式，具有很强的代表性。从句内部的并列结构（"A, and B"）以及被动语态的使用也是真题常见考点。掌握本句的分析方法后，可以迁移到大量类似的因果解释型句子中。
- This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin.
"This is because..." 引导原因状语从句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，用于解释原因或结果。被动语态在学术和新闻语境中也是高频句式。掌握此类结构后，可迁移到大量类似句子，具有一定的典型性和实用性。
- A recent blog suggested maybe people are drinking less milk because it is poisonous to many of us.
主句 + 宾语从句 + 状语从句的两层嵌套结构是考试常见句式，且宾语从句省略 that 引导词、状语从句用 because 引导都是高频考点。掌握该结构对理解同类长句有较强迁移价值。
- It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down.
主谓宾加不定式目的状语的结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，尤其是科技、医学类文本中常用不定式表目的，具有一定代表性和迁移价值，但整体结构过于简单、未涉及从句或复杂修饰，典型性中等。
- Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body.
被动语态在科技说明文和学术文章中非常常见,本句 "介词短语状语 + 被动语态主句" 的结构是四六级和考研阅读中的典型句式,掌握后可大量复用,具有较高的代表性。
- However, after we have finished breast or formula feeding, most of us don't continue producing the complex proteins in our body, which are necessary to break down the lactose.
本句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为典型：主句前置时间状语从句、主句后接非限制性定语从句补充说明，这是学术文本和科普文章中常见的句式。时间状语从句用现在完成时表示"已完成的动作对现在的影响"，非限制性定语从句用于解释说明名词，这两种结构在考试中频繁出现。掌握这类句式后，学生可以迁移到大量类似的长难句分析中，具有较高的典型性和实用性。
- It is not easy to stay fresh for long.
"It is + 形容词 + to do" 句式是四六级和考研阅读、写作中的高频结构，用于表达对某件事的评价或客观判断。掌握这一句式后，可以直接迁移到大量类似表达（如 It is important/difficult/necessary to do 等），实用性和代表性都很强。
本卷出现的 170 个英语四级真题高频词
下列单词既在本卷录音原文中出现，又是 英语四级 历年真题的高频词（在该考试真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8）。每个词标注本卷 出现次数与该考试真题句频，点击可查看该词的释义、音标、词形与真题例句。
- panelB1n. 专家小组
- wouldA1aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会
- solarB2adj. 太阳的
- waiterA2n. （餐厅的）服务员，侍者
- gratitudeB2n. 感激
- proteinB1n. 蛋白质
- customerA2n. 顾客，客户
- gratefulB1adj. 感激的
- lessA1det. 较少的
- interestedA1adj. 感兴趣的
- voteB1n. 投票
- benefitB1n. 好处
- productA2n. 产品
- declineB2v. 下降
- dueB1adj. 预期的
- speciesB2n. 物种
- taxA2n. 税
- responseB1n. 回答
- spotA2n. 地点
- banB2v. 禁止
- installB1v. 安装（设备、软件）
- typicalB1adj. 典型的
- governorB2n. 州长
- induceC1v. 诱导
- localA2adj. 当地的
- lackB1v. 缺少
- qualityA2n. 质量
- averageA2adj. 平均的
- leastA2det. 最少的
- globalB2adj. 全球的
- calorieB1n. 卡路里，热量单位
- consumeB2v. 消耗，耗费（燃料、能源、时间等）
- containB1v. 包含，含有
- overallB1adj. 总体的
- particularB2adj. 特定的
- flightA2n. 航班
- householdB1n. 家庭
- rareB1adj. 稀有的
- estimateB2v. 估计
- complexB2adj. 复杂的，难懂的
- painA2n. 疼痛
- announceB1v. 宣布
- investmentB1n. 投资
- transportB1v. 运输，运送
- moodA2n. 心情
- shockB1n. 震惊
- recyclingB1n. 回收利用
- endangeredB2adj. 濒危的
- initialB1adj. 最初的
- mallB1n. 购物中心
- mammalB1n. 哺乳动物
- effectA2n. 影响
- betterA1adj. 更好的（good 的比较级）
- tendB1v. 倾向于，往往会
- designB1n. 设计
- millionA2num. 一百万
- supportA2v. 支持
- physicalB1adj. 身体的
- amountA2n. 数量
- viewA2n. 观点，看法
- communityB1n. 社区
- concernB1v. 涉及
- signA1n. 标志
- factorB1n. 因素
- majorB1adj. 主要的
- laterA1adv. 以后，later
- sufferB1v. 遭受（痛苦、疾病、损失等）
- positiveB1adj. 积极的
- residentB2n. 居民
- climateB1n. 气候
- powerA2n. 权力
- negativeB1adj. 否定的
- seekB1v. 寻找
- increasinglyB2adv. 越来越;日益;不断增加地
- variousB1adj. 各种各样的
- sourceB1n. 来源
- recentlyA2adv. 最近
- promoteB2v. 促进
- consumptionB2n. 消费
- figureA2n. 数字
- chargeB1v. 收费
- attractB1v. 吸引（注意力、兴趣）
- despiteB1prep. 尽管
- exploreB1v. 探索
- fundB2n. 资金
- vehicleB1n. 交通工具
- quicklyA2adv. 快速地
- solutionB1n. 解决办法
- authorityB2n. 权力
- seriesB1n. 系列
- varyB1v. 不同
- unusualB1adj. 不寻常的
- agencyB2n. 代理机构
- chiefB1n. 首领
- familiarB1adj. 熟悉的
- gasA2n. 气体
- paymentB1n. 支付
- threatB1n. 威胁
- councilB1n. 委员会
- formulaB2n. 公式
- thusB2adv. 因此，所以
- definitelyB1adv. 肯定地
- skinA2n. 皮肤
- tipA2n. 小费
- yeahA1intj. 是的
- attemptB1v. 试图
- centralB1adj. 主要的
- federalB2adj. 联邦（制）的
- largelyB2adv. 主要地
- transferB1v. 转移
- chainB1n. 链条
- commercialB2adj. 商业的
- locationB1n. 地点，位置
- retireB1v. 退休
- typicallyB1adv. 通常，一般
- investigateB2v. 调查
- feeB1n. 费用
- preserveB2v. 保护
- sinkA2v. 下沉
- warmingB1n. 变暖;加温
- complainA2v. 抱怨
- elderlyB2adj. 年老的
