2020年12月·第1套 英语四级听力真题原文与答案解析

What is reported in the news?

新闻首句即导语。答案就在录音第一句 A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean。新闻的开头第一句是"导语"，按惯例把"什么东西、在哪、发生了什么"一次性压缩说完，主旨题的答案几乎必在这里，不必等后文。

• A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human↔A deadly fish毒到能致命＝deadly
• is invading the Mediterranean↔has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters正在入侵＝已被发现于该海域

• A)未提及录音只说毒刺"强到足以杀人"、且明说 fatalities are rare（致死案例罕见），并没说"很多人已被攻击"。选项 Many people have been attacked 盗用了录音里 kill a human、sting 的危险氛围，把"有杀人的潜力"偷换成"很多人已遭攻击"，是无中生有的夸大。

  借用原文：Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing

• B)与原文相反录音明说这鱼 Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean（原产南太平洋和印度洋），是"入侵"地中海，恰恰说明地中海不是它的天然栖息地。选项 The Mediterranean is a natural habitat 盗用了 the Mediterranean 这个高频地名，却把"入侵地"歪曲成"原产地"，与原文相反。

  借用原文：Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks

• C)过度推断录音只说环保人士"担心"这鱼"could endanger"其他海洋生物（还没发生），选项 Invasive species are driving away certain native species 用现在时把"可能危及"说成"正在赶走本地物种"这一既成事实，且 Invasive species 用复数泛指多种入侵物种，与本则只报道一种鱼的范围不符。它盗用了 invasive 这个原词。

  借用原文：environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life

What is the environmentalist concerned about the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?

fear＋题干同源词触发定位。答案句里 environmentalists fear 的 fear（担心）与题干的 concerned（担心）是同一意思，这个"担忧"信号词一响，紧跟其后的 could endanger other types of marine life 就是担忧的具体内容——担忧类细节题，答案永远在"担心"这个词后面那个对象上。

• could endanger other types of marine life↔pose a threat to other marine species危及＝构成威胁
• other types of marine life↔other marine species海洋生物＝海洋物种

• A)未提及录音通篇只说这鱼"有毒、毒刺能伤人、会危及其他海洋生物"，从没提它会"污染水体"。选项 badly pollute the surrounding waters 是考生听到"poisonous（有毒）"后顺着常识联想出的"有毒→污染水"，但原文根本没这句话。
• C)过度推断disrupt the food chains（扰乱食物链）听上去比"威胁生物"更像专业的环保表述，很能唬人；但录音对担忧的描述只到 endanger other types of marine life 为止，没有展开到"食物链"这一层。它是"听起来更高级、更该说"造成的诱惑，并非原文内容。
• D)未提及add to greenhouse emissions（增加温室气体排放）和"毒鱼威胁海洋生物"这个话题毫不相干，录音从头到尾没提温室气体或气候，是明显的凑数干扰项。

What will happen on World Car-Free Day in Paris?

新闻首句直接点出当天安排。新闻往往开门见山，第一句 Almost half the center of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday 就交代了无车日当天的核心安排——"市中心近一半只能步行或骑车进入"。这正是"那天会怎样"的答案句，信号就是它处在新闻开头、与题干"What will happen"直接对应。

• Almost half the center of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle↔About half of its city center will be closed to cars.正面"只能步行骑车"＝反面"对汽车关闭"

• A)原词陷阱A 说 Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.，盗用了录音里的 "Paris" 和"汽车不能进"的意思，但把范围从"近一半市中心"（Almost half the center of Paris）偷偷放大到"整座城市（the city）"。录音明明说的是"half the center"，A 漏掉了"half"和"center"这两个范围限定，范围被夸大，故错。

  借用原文：Almost half the center of Paris

• B)未提及B 说 Pedestrians will have free access to the city.。录音只说"只能靠步行或自行车进入"（accessible only by foot or bicycle），意思是"限定方式"，根本没提行人"free（免费/免许可）"。"free"是录音里没有的信息，属于无中生有。
• D)偷换概念D 说 Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.。录音说当天"只能靠步行或自行车"进入（only by foot or bicycle），allowed 的是 foot/bicycle，根本没提 buses。D 借用了"only…allowed"的句式结构来唬人，却把允许的对象从"步行、自行车"偷换成了"公交车"，张冠李戴。

  借用原文：accessible only by foot or bicycle

What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car-Free Day in her city?

