2020年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

题干 What are teachers complaining about? 用 what 直接问一个客观事实，没有 infer/suggest/imply 之类的推断信号词。

题干 What are teachers complaining about? 是现在进行时的特殊疑问句，主语 teachers、谓语 are complaining about，介词 about 后被前置疑问词 what 取代，无从句、无否定，结构平铺直叙、无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  There are too many students requiring special attention. 把抱怨内容偷换成学生数量过多，但原文 a lack of training, expertise and support 抱怨的是教师自身资源不足，并未说学生人数太多。

• B)偷换概念

  They are under too much stress counselling needy students. 把抱怨内容换成教师承受过大压力，但原文 how ill-equipped they feel 抱怨的是装备不足，不是工作压力大。

• C)以偏概全

  Schools are inadequately equipped to implement any intervention. 用 any intervention（任何干预）把范围放大；原文只说教师在应对心理需求上装备不足，并未说学校不能实施任何干预。

• D)✓ 正确
  • a lack of training, expertise and support↔lack the necessary resources
  • to meet pupils' mental health needs↔to address pupils' mental problems

  预判的两个语义点（缺资源、为了应对学生心理问题）都精确落在 They lack the necessary resources to address pupils' mental problems. 里，故锁定。

What do we learn from the passage about community health services in Britain? 中 learn from the passage 是定向取信息，不是推断，问的是文中已陈述的事实。

题干结构为 What + do we learn + from the passage + about + community health services in Britain；about 短语限定要问的对象，in Britain 进一步限定地域。理解时把 What do we learn 视作信息询问的固定外壳，重心放在 about 后面那串名词短语，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services↔They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.
  • a significant decline of these services↔They have deteriorated

  预判的两个要点（衰退 + 预算削减为因）都精确落在 They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.，且因果方向一致，故锁定。

• B)无中生有

  They facilitate local residents' everyday lives. 说社区服务便利居民日常生活，但原文从未谈到对日常生活的便利，只谈预算与衰退。

• C)与原文相反

  They prove ineffective in helping mental patients. 说服务被证明无效，但原文 strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line 明确说有强证据证明其有效——正反相反。

• D)偷换概念

  They cover preventative care for the local resident. 看似呼应 preventing crises，但 preventative care 通常指预防性医疗保健，与原文 preventing crises further down the line（预防后续危机）不是一回事；且本题问的是文章对社区服务的描述要点，原文重点是衰退，不是预防覆盖。

题干 Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed? 用 where 直问地点，配 suggest 提示要找作者明确写出的建议位置，仍是文章里已有的事实陈述。

题干 Where does the author suggest mental health services be placed? 表层是特殊疑问句，深层是 suggest + that 从句的虚拟语气结构——从句省略了 that，谓语用 (should) be placed 的原形被动，should 被省略。基础薄弱考生易把 be placed 误读成时态错误，其实是 suggest 后建议性虚拟。

• A)无中生有

  At home. 在家中提供，原文 inside schools 与 Schools see young people more than any other service 反复强调学校，从未提到在家中提供心理服务。

• B)✓ 正确
  • inside schools↔At school.

  预判要求的地点是学校内部，四个选项里只有 At school. 对应，故锁定。

• C)与原文相反

  In hospitals. 与原文 a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting 的态度相反——作者把医院/诊所环境视为令人却步的，反对在医院里提供低强度服务。

• D)张冠李戴

  In communities. 看似呼应 low-level mental health services based in the community，但作者讲的是社区服务因预算削减已衰退（Cuts to local authority budgets… have resulted in a significant decline），主张方向已转向学校内部，不是继续放在社区。

What do we learn from the recent studies? 与第 47 题同句型，问的是研究直接给出的结论，不需要跨句推断。

题干 What do we learn from the recent studies? 与第 47 题同构，只是把 the passage 换成 the recent studies，结构无陷阱。

• A)无中生有

  Students prefer to rely on peers to relieve stress and anxiety. 称学生倾向于靠同龄人缓解压力焦虑，但研究结论是关于咨询地点（校内 vs 校外），从未谈到同伴这一路径。

• B)张冠李戴

  Young people are keen on building meaningful relationships. 与 build meaningful relationships with them over time 关键词重合，但原文中这句话的主语是 Schools/them（即提供方），不是青少年自己；且本题问 recent studies 的结论，而不是这句一般性描述。

• C)✓ 正确
  • prefer to see a counsellor in school↔more comfortable seeking counselling in school
  • children and young people↔Students

  预判的两个要点（学生群体 + 校内更愿）都精确落在 Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.，故锁定。

• D)无中生有

  Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities. 谈户外活动的益处，原文未出现 outdoor activities 这一概念。

题干 What does the author mean by a cultural shift 用 What does … mean by … 这一固定句型直问引文含义，是典型的词义句意题。

题干 What does the author mean by a cultural shift 是特殊疑问句，主干为 What does the author mean，介词短语 by a cultural shift 引出被询问的短语，注意 mean by 在此是固定搭配（凭 X 意指什么），后跟括号注明的行号定位。

• A)与原文相反

  Simplification of schools' academic curriculums. 简化学术课程，原文 combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum 强调学术课程要保持坚实，不是简化。

• B)无中生有

  Parents' involvement in schools' policy-making. 家长参与学校决策——原文呼吁的参与者是 Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders，并不包含家长，且谈的不是决策参与而是学校角色重塑。

• C)以偏概全

  A change in teachers' attitudes to mental health. 把转变的范围缩窄到教师态度，但原文 Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders 列出的转变主体不是教师，而是政界、决策者、采购者和校领导——主体错位、范围缩小。

• D)✓ 正确
  • reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services↔A change in the conception of what schools are.

  预判的核心（重新定义学校是什么）与 D 的措辞一对一对齐，且 D 的 conception 一词正好对应 cultural shift 中的 cultural（观念层面的）。