- fundingB2n. 资金
- judgeB1v. 判断，评判
- penaltyB1n. 处罚
- roughlyB1adv. 大约，大概
- okayA2adj. 可以的
- transportationB1n. 交通运输（系统）
- trashA2n. 垃圾
- nowadaysB1adv. 现在
- poisonousB2adj. 有毒的
- suitA2n. 套装
- immediateB2adj. 立即的，即刻的
- properlyB1adv. 正确地
- registerB1v. 登记，注册
- regulationB2n. 规则，条例
- fancyB1v. 想要
- possiblyB1adv. 可能，也许
- sensitiveB2adj. 敏感的
- approvalB2n. 赞成
- huntB1v. 搜寻
- tuitionB2n. 学费
- apartmentA2n. 公寓
- costlyB2adj. 昂贵的，代价高的
- lifetimeB1n. 一生，终生
- nutrientB2n. 营养物质
- overseasB1adv. 在海外
- slowlyA1adv. 缓慢地
- suspectB1v. 怀疑
- witnessB2n. 目击者
- boomB1n. 繁荣
- surprisedA2adj. 感到惊讶的
- discourageB2v. 使泄气
- makingA2n. 制作
- meltB1v. （使）融化，熔化
- vitaminB1n. 维生素
- blogB1n. 博客，网络日志
- cerealB1n. 谷物（早餐）
- earlierA2adv. 较早地
- imposeB2v. 强制实行
- marineB2adj. 海洋的
- sumB1n. 总数
- educateB2v. 教育
- mumA1n. 妈妈
- permanentlyB2adv. 永久地
- advertiseB1v. 为…做广告
- bacteriaB2n. 细菌
- deedB2n. 行为
- nutritiousB2adj. 有营养的，营养丰富的
- villagerB1n. 村民
全卷录音原文 603 词按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖
全卷录音原文去重后共 603 个单词，按欧框 CEFR 等级统计。每根柱表示「该等级及以下」的累积占比（CDF），最右一柱为 100%。B2 以上（C1/C2）为高阶词，本卷共 7 个 · 约 1%。
- 去重总词数
- 603
- B2 以上难词
- 1%
- B1 及以下覆盖
- 86%
常见问题
围绕本套听力的答案、录音来源与体裁、词汇难度与逐题选项依据，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力的答案分别是什么？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力全卷共 25 题，标准答案依次为：1 D · 2 C · 3 A · 4 B · 5 A · 6 C · 7 B · 8 C · 9 D · 10 B · 11 D · 12 A · 13 C · 14 D · 15 A · 16 D · 17 A · 18 B · 19 D · 20 C · 21 B · 22 C · 23 A · 24 C · 25 B。答案字母分布为 A 6 · B 6 · C 7 · D 6。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力的录音原文分哪几篇？各考多少题？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力按卷面顺序分为：Section A 短篇新闻（3 篇）1–7 题；Section B 长对话（2 篇）8–15 题；Section C 听力篇章（3 篇）16–25 题。体裁构成为 短篇新闻 3 · 长对话 2 · 听力篇章 3，全卷连续编号、录音只播一遍。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力的词汇难度如何？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力全卷录音原文去重后共 603 个单词，按 CEFR 难度累积覆盖：A1 及以下约 40%、A2 及以下约 67%、B1 及以下约 86%、B2 及以下约 99%，B2 以上（C1/C2）难词共 7 个、约占 1%。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力出现了哪些英语四级高频词？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力的录音原文出现 170 个英语四级真题高频词（这些词在历年英语四级真题中出现的句子数均不少于 8 句）。按出现次数排在前的有：panel（本卷 14 次，n. 专家小组）、would（本卷 10 次，aux. （will 的过去式）将要，会）、solar（本卷 10 次，adj. 太阳的）、waiter（本卷 8 次，n. （餐厅的）服务员，侍者）、gratitude（本卷 7 次，n. 感激）、protein（本卷 6 次，n. 蛋白质）、customer（本卷 5 次，n. 顾客，客户）、grateful（本卷 5 次，adj. 感激的）。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 1 题：What does the news report say about the waiter? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 1 题是细节题，正确答案 D）He did an unusual good deed。答案句出自录音「A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 to the retired social worker who lost it. ... He opened the envelope and got a shock. ... She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined」（一名服务员把一张面值近 424,000 美元、由一位退休社工弄丢的支票归还了。……他打开信封，吃了一惊。……她后来想给他钱，但他礼貌地谢绝了），靠开篇首句即点核心事件定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（A waiter has returned a check worth nearly $424,000 ↔ did an unusual good deed；he graciously declined ↔ unusual）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（录音确实念到"买房"相关内容——钱是 already planned for a down payment on a new home（已计划用作新房首付），但想买房的是丢钱的女顾客，不是服务员。本题问的是 the waiter，A 把顾客的打算安到服务员头上）；B 项属原词陷阱（录音里 shock 这个词真的出现了——He opened the envelope and got a shock（他打开信封吃了一惊），所以"听到 shock 就选 B"很诱人。但"吃一惊"只是他打开信封那一刻的瞬时反应，不是新闻要讲的他做的事，更不是 suffered from a shock（遭受打击/惊吓）这种持续受害的意思，答非所问）；C 项属张冠李戴（录音开篇就说支票是 the retired social worker who lost it（弄丢支票的退休社工）丢的，丢一大笔钱的是顾客，服务员恰恰是"捡到并归还"的人。C 把"丢钱"这一与服务员相反的角色硬安到服务员身上，与原文相反），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 2 题：What did the customer try to do when she got her check back? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 2 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Give some money to the waiter。