因果信号 in response to 引出动机。答案句靠 in response to（为了应对……）这个明确的因果信号锁定。"This is in response to rising air pollution"——"应对不断加剧的空气污染"正是搞无车日的动机。听到 "in response to" 就知道后面紧跟的就是原因，无需犹豫。

• in response to rising air pollution↔The rising air pollution in Paris.几乎原句搬选项，仅补回地点

• A)原词陷阱A 说 The unbearable traffic noise.。录音确实在结尾提到了声音——"sound levels dropped by 50 percent"，但那是无车日带来的"效果"，而且是"声音降了"，不是"难以忍受的噪音"促使办无车日。A 盗用了录音里关于 sound 的内容，却把"结果"错当成"动机"，答非所问。

  借用原文：sound levels dropped by 50 percent in the city's center

• B)未提及B 说 The worsening global warming.。"global warming（全球变暖）"在整段录音里从未出现，是凭"环保话题就该和变暖有关"的常识硬塞进来的。录音给的动机明确是 air pollution，不是 global warming。
• C)未提及C 说 The ever-growing cost of petrol.。"cost of petrol（油价）"录音里完全没提，同样是"汽车／环保话题常和油价挂钩"的想当然。录音说的动机是空气污染，与油价无关。

What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?

录音开篇第一句即点事件。新闻往往把核心事件放在开篇，这里第一句 a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions 就直接交代了发生的事——一场房屋火灾。新闻题与播报同序，第 5 题问“发生了什么”，答案就落在最先念出的这句。

• a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions↔His house was burnt down in a firehouse fire 与 burnt down in a fire 同义

• B)原词陷阱录音里确有 possessions 一词，forced him to clear out his possessions 说的是火灾逼他“清理/搬走”家当，不是被偷。选项 Many of his possessions were stolen. 盗用了 possessions 这个原词，却把“清空”偷换成 stolen（被偷），听到 possessions 就选会中招。

  借用原文：clear out his possessions

• C)原词陷阱录音确实提到 good luck charm（护身符）和 ocean/sea，a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed，但护身符是放在床下、并由海里捞出，从未沉入海中。选项 His good luck charm sank into the sea. 拼接了 charm 和 sea 两个原词，编出一个录音没说的事件。

  借用原文：a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed

• D)原词陷阱录音里 rock 确实出现，his anchor got stuck on the rock 说的是“船锚卡在岩石上”，因此捞起了珍珠，渔船并没有触礁损毁。选项 His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock. 盗用了 rock 这个原词，把“锚卡石头”夸大成“船触礁失事”，与录音不符。

  借用原文：his anchor got stuck on the rock

What was the fisherman forced to do?

题干强制语 forced 在原文原样出现。题干问 forced to do，录音里出现 When he was forced to sell it——forced 这个强制语在原文照样念出，它后面紧跟的动词 sell 就是答案动作。强制语原词重现是最直接的定位信号。

• When he was forced to sell it↔Sell the pearl he had kept for yearssell it 与 Sell the pearl 同指

• A)原词陷阱录音里 change locations 确实念到，forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations 指火灾后“搬家/换住处”，不是换打鱼的地方。选项 Change his fishing locations. 盗用 change locations 并擅自加上 fishing，把“搬家”偷换成“换渔场”。

  借用原文：change locations

• B)答非所问录音提到 tourist agent（旅游代理人），the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesa，选项 Find a job in a travel agency. 借这个相近词造出“去旅行社找工作”，但录音从没说渔夫去旅行社上班，是答非所问。

  借用原文：tourist agent at Puerto Princesa

• D)原词陷阱录音确有 island，while sailing off the coastal island in the Philippines 是说他在海边小岛附近航行时捞到珍珠，并非被迫去岛上住几晚。选项 Spend a few nights on a small island. 盗用 island 这个原词编出一个录音没有的动作。

  借用原文：sailing off the coastal island in the Philippines

What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?