答案句出自录音「She tried to give him money later on, but he graciously declined」（她后来想给他钱，但他礼貌地谢绝了），靠题干 try 与原文 tried 直接对应定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（She tried to give him money later on ↔ Give some money to the waiter）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（录音通篇只说她"试图给他钱"，从未提到 invite to a fancy dinner（请吃豪华大餐）这件事。A 是凭"答谢恩人请吃饭"的常识想当然，录音里查无此事）；B 项属张冠李戴（录音里 Daily News 确实出现——the restaurant's owner called the Daily News for help（店主打电话向《每日新闻》求助），但联系报社的是餐厅店主，目的是找失主，不是顾客去"讲述她的故事"。B 盗用 Daily News 这个真出现的专名，把店主的行为安到顾客头上）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音结尾提到服务员 who's working his way through school（半工半读、靠打工供自己上学），"school"这个词真出现了，于是"替他付学费"很有迷惑性。但录音只说他自己边打工边读书，从没说顾客要替他付 school tuition（学费）；顾客试图做的只是泛泛"给钱"，并非专门付学费），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 3 题：What is Maref's vote on Tuesday about? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 3 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Whether or not to move to the state's mainland。答案句出自录音「The village of Maref in Alaska voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainland」（阿拉斯加的马雷夫村在周二投票决定搬迁到该州的大陆地区），靠开篇首句直陈事件定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（voted on Tuesday to move to the state's mainland ↔ Whether or not to move to the state's mainland.）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（录音背景里确有"海平面上升、房屋落水"之意（houses falling into the water），B 用 sinking into the sea 蹭这个画面，但投票要做的是"搬走"，不是"想办法不让村子沉"——把背景威胁错当成投票内容）；C 项属原词陷阱（录音后段确实谈到钱（because of the funding），C 用 get the funds 蹭这个词，但"资金"是录音里解释"为何搬不动"的内容，不是这次投票要决定的事，属把后文的钱搬到投票议题上）；D 项属原词陷阱（录音确说搬迁起因是 global warming and rising sea levels，D 用 rising level of the seawater 蹭这个原因，但那是"为什么要搬"的背景，不是"投票决定做什么"；把起因当成了投票内容），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 4 题：Why did Donna Barr say they wouldn't see the plan carried out any time soon? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 4 题是细节题，正确答案 B）It costs too much money。答案句出自录音「It will be costly financially to the community. "We don't see the move happening in our lifetime because of the funding," Barr said」（这对社区来说在财务上代价高昂。巴尔说："由于资金问题，我们认为有生之年都看不到这次搬迁发生。"），靠because of 直陈原因定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（It will be costly financially to the community ↔ It costs too much money.；because of the funding ↔ It costs too much money.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音说"有生之年看不到"（in our lifetime）听着像"耗时长"，A 用 takes too long a time 蹭这个时间感，但 in our lifetime 是搬不成的"结果"而非"原因"，真正原因是钱（funding），不是时间）；C 项属未提及（录音从头到尾没提"州政府最终审批"，C 的 wait for the state's final approval 是靠"政府工程要审批"的常识脑补的；虽然录音里有 state（the state's mainland），但那指"州的大陆"，与"审批"无关）；D 项属原词陷阱（投票是 89 to 78，反对票确实不少，D 用 strong opposition from many villagers 蹭这个接近的票数，但录音明说搬不成是 because of the funding（资金），从未说是村民反对挡了路，把票数差错当成搬迁受阻的原因），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 5 题：What is the purpose of the social experiment? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 5 题是目的题，正确答案 A）To investigate whether people are grateful for help。答案句出自录音「A man in Halifax, Canada, wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open for them」（加拿大哈利法克斯的一名男子,想弄清楚人们会不会因为有人为自己开门而心怀感激），靠意图句 wanted to find out定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（wanted to find out if people were thankful for someone holding the door open ↔ To investigate whether people are grateful for help）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（B 盗用了录音反复出现的 opening doors 与 hold the door open 字眼,但开门只是实验"手段",不是"目的";题问 purpose,把手段当目的就答非所问了）；C 项属偷换概念（C 来自 A simple way to induce gratitude in people is opening doors,录音确实说了"诱发感激的方法",但那是说话人解释"为什么用开门",是手段的理由,不是这场实验本身要"查明"的目的;实验目的是看人们会不会感激,而非"探索诱发感激的方式"）；D 项属偷换概念（D 说目的是"查明人们如何表达感激"(how people express),但录音问的是人们"会不会"感激(if people were thankful),是"是否"而非"如何";把"是否感激"偷换成"如何表达",方向变了），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 6 题：What did Steve Foran and his team do in the experiment? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 6 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They held doors open for people at various places。答案句出自录音「For the experiment, Foran's team went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop. The door was held for 15 to 20 people at a time at each location」（为了这场实验,福兰的团队去了一家购物中心、一家商场、两栋办公楼和一家咖啡店。在每个地点,每次为 15 到 20 个人开门），靠行动叙述句 went to…held定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（The door was held for 15 to 20 people ↔ They held doors open for people；went to a shopping center, a mall, two office buildings, and a coffee shop ↔ at various places）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（A 说"诱使陌生人和他们交谈",看似呼应录音 People got into conversations with us,但录音是"人们(主动)和我们攀谈起来",并非团队"induce(诱使)"他们说话;把自然发生说成团队刻意为之,动作主体和性质都变了）；B 项属原词陷阱（B 把录音原数 15 to 20 people 和后文 having a bad day 拼到一起,说团队"帮了 15 到 20 个心情不好的人"。但 15 到 20 是"每次开门服务的人数",bad day 是说话人事后的猜测,两者本不相干,被强行黏成一句,与原意不符）；D 项属未提及（D 说团队"采访了没道谢的人",借用录音 We did have one that didn't say thank you 的字眼,但录音只是说"有一个人没道谢",且明说 We're not here to judge them,根本没提"采访(interview)"这个动作,属无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 7 题：What do we learn from the news report? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 7 题是主旨题，正确答案 B）Most people express gratitude for help。答案句出自录音「The social experiment showed that 99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude」（这场社会实验显示,100 个人里有 99 个表达了感激），靠核心数据 99 out of 100定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（99 out of 100 people expressed gratitude ↔ Most people express gratitude for help）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（A 说"人可以被教育得懂感恩",像是从 induce gratitude in people(诱发感激)推来,但录音只说开门能"诱发"感激,没说人能"被教育(educated)"成感恩的人;从"诱发"跳到"教育"是多走了一步的推断）；C 项属原词陷阱（C 说"大多数人时不时心情不好",借用录音 having a bad day 的字眼,但录音只是说"那个没道谢的人也许那天心情不好",是对"个别人"的猜测,不是整篇结论;把个别推测说成"大多数人"的普遍现象,以偏概全）；D 项属与原文相反（D 说"人们心情不好时就不感激",但报道的结论恰恰相反——99/100 都感激了,说话人还强调 grateful people make people grateful;把"绝大多数会感激"反成"心情差就不感激",方向完全拧了），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 8 题：What is the man's purpose for calling the woman? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 8 题是目的题，正确答案 C）To enquire about solar panel installations。答案句出自录音「Hi, my name is Winston. I wish to enquire about solar panel installations」（你好，我叫 Winston。我想咨询一下太阳能板的安装），靠主动方自报来意句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（I wish to enquire about solar panel installations ↔ To enquire about solar panel installations.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项借了录音反复出现的 installation 一词造"To order…installation"，但 Winston 全程只说 I'm considering it"在考虑"，从没下单。听到 installation 就选 order 正中圈套）；B 项属未提及（整段对话只谈咨询、省钱、价格，从未出现"漏水"或"报修"，report a serious leak 是凭空捏造，属预读时就该排除的反方向干扰）；D 项属原词陷阱（选项借 solar panels 一词造"complain about the faulty solar panels"，可 Winston 是潜在新客户、从无抱怨，faulty（有故障的）更是录音没有的。听到 solar panels 就选投诉是被原词牵着走），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 9 题：What do we learn about the man's neighbor from the conversation? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 9 题是细节题，正确答案 D）He has a large family。答案句出自录音「My house is about the size you described, but my neighbor's is bigger. I'm not sure how many panels he has up there, but he does have a large family of six」（我家差不多就是你说的那个大小，但我邻居家更大。我不确定他屋顶上装了几块板，不过他家确实是个六口之家的大家庭），靠对比句后落在邻居身上定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（he does have a large family of six ↔ He has a large family.）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（录音里"打算装板"的人是 Winston 本人 I'm considering it；邻居是"一年前已经装了"。把 Winston 的打算安到邻居头上，正是题干设的"问谁"陷阱）；B 项属原词陷阱（four-bedroom 出自店员举例的 the average four-bedroom house，是泛指的平均房型，且 Winston 说邻居家"更大"，邻居并非四居室。盗用 four-bedroom 原词张冠李戴）；C 项属原词陷阱（$300 出自店员的概算 save a family of four around \$300 a year，针对的是"四口之家"的假设；邻居省的是 over \$500。