告知动词 told him that 后接答案。题干问“从代理那里得知什么”，录音里 told him that the 77-pound giant pearl ... was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at 76 million pounds——告知动词 told him that 后面的整句就是他获知的信息，世界最大、价值 7600 万英镑都在此。

• was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at 76 million pounds↔His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable最大/值 7600 万 概括为 extremely valuable

• A)张冠李戴录音末尾确有 going on display 与 museum，before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists，但这是记者对珍珠未来去向的补充，不是 tourist agent 告诉渔夫的内容。题问“从代理处得知什么”，A 盗用了 display 原词却把出处张冠李戴。

  借用原文：going on display to attract more tourists

• C)与原文相反录音里 14 pounds 确实念到，The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum only weighs 14 pounds，但 14 磅是纽约馆那颗“真主之珠”的重量，且它比渔夫这颗小 5 倍，绝非“世界最大”。选项 The largest pearl in the world weighs 14 pounds. 把 14 磅安到“世界最大珍珠”头上，与原文相反。

  借用原文：only weighs 14 pounds. That is 5 times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in

• D)与原文相反录音提到 New York museum，The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum，但纽约馆藏的“真主之珠”比渔夫这颗小 5 倍，世界最大的是渔夫这颗。选项 A New York museum has the world's biggest pearl. 盗用 New York museum 原词，却把“世界最大”错按在它头上，与原文相反。

  借用原文：The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum only weighs 14 pounds

What do we learn about the woman's company?

女士自述公司即被介绍方的应答。这是女士在介绍『我们公司』的应答段，凡她报出的数字与年限都是答案候选。关键句 We are a global company with 75 years of history 把『75 年历史』直接念出，对应『历史悠久』这一条。

• with 75 years of history↔It boasts a fairly long history.具体年限概括成『历史悠久』

• B)原词陷阱录音说的是 branches in over 50 countries——50 多个『国家』有分支，B 却说 It has over 50 business partners.『50 多个商业伙伴』。它偷了原文的数字 50，却把 countries 偷换成 partners，是听到数字就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：branches in over 50 countries

• C)原词陷阱C 说 It has 75 offices around the world.『全球 75 个办公室』，数字 75 确在录音里，但原文是 75 years of history——75 修饰的是『年』不是『办公室』。它把 years 偷换成 offices，又是典型原词陷阱。

  借用原文：75 years of history

• D)张冠李戴D 说 It produces construction materials.『生产建筑材料』，但生产建筑用石材的是男士的家族企业 We manufacture and export stone for buildings，女士公司是做咨询的。这是把男方公司的业务安到女方公司头上的张冠李戴。

  借用原文：We manufacture and export stone for buildings and other constructions

What does the man say about his own company?

男方应答中亲口定性『家族企业』。这是男士回应女士『介绍一下你公司』的应答句，他亲口说 This is a family business，直接给出公司性质——被问者的应答里直陈的定性就是答案落点。

• This is a family business↔It is a family business.公司性质几乎原义对应

• A)原词陷阱A 说 It was started by his father.『父亲创办』，录音确有『谁创办』这一信息，但原文是 started by my grandfather——是『祖父』。它偷换了亲属辈分，是听到『started by』就想选的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：started by my grandfather in 1950

• B)原词陷阱B 说 It has about 50 employees.『约 50 名员工』，录音是 We employ just over 100 people『100 多人』。它借用了『员工人数』这个点，却把数字从 100 改成 50，是数字型原词陷阱。

  借用原文：We employ just over 100 people

• C)原词陷阱C 说 It is over 100 years old.『有 100 多年历史』，录音里 100 确实出现，但 just over 100 people 的 100 修饰的是『人』。原文还说创办于 in 1950，到今不足百年。它把『100 个人』偷换成『100 年』，是数字张冠李戴的原词陷阱。

  借用原文：We employ just over 100 people

What is the main problem with the man's company?

challenge 一词直接引出困难句。男方用 Our main challenge is that 这个标志短语亲口宣布主要困难，其后半句 we're losing competitive advantage 就是答案落点——『main challenge』几乎等同于题干的『main problem』，信号极明确。

• we're losing competitive advantage to stone producers in India↔Loss of competitive edge.动词短语名词化、advantage=edge

• A)原词陷阱A 说 Outdated product design.『产品设计过时』。男方讲的是客户要 a special kind of stone cut in a special design，只提到『按特殊设计切割石材』，从没说设计『过时』。这是借 design 一词、却把『特殊设计』曲解为『过时设计』的诱导。

  借用原文：a special kind of stone cut in a special design

• C)未提及C 说 Shortage of raw material supply.『原料供应短缺』。男方明说主要挑战是 our national currency is rising『货币升值』导致竞争力下降，全程没提原料短缺。这是把真实困难偷换成另一种听上去合理的麻烦。
• D)原词陷阱D 说 Legal disputes in many countries.『多国法律纠纷』。录音确实出现了印度和『国家』，但 stone producers in India 说的是印度的竞争对手，不是法律纠纷；女士提的 legal issues 也只是顾问可服务范围，与男方困难无关。它借了原文的地点与法律词来设套。

  借用原文：losing competitive advantage to stone producers in India

What does the woman suggest doing to help the man's company?

I would suggest 直接引出建议。女士用 I would suggest that 这一建议标志句开口，紧跟的动作 conduct a financial analysis 就是她建议先做的事；suggest 与题干 suggest doing 严丝合缝，信号最明确。

• conduct a financial analysis of your company↔Conducting a financial analysis for it.动词原形改成动名词、措辞几近一致

• A)未提及A 说 Introducing innovative marketing strategies.『引入创新营销策略』。女士只笼统说能在 from market analysis to legal issues『从市场分析到法律问题』各方面提供建议，但具体建议的第一步是财务分析，从未提『营销策略』。这是借 market 一词诱导的未提及项。

  借用原文：from market analysis to legal issues

• B)原词陷阱B 说 Seeking new ways to increase its exports.『想办法增加出口』。录音里 export 确实出现，但来自男方介绍业务 We manufacture and export stone，女士的建议是做财务分析，没说去增加出口。它盗用 export 一词，把男方的业务说成女方的建议。

  借用原文：We manufacture and export stone for buildings and other constructions

• C)未提及C 说 Providing training for its staff members.『为员工提供培训』。录音里既无 training 也无 staff，女士的建议只有财务分析与竞争对手分析。这是录音根本没出现过的内容。

What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

本人直陈感受+转折露底。信号有两层：一是她直接说 I honestly am impressed（亲口表态被打动）；二是转折 but not a full renovation，承认自己最多刷刷墙、做不了整套翻新——转折后才是她的真实水平。两处合起来锁定她是「被打动的外行」，而非行家。

• I honestly am impressed↔She is really impressed by the man's house.原话补出对象

• A)与原文相反a real expert at house decorations 与事实相反：她明说 not a full renovation、I wouldn't know where to start，自认不会整套翻新，根本不是装修专家。decorations 一词贴着话题，听到容易顺手选。

  借用原文：I wouldn't know where to start

• C)原词陷阱well informed about the design business 偷用了对话里的话题词 design——但谈 design 的是男士的房子像请了 professional interior designer，并非说「她」懂设计行业。她从未表现出对设计行业内行，反而说不知从何下手。

  借用原文：professional interior designer

• D)未提及attracted by the color of the sitting room 里「客厅 sitting room」确实在末段她自己家那句出现过（renovating our sitting room），但那是说她想翻新自家客厅，录音从没说她被「男士客厅的颜色」吸引，color 更是原文没提的。

  借用原文：renovating our sitting room

Where did the man get his ideas for the project?