把 $300 套到邻居头上是数字张冠李戴），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 10 题：What is one of the man's chief concerns? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 10 题是细节题，正确答案 B）The cost of a solar panel installation。答案句出自录音「But just quickly, if you don't mind, could you tell me approximately how much a typical installation costs, like, say, four panels?」（不过，不介意的话，能不能快速告诉我，一套典型的安装大概要多少钱，比如说，四块板？），靠主动发问句问价格定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（how much a typical installation costs ↔ The cost of a solar panel installation.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（店员说 we could show you the different solutions we offer 沾到"服务"，但那是店员的提议，Winston 并未就服务专门发问，不构成他的 chief concern。听到"提供方案"就选服务是被次要信息带偏）；C 项属未提及（对话从头到尾没出现 maintenance 或保养相关内容，是凭"装板会涉及维护"的常识脑补出来的干扰项，应排除）；D 项属未提及（录音没有谈"质量"，Winston 关心的是省钱与价钱，没就 quality 发问。该项同属凭常识脑补，未在对话出现），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 11 题：How long will it take a typical household to make back the initial investment? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 11 题是细节题，正确答案 D）About five years。答案句出自录音「But you know a typical household will make back that initial investment in about five years」（不过你知道，一个典型家庭大约在五年内就能收回这笔初始投资），靠题干同词语境后的年数定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（in about five years ↔ About five years.）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（录音里 about a year ago 提到邻居一年前装板，选项把它扭成"一年半回本"，盗用"一年"这个数字却安错了语境，与回本无关）；B 项属未提及（录音从未出现 four years 或"不到四年"的回本时长，是凭空捏造、又故意与正确的五年咬得很近来诱选，应排除）；C 项属未提及（录音只说回本约五年，并无"六年"，roughly six years 同属与正确答案接近的捏造数字，专钓没听准约数的考生），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 12 题：Where is the conversation taking place? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 12 题是细节题，正确答案 A）At a travel agency。答案句出自录音「W: Oh, no problem. I'm interested in booking a holiday to Australia and wonder if you could tell me what deals you have」（女：哦，没关系。我想订一趟去澳大利亚的度假行程，想问问你们都有什么优惠套餐），靠业务内容暴露场景定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（booking a holiday to Australia ↔ At a travel agency）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（选项 At an Australian airport. 盗用了录音里的 Australia 一词，但澳大利亚只是"要去的目的地"，对话此刻发生在出发地的旅行社，并非身处澳洲机场——听到 Australia 就选机场即中招）；C 项属原词陷阱（选项 At an airline transfer service. 靠录音里的 flights 制造联想，但对话谈的是订整套度假产品，不是单纯办转机；录音从没提转机服务，属由原词外推过头）；D 项属未提及（选项 At a local transportation authority. 在录音中找不到任何对应，对话从头到尾是订旅游套餐，与地方交通管理部门毫无关系，属凭"transport"一词硬凑），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 13 题：Why is the woman interested in package holidays? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 13 题是细节题，正确答案 C）She would like to have everything taken care of。答案句出自录音「W: Yeah, that sounds pretty good. I'm going with my family, so it would be nice to have everything taken care of」（女：是的，那听起来挺不错的。我是和家人一起去，所以要是一切都能被安排妥当就好了），靠因果 so 引出真实理由定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（it would be nice to have everything taken care of ↔ She would like to have everything taken care of）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（选项 She would be able to visit more scenic spots. 靠录音里男士提的 day trips to different places of interest 制造联想，但那是男士介绍套餐含什么、不是女士给的理由；女士的理由是"省心"，不是"多看景点"）；B 项属未提及（选项 She wanted to save as much money as possible. 听着是订套餐的常见动机，但录音里女士全程没提钱、没提省钱，这是凭常识脑补出来的理由，原文无据）；D 项属原词陷阱（选项 She wanted to spend more time with her family. 盗用了女士说的 I'm going with my family，但"和家人一起去"只是事实背景、是"想省心"的前提，并非她偏好套餐的理由本身——听到 family 就选即中招），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 14 题：How long does the woman want to go for the holiday? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 14 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Two weeks。答案句出自录音「W: Two weeks around Christmas time would be great」（女：圣诞节前后去两周就很好了），靠被问者对时长的直接应答定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Two weeks ↔ Two weeks）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 Four days. 