被问者对Where的直接应答。女方刚问 Where did you get your ideas?，男方的应答 I've been regularly buying home design magazines 正是对这个 Where 的直接回答——对话题里，答案就落在被问者紧接着的回应中。

• buying home design magazines↔From home design magazines.近乎同词的来源

• A)原词陷阱a construction businessman 偷用原文 He's actually in the construction business——Greg 确实搞建筑，但那是帮忙施工 / 拿到折扣材料，不是点子的来源。把「帮忙的人」当成「点子来源」正是出题陷阱。

  借用原文：He's actually in the construction business

• B)张冠李戴his younger brother Greg 用了原文人名 Greg（a little help from my brother Greg），但 Greg 是帮他施工、弄到折扣材料的人，点子是他自己从杂志攒来的。听到人名就选是典型失分点。

  借用原文：a little help from my brother Greg

• D)与原文相反a professional interior designer 偷用原文 professional interior designer——但那句是女方猜「看起来像请了专业设计师吧？」，男方紧接着否认 No. I did it all by myself。原文恰恰说没请设计师，选项却拿它当来源。

  借用原文：No. I did it all by myself

What did the man say about the project he recently completed?

对贵不贵之问的直接应答。女方先问 Was it very expensive?，男方应答 Actually it was surprisingly affordable，正面回答了「花费」这一维——被问者对「贵不贵」的直接表态，就是答案句。

• surprisingly affordable↔The cost was affordable.同词换说花费
• Was it very expensive↔The cost was affordable.问贵被否再正向作答

• B)原词陷阱The style was fashionable. 里 style 偷用了原文 my overall style was quite minimal——但他说自己风格是「极简 minimal」，从没说「时髦 fashionable」，且这题问的是他对工程的总评，原文正面谈的是花费不是风格。

  借用原文：my overall style was quite minimal

• C)未提及The effort was worthwhile. 说付出值得，但录音里他谈的是花费便宜、卖旧家具凑钱，从没正面说「这份付出值不值」。worthwhile 是原文没给出的评价。
• D)偷换概念The effect was unexpected. 说效果出乎意料。原文 surprisingly 修饰的是「affordable（便宜得意外）」，而不是「效果」；把 surprisingly 错接到「effect」上，是偷换对象。

  借用原文：surprisingly affordable

Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?

邀请前的I'd love to表目的。请求句 Are you free to come over 之前那句 we'd love to get some inspiration from your experience 正点明邀请缘由——「I'd love to + 想得到什么」是目的题的落点信号。

• get some inspiration from your experience↔She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.取经=请其分享经验
• pick your brains a bit more↔share his renovation experience with her习语pick your brains=取经

• A)原词陷阱talk with Jonathan about a new project 偷用原文人名 Jonathan（Jonathan and I are thinking of renovating）——但 Jonathan 是和她一起想翻新客厅的人，她从没说请男士去「和 Jonathan 谈一个新项目」。听到 Jonathan 就选是陷阱。

  借用原文：Jonathan and I are thinking of renovating

• B)与原文相反show him around her newly-renovated house 说带他参观她「已翻新」的家——但她明说 thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway，是「正打算翻、还没翻」。把她还没做的事说成已完成，是时态 / 事实陷阱。

  借用原文：not the whole house, not yet anyway

• C)未提及discuss the house decoration budget 里 budget 是钱的话题，蹭了前文谈花费（affordable）的印象——但她请他来是为取经，全程没提要和他谈「预算」。这是把别处的话题硬搬过来。

What does England spend an annual three million pounds on?

花费数字句——costs…three million pounds。答案句的信号是"动作 + 花费 + 三百万"这一结构：Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost three million pounds a year 直接把题干里的 three million pounds 和它的用途（取异物）绑在一句，听到 costs…three million pounds 就锁定这是答案句。

• Removing foreign objects from ears and noses↔Removing objects from patients' noses and ears.foreign objects=objects、词序调换的同义改写

• A)答非所问录音通篇在讲医院取异物，孩子会联想到"付医院账单"，但原文从未说这三百万是用来 Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.，只说花在"取异物"这个动作上，付账单是凭"医院"二字脑补出来的。
• B)原词陷阱录音后文确实出现 Any ear, nose and throat surgeon，选项 Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases. 原样搬来 ear, nose and throat 这串词，但那是在讲外科医生的奇闻，不是说三百万花在"做研究"上，听到熟词就选会中招。

  借用原文：Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories

• D)原词陷阱录音反复提到 children，选项 Providing routine care for small children. 借这个高频词编出"日常护理"，但原文说钱花在"取异物"这个具体动作上，从没说花在"日常护理"，属拿熟词编新用途。

  借用原文：Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases

What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?