盗用男士报行程时的 the other four nights，但那是 14 晚里"自选行程"的四晚，是其中一段、不是总时长；听到 four 就选即落入数字陷阱）；B 项属原词陷阱（选项 Five days. 盗用 Five nights in Sydney and five nights in Melbourne 里的 five，但那是悉尼、墨尔本各住五晚的分段天数，与女士想去的两周总时长无关）；C 项属未提及（选项 One week. 录音并未念出"一周"，它靠 14 nights 让人误折算/误记；女士明确说的是两周，one week 既非原话也非她的意思），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 15 题：What does the woman say she likes about the holiday package? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 15 题是细节题，正确答案 A）Choosing some activities herself。答案句出自录音「W: That sounds great. It's good we can choose some activities ourselves」（女：那听起来太棒了。我们能自己挑一些活动，这点很好），靠表态句 It's good… 点出喜好定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（we can choose some activities ourselves ↔ Choosing some activities herself）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（选项 Spending Christmas with Australians. 借录音里的 Christmas time 制造联想，但女士只说圣诞前后去两周，从没说要和澳洲人一起过圣诞，是把时间点过度引申成活动）；C 项属原词陷阱（选项 Driving along the Great Ocean Road. 几乎原样盗用男士介绍的 go for a drive down the Great Ocean Road，但那是男士罗列的可选活动之一、不是女士说她喜欢的；她喜欢的是"能自己挑"这件事本身）；D 项属原词陷阱（选项 Learning more about wine making. 盗用男士说的 make wine/葡萄酒之旅，同样是清单里的一项可选活动，女士没说喜欢酿酒，她点赞的是"能自己选"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 16 题：What would tourists have to do when they visit Indonesia's Bali Island? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 16 题是细节题，正确答案 D）Pay a green tax upon arrival。答案句出自录音「Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali are facing a new $14-per-person tax when they arrive on the holiday island from next year. But this is a green tax」（到印尼巴厘岛度假的游客，从明年起抵达这座度假岛屿时将面临一项每人 14 美元的新税。不过这是一项绿色税（环保税）），靠录音开头点题句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（facing a new \$14-per-person tax when they arrive ↔ Pay a green tax upon arrival）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 Bring their own bags when shopping. 看似很环保、很合理，但原文从未要求游客购物自带袋；它只是利用 bags 这个全篇反复出现的词来诱你"听到 bags 就选"，属于答非所问）；B 项属未提及（选项 Use public transport when traveling. 在原文里完全没有对应内容，原文末尾提到的是 electric vehicles（电动车），与坐公共交通不是一回事，属于未提及）；C 项属答非所问（选项 Dispose of their trash properly. 同样听起来很"环保正确"，但原文谈的是政府层面的征税、禁塑、清理环境（clean up the island's natural environment），并没有要求游客自己妥善处理垃圾，属答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 17 题：What does the passage say about Indonesia? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 17 题是细节题，正确答案 A）It has not been doing a good job in recycling。答案句出自录音「Indonesia is drowning in plastics. Recycling is not one of the country's strong points」（印尼正被塑料垃圾淹没。回收并不是这个国家的强项），靠对象名+负面定性句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Recycling is not one of the country's strong points ↔ not been doing a good job in recycling）。其余选项：B 项属原词陷阱（选项 It has witnessed a rise in accidental drowning. 盗用了原文 Indonesia is drowning in plastics 里的 drowning。原文 drowning in plastics 是"被塑料淹没"的比喻，与真人溺水（accidental drowning）毫无关系，是典型听到原词就上当的陷阱）；C 项属原词陷阱（选项 It has not attracted many tourists in recent years. 虽然原文确有 tourists 一词（Tourists taking a holiday in the Indonesian island of Bali），但原文只说游客来度假、要交税，从未说近年游客变少，属未提及）；D 项属未提及（选项 It has experienced an overall decline in air quality. 讲空气质量下降，但全篇只谈塑料、回收、水道（protect the island's waterways），从头到尾没提空气，属未提及），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 18 题：What is the new plan Governor Koster recently announced? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 18 题是细节题，正确答案 B）To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island。答案句出自录音「A few months ago, Koster announced a plan that would not only ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores, but plastic bags and straws across the island」（几个月前，Koster 宣布了一项计划，不仅要禁止超市和便利店里的一次性塑料袋，还要禁止全岛范围内的塑料袋和吸管），靠announced a plan标志句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（ban single-use plastic bags…but plastic bags and straws across the island ↔ ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali Island）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（选项 To charge a small fee on plastic products in supermarkets. 