专有名词 + 两个年龄段并列。信号是题干专有名词的原样复现 According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics，紧接其后是两句年龄段并列陈述，把"1-4 岁→鼻""5-9 岁→耳"分别说清，正是要核对的答案句。

• Five- to nine-year-olds come to the hospital with something in their ears the most↔Five- to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.come to hospital with…the most=most likely to put…，结果换说成行为

• A)原词陷阱录音确有 children aged one to four were the most likely to need help…for a foreign object in their nose，但说的是"1-4 岁→鼻子"，选项 Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children. 盗用了 one to four 这个年龄段，却把后半改成原文没说的"比大孩子更好奇"，年龄对、结论错。

  借用原文：children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose

• C)偷换概念录音只讲鼻（nose）和耳（ears），选项 Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths. 借 foreign objects 这个原词，却把部位换成了"嘴 mouths"，原文从未说孩子往嘴里塞东西。

  借用原文：Removing foreign objects from ears and noses

• D)未提及选项 Many children like to smell things they find or play with. 说孩子"喜欢闻东西"，但这份统计句里只讲塞鼻塞耳、就医取物，全篇都没提"smell（闻）"这个行为，属凭"鼻子"联想脑补。

What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?

因果信号 attributed to 后面的 curiosity。答案信号是因果短语 is generally attributed to curiosity——attributed to（归因于）正是"导致原因"的信号，它后面紧跟的 curiosity 就是公认原因，听到 attributed to 立刻锁定其后那个词。

• is generally attributed to curiosity↔They are curious about these body parts.名词 curiosity ↔ 形容词 curious，名词转形容词
• Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears↔curious about these body parts"想探索鼻耳"="对这些身体部位好奇"，详述换概括

• A)未提及选项 They want to attract attention. 把原因说成"想引起注意"，但录音归因句明说原因是 curiosity，全篇没提 attract attention，属另起一个原文没有的原因。
• B)原词陷阱录音确有 Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears，选项 They tend to act out of impulse. 原样搬来 impulse 这个词，但原文的"冲动"是"探索鼻耳的冲动"、用来佐证好奇，并非把"一时冲动"本身当作公认原因，题目问的公认原因是 curiosity。

  借用原文：Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears

• C)原词陷阱录音后文提到 Batteries can pose a particular danger，让"没意识到风险"显得合理，但选项 They are unaware of the potential risks. 说的"没意识到危险"原文从未当作孩子塞东西的原因，公认原因是好奇，这是把后文的"危险"错接成原因。

  借用原文：Batteries can pose a particular danger

What did ReBicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?

人名出场后紧跟的动作句。题干点的人名 Leila 在原文反复出现，而真正承载「为她做了什么」的，是 ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle 这句——机构名 ReBicycle 与人名 Leila 同时出现、又带了 gave 这个给予动作，正是答案句的信号。

• a second-hand bicycle↔a used bicyclesecond-hand = used 同义替换

• B)原词陷阱原文确实提到 English language lessons，但那是说有了车之后通勤去上英语课的时间从三小时减到一小时，机构并没有为 Leila 付英语课学费。B 项 It paid for her English lessons. 把听到的 English lessons 原词搬过来，却安了个原文没有的 paid for，是典型「听到原词就想选」的陷阱。

  借用原文：they used to spend walking to and from English language lessons

• C)原词陷阱原文里 Leila 起初是自己 walk to the supermarket for basic supplies（走去超市买生活必需品），这是说她从前的困境，并非机构帮她送货。C 项 It delivered her daily necessities. 借用了 supplies/necessities 这层「生活必需品」的原词印象，编出一个机构「配送」的动作，实际机构给的是车不是货。

  借用原文：walk to the supermarket for basic supplies

• D)过度推断原文说 Leila 骑车后 her depression had begun to ease（抑郁开始缓解），这是骑车带来的心理变化，并不等于机构提供了 physical therapy（理疗）。D 项 It provided her with physical therapy. 抓住「身体/康复」的联想做了过度推断，原文从没说过理疗。

What is ReBicycle doing to help those in need?

now + 进行时标出当下举措。句中 is now expanding bike-riding lessons 同时含 now 和进行时 is expanding，正是「当下正在做的举措」的信号；题干 those in need 也原样出现在这句，双重提示这就是答案句。

• is now expanding bike-riding lessons↔Expanding bike-riding lessons.几乎原句压缩，去掉时态助词

• B)偷换概念原文讲的是给人自行车、让人能 travel farther but for almost no cost（几乎零成本走得更远），核心是「自行车」。B 项 Providing free public transport. 借「免费、出行」的听感，把自行车偷换成 public transport（公共交通），概念被掉包，原文从未说提供公共交通。

  借用原文：travel farther but for almost no cost

• C)原词陷阱原文提到人们从前 they used to spend walking（过去常常靠走路）通勤，是要被自行车取代的旧状态。C 项 Offering walking tours to visitors. 抓住 walking 这个原词，编出「为游客提供步行游」，既反了原文（机构是要减少走路、不是组织走路），也无中生有了 visitors。

  借用原文：The three hours a day, they used to spend walking to and from English language lessons

• D)偷换概念原文说机构 urgently looking for more volunteers（急招志愿者），求的是人手不是钱。D 项 Asking local people for donations. 把「求助于本地人」这层意思保留，却把要的东西换成 donations（捐款），张冠李戴成募捐，原文没有向人要钱。

  借用原文：we are urgently looking for more volunteers

What do we learn from the passage about ReBicycle?

开头自报性质 + 全篇行为印证。开篇 my charity ReBicycle 直接点明它是 charity（慈善机构），再由 has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need 免费捐车、looking for more volunteers 招募志愿者等行为印证——开头点题加全篇行为合起来锁定性质，是主旨题的定位信号。

• my charity ReBicycle↔a charity organizationcharity → charity organization 概括化

• A)张冠李戴原文提到 Leila 曾被邀请加入 a local bike club（当地一个自行车俱乐部），那是另一个组织，不是 ReBicycle 本身。A 项 It is a sports club. 借 bike club 的「俱乐部/运动」印象，把 ReBicycle 错认成体育俱乐部，张冠李戴到了别的组织头上。

  借用原文：she was invited to join a local bike club

• B)原词陷阱原文里 English language lessons 只是用来说明有了车之后通勤时间缩短，机构本身不教英语。B 项 It is a language school. 抓 English lessons 的原词，把机构错定成语言学校，原文从未说它是教语言的学校。

  借用原文：walking to and from English language lessons

• C)过度推断原文说 Leila 起初 quite down and unhappy、骑车后 depression 缓解，这是受助者的情绪变化。C 项 It is a counseling center. 抓住「情绪低落、好转」的线索，过度推断机构是心理咨询中心，原文从没说它做心理咨询。

  借用原文：After a few months of being quite down and unhappy

What do NASA scientists want to learn about?

目的信号 To that end 引出研究指向。To that end（为此）是承接上文'想了解更多'的目的信号，其后 studying how other species deal with low gravity 正是科学家想了解的内容，是承载答案的那一句。

• how other species deal with low gravity↔How animals deal with lack of gravity.other species=animals、low gravity=lack of gravity 的同义替换

• B)原词陷阱How mice interact in a new environment. 借用了原文反复出现的 mice 来诱选，但研究内容是'应对低重力'，不是 interact（互相往来）；mice 是真的，interact 是无中生有。

  借用原文：specifically focusing on mice

• C)原词陷阱How low gravity affects the human body. 盗用了开头的 the effects of low gravity on the human body 原词，但原文说人体方面'we know quite a bit'（已知不少），科学家'want to learn more'转去研究老鼠，故对人体的研究是旧信息，不是本题问的'想了解什么'。

  借用原文：we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body

• D)未提及How mice imitate human behavior in space. 拼接了 mice 和太空场景的原词，但原文从未说老鼠 imitate human behavior（模仿人类行为），是凭空捏造的研究内容。

What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?