借了原文 supermarkets 一词（ban single-use plastic bags from supermarkets and convenience stores），但新计划是 ban（禁用）不是 charge a fee（收费），把治理动词偷换了，是收费 vs 禁用的细微差别陷阱）；C 项属未提及（选项 To promote the use of paper bags for shopping. 用了和 bags、shopping 同主题的词，但原文只字未提推广纸袋，新计划是禁塑而非倡导用纸袋，属未提及）；D 项属答非所问（选项 To impose a penalty on anyone caught littering. 是另一种治理手段（罚乱扔垃圾），原文虽提到 Koster 还有别的护水道、推电动车的法规（he has more laws planned），但本题问的"最近宣布的这项新计划"是禁塑，不是罚乱扔，属答非所问），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 19 题：What do we learn from the passage about the North Atlantic right whale? 答案是什么？为什么选 D？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 19 题是细节题，正确答案 D）It's population is now showing signs of increase。答案句出自录音「That brings the number seen in nearby waters alone this year to three. That's big news because the whale population has been falling, and no baby whales were seen last year. In all, seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year」（这使得仅在附近水域今年看到的（幼鲸）数量达到了三头。这是个大新闻，因为此前鲸鱼数量一直在下降、去年一头幼鲸都没见到。算下来，今年到目前已经发现了七头幼鲸），靠big news 加数字对比定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（seven baby whales have been spotted so far this year ↔ population is now showing signs of increase）。其余选项：A 项属过度推断（原文提到一头母鲸带着 a mum with two babies（一只母鲸带两个幼崽），听到 two babies 容易让人以为"一次生好几个"，但"带着两个幼崽"不等于"一胎产数仔"，原文没说生育方式，属于把零散信息脑补成 A 项）；B 项属原词陷阱（原文确实多次提到保护/濒危（如下文讲"靠近它们是非法的"），It is the least protected mammal species. 借"保护"这个话题词来诱选，但原文从没说它是"最不受保护的"哺乳动物，least（最不）这个极端程度是选项自己加的，与原文不符）；C 项属原词陷阱（原文提到鲸鱼在东南海岸 give birth off the Southeast Coast of America（繁殖产崽），It's breeding grounds are now better preserved. 借"繁殖地"这个话题词诱选，但原文只说它在哪里繁殖、迁去哪里觅食，从没说"繁殖地被更好地保护了"，better preserved 是无中生有），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 20 题：What has caused the decline of the whale population in recent years? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 20 题是细节题，正确答案 C）Commercial hunting。答案句出自录音「The whale population has become endangered due to commercial whaling activities in recent years. This is because they are sometimes hunted for their meat or their skin」（近年来，由于商业捕鲸活动，鲸鱼种群已变得濒危。这是因为它们有时会因肉或皮而遭到猎杀），靠因果信号 due to 加 because定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（due to commercial whaling activities ↔ Commercial hunting）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（Global warming. 全球变暖是动物濒危话题里最"想当然"的原因，但通篇原文只字未提变暖，它是利用考生常识设的坑——凭"濒危动物多半是因为气候"的惯性去选，正好中招）；B 项属未提及（Polluted seawaters. 海水污染同样是海洋动物受害的"标准答案式"原因，听上去合理，但原文从头到尾没有提到污染，是又一个用常识诱选、原文无据的干扰）；D 项属原词陷阱（原文提过 no baby whales were seen last year（去年没见到幼鲸），Decreasing birthrates. 出生率下降借这点诱选，但原文是把数量下降归因于商业捕鲸，从没说"出生率下降"是原因；"去年没见到幼鲸"是数量下降的表现，不是题目问的原因，属于因果错位），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 21 题：Why do the whales travel to the Northeast Coast of America in the early spring? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 21 题是目的题，正确答案 B）To look for food。答案句出自录音「The whales give birth off the Southeast Coast of America in the winter and travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast in the early spring. The Northeast Coast is a critically important source of food」（鲸鱼冬天在美国东南海岸产崽，早春则迁往东北海岸的觅食区。东北海岸是一处极其重要的食物来源），靠feeding grounds 加 source of food定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（travel to feeding grounds off the Northeast Coast ↔ To look for food）。其余选项：A 项属张冠李戴（原文确实提到鲸鱼 give birth off the Southeast Coast（在东南海岸产崽），To mate. 交配借这点诱选，但产崽/交配发生在东南海岸的冬天，而题目问的是早春迁往东北海岸的目的，地点和季节都对不上，属于张冠李戴）；C 项属原词陷阱（原文多处提到 hunt/hunters（如 hunted for their meat、whale watchers），To escape hunters. 躲避猎人借这个反复出现的耳熟词诱选，但原文从没说鲸鱼迁往东北海岸是为了躲猎人，迁徙目的明明白白是觅食，hunters 只是别处话题，与本题目的无关）；D 项属偷换概念（原文提到鲸鱼在东南海岸产崽繁殖，To seek breeding grounds. 