时间锚 at the beginning + 状态词 uncomfortable。at the beginning of the experiment 与题干时间锚对应，紧跟的 the mice definitely seem uncomfortable 点明开头状态是'不适应'，后句 do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success 进一步具体化，是答案句。

• the mice definitely seem uncomfortable↔They were not used to the low-gravity environment.uncomfortable=not used to 的同义替换
• do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success↔not used to the low-gravity environment辨不清上下=不适应失重的因果归纳

• A)原词陷阱They found the space in the cage too small to stay in. 借了原文 within the small confines of the cage 里的 small 和 cage 原词，但 small confines 只是描述笼子空间小这个客观背景，原文从没说老鼠因此'待不下去（too small to stay in）'，是把背景词偷换成因果结论。

  借用原文：drifting within the small confines of the cage

• B)偷换概念They found it difficult to figure out where they were. 盗用原文 figure out which way is up 的 figure out，但原文说的是'辨不清哪边是上（方向/上下）'，不是'搞不清自己身在何处（where they were，位置）'，把'辨方向'偷换成了'辨位置'。

  借用原文：do their best to figure out which way is up

• D)与原文相反They were not sensitive to the changed environment. 说老鼠对环境变化不敏感，可原文明说它们 seem uncomfortable、笨拙地辨不清方向，恰恰是对变化高度有反应、很不适应，选项把极性说反了。

  借用原文：the mice definitely seem uncomfortable

What was observed about the mice on the eleventh day of the experiment?

时间锚 The eleventh day + 递进 not just…but actually。The eleventh day of the experiment 与题干时间锚对齐，递进结构 not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it 把状态推到'乐在其中'，正是那天观察到的核心情形，是答案句。

• actually seem to be enjoying it↔They already felt at home in the new environment.enjoying it=felt at home 的同义替换
• not just dealing with the gravity change↔already felt at home递进'不止应对'=已超越适应、到自在

• A)与原文相反They continued to behave as they did in the beginning. 说还跟开头一样，但原文第十一天明说它们从 uncomfortable 变到 enjoying it，状态已大变，A 与原文的变化方向相反。它还会蹭第25题'保持作息'的印象诱你混选。

  借用原文：the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning

• C)过度推断They had found a lot more activities to engage in. 借原文 running around the cage walls 让人觉得'活动变多'，但原文只说有几只绕笼壁跑，从没说它们'找到了更多种活动（a lot more activities）'，是把一个动作夸大成'活动种类增多'的过度推断。

  借用原文：running around the cage walls

• D)未提及They tried everything possible to escape from the cage. 盗用原文反复出现的 cage，且第23题选项里也埋过'逃笼'的诱饵，但原文从头到尾没说老鼠想 escape（逃跑），它们是适应并享受，不是想逃。

What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?

结论信号 The study showed 引出末句发现。The study showed 是篇章结尾引出结论的信号，其后 the mice kept much of their routines intact 正是实验的总结性发现，是答案句；前句的 on Earth 提供了对照参照。

• the mice kept much of their routines intact↔They behaved as if they were on Earth.保持地球上的作息=表现得像在地球
• cleaning themselves and eating when hungry↔behaved as if they were on Earth举例的地球式日常→概括为像在地球

• A)与原文相反They changed their routines in space. 盗用原文 routines 和太空场景，但原文明说 kept much of their routines intact（保持作息不变），A 说 changed（改变了），极性相反。

  借用原文：the mice kept much of their routines intact

• B)原词陷阱They began to eat less after some time. 盗用原文 eating when hungry 的 eat 原词，但原文只说'饿了就吃'（作息照旧的例子之一），从没说'吃得变少（eat less）'，是把'照常吃'偷换成'吃得少'。

  借用原文：eating when hungry

• D)偷换概念They repeated their activities every day. 借'保持日常活动'的意思，但加了 every day（每天）这一原文没有的绝对化限定，原文只说 kept much of their routines（保持大部分作息），并未说'每天重复'，属把范围/频率说死。

  借用原文：the mice kept much of their routines intact