寻找繁殖地借"繁殖"这一话题词诱选，但繁殖是在东南海岸、冬天的事，迁往东北海岸是为了 feeding grounds（觅食区）而非 breeding grounds（繁殖地），选项把"觅食"偷换成了"繁殖"），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 22 题：What does the passage say about Americans? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 22 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They consume less milk these days。答案句出自录音「Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s」（美国人喝的牛奶比上世纪七十年代少了百分之三十七），靠对象名+数字下降，直接应答句定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Americans drink 37% less milk than they did in the 1970s ↔ They consume less milk these days）。其余选项：A 项属未提及（prefer to drink low-fat milk 里的 low-fat（低脂）在录音中根本没出现，是凭对牛奶的常识臆造的好听说法）；B 项属与原文相反（think milk is good for health 看似呼应原文 what was once advertised as nutritious，但原文紧接着说 is becoming unpopular，即如今观念已转向负面，选项却说成正面看法，正话反说）；D 项属张冠李戴（buy more milk than the British 盗用原文出现过的 in the UK（英国），但原文只是分别说美国和英国的消费都在下降，从未把两国相比、更没说美国买得更多，属张冠李戴式的虚构比较），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 23 题：How do Americans and British people think of milk nowadays? 答案是什么？为什么选 A？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 23 题是态度观点题，正确答案 A）It is not as healthy as once thought。答案句出自录音「But what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular. ... Milk is increasingly being described in a negative light」（但曾经被宣传为有营养的牛奶，如今正变得不受欢迎。……牛奶正越来越多地被以负面的方式描述），靠转折 But 与 negative 定调定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（what was once advertised as nutritious is becoming unpopular ↔ It is not as healthy as once thought）。其余选项：B 项属未提及（not easy to stay fresh for long 谈牛奶保鲜，录音通篇讲营养、消化与态度，从未提保鲜，属凭生活常识硬塞的内容）；C 项属未提及（benefits the elderly more 说更利老人，录音只在后半提到牛奶有营养、有益处，从没说对老人益处更大，属无中生有的程度拔高）；D 项属与原文相反（tends to make people fat 迎合喝奶会胖的常识，但原文后半明确说 isn't full of calories（热量并不高），与发胖说法相反），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 24 题：Why does drinking milk cause pain in some people? 答案是什么？为什么选 C？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 24 题是细节题，正确答案 C）They lack the necessary proteins to digest it。答案句出自录音「It needs a series of complex proteins to break it down. Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria in the human body. This can cause physical pain and produce gas in the stomach」（乳糖需要一系列复杂的蛋白质来分解它。如果这些蛋白质不够，乳糖就会被人体内的细菌分解，这会引起身体疼痛并在胃里产生气体），靠Without enough proteins…cause pain 的因果链定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Without enough of these proteins, the lactose is broken down by bacteria ↔ They lack the necessary proteins to digest it）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（drink too many pints every day 盗用原文开头的 144 pints of milk a year 里的 pints，但那只是讲平均消费量，原文从没说喝太多导致疼痛，属答非所问）；B 项属偷换概念（sensitive to certain minerals 把原文真正的关键词 proteins（蛋白质）偷换成 minerals（矿物质），原文谈的是缺蛋白质，与对矿物质敏感无关）；D 项属未提及（eaten food incompatible with milk 说吃了与牛奶相克的食物，录音只讲缺蛋白质、细菌分解乳糖，从未提食物相克，属凭民间说法臆造），均可排除。
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 25 题：What does the passage say is a benefit of milk? 答案是什么？为什么选 B？
- 英语四级2020年12月第2套听力第 25 题是细节题，正确答案 B）It provides some necessary nutrients。答案句出自录音「Despite the problems in digesting milk, it does provide many benefits. Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein and isn't full of calories」（尽管牛奶存在消化方面的问题，它确实提供许多益处。牛奶很有营养，含有维生素 A 和 D 以及蛋白质，而且热量并不高），靠Despite 转回好处，benefits/nutritious 定调定位。正确项是答案句的同义替换（Milk is nutritious. It contains vitamins A and D, as well as protein ↔ It provides some necessary nutrients）。其余选项：A 项属原词陷阱（easier for sick people to digest 盗用原文结尾的 If you get sick in your stomach 里的 sick 和前文的 digest，但原文是说不舒服可自测缺蛋白质，从没说牛奶更易被病人消化，属答非所问）；C 项属未提及（healthier than other animal products 拿牛奶与其他动物制品比，录音只说牛奶本身有营养，从没和其他动物制品作比较，属无中生有的比较）；D 项属与原文相反（supplies the body with enough calories 盗用原文的 calories，但原文说的是 isn't full of calories（热量并不高），选项却说提供足够热量，把否定改成了肯定，与原文相反），均可排除。