2020年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 2 篇 · 51–55 题答案与解析

Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food问的是作者为什么设置这个例子，不是问例子本身说了什么，属于例证目的题。

Why does the author ask us to imagine buying food in the movie theater?是一个why引导的特殊疑问句，主干为Why does the author ask us，to imagine buying food是ask的宾语补足语，in the movie theater作地点状语修饰imagine。结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • there's a good chance the marketing department purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy, making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small↔people's peculiar shopping behavior
  • Picture this: You're at a movie theater food stand↔To illustrate

  预判到答案是"展示异常购物行为"，选项里只有To illustrate people's peculiar shopping behavior同时覆盖illustrate（举例目的）和peculiar shopping behavior（异常购物行为），与预判完全吻合。

• B)无中生有

  the increasing variety of snacks说的是零食"种类的增多"，但原文从头到尾只谈大中小三种可乐的定价心理，根本没有讨论零食种类多寡。

• C)偷换概念

  how hard it can be to choose a drink说的是"选饮料有多难"。原文It's a tough decision确实承认决定难，但这只是引出诱饵效应的铺垫，作者的真正意图不是讲选择之难，而是讲选择被操纵；选项把铺垫当成目的，是偷换。

• D)无中生有

  how popular snacks are among movie fans说的是"零食在影迷中多受欢迎"，原文完全没有谈零食的受欢迎程度，也没把读者定义为movie fans。

Why is the medium soda priced the way it is问的是文中已明示的因果，是对原文具体信息的再现，属于细节题。

Why is the medium soda priced the way it is?主干为被动结构the medium soda is priced，the way it is是方式状语从句简写（=in the way that it is priced），整体问的是"为何如此定价"。考生需读懂被动语态，把priced还原成"被定价"。

• A)与原文相反

  To attract more customers to buy it说的是"吸引更多顾客来买中杯"，但If you're wondering who would buy the medium soda, the answer is almost no one明确告诉我们中杯定价的目的恰恰不是为了卖中杯本身。

• B)无中生有

  To show the price matches the amount说的是"展示价格与分量相符"，但原文从未声称中杯价格合理，反而暗示这种定价是营销操纵。

• C)偷换概念

  To ensure customers drink the right amount of soda说的是"确保顾客喝合适的量"，体现的是关怀消费者健康的善意动机；原文中营销部门的动机是purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy，即操纵性的，与善意正相反。

• D)✓ 正确
  • purposely priced the medium soda as a decoy, making you more likely to buy the large soda rather than the small↔To make customers believe they are getting a bargain
  • Medium may be the perfect amount of soda for you, but the large is only a quarter more↔getting a bargain

  预判答案是"让顾客觉得大杯划算/占便宜"，make customers believe they are getting a bargain里getting a bargain正是"占便宜"的标准说法，与预判精准匹配。

What do we learn from Dan Ariely's experiment问的是实验本身揭示了什么客观事实，是对原文的转述，属细节题。

What do we learn from Dan Ariely's experiment?是what引导的特殊疑问句，主干为we learn，from Dan Ariely's experiment为状语。结构直白，无陷阱。

• A)以偏概全

  Lower-priced goods attract more customers说的是"低价商品吸引更多顾客"。原文在加诱饵后的结果恰是"更多人选了更贵的"，并非低价更受欢迎；实验的核心是揭示诱饵效应，不是廉价致胜。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option↔The Economist's promotional strategy works

  预判答案是"实验证明诱饵策略有效"，The Economist's promotional strategy works里works即"奏效、起作用"，与预判中"有效"匹配；且promotional strategy恰好概括了The Economist的特殊定价做法。

• C)与原文相反

  The Economist's print edition turns out to sell the best说的是"纯纸质版卖得最好"，但原文No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription when you could get digital as well for the same price明确指出几乎没人单买纸质版——它根本不是最好卖的，而是诱饵本身。

• D)以偏概全

  More readers choose the digital over the print edition说的是"更多读者选数字版而非纸质版"。这只在But之前的场景（只有两个真实选项时）成立，But之后the addition of the bad option made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option改变了这个结果——而题问的是从整个实验中学到了什么，应当看But之后的发现。

For what purpose is "the bad option" added问的是文中明示的添加目的，是对原文信息的客观转述，归为细节题。

For what purpose is "the bad option" (Line 7, Para. 3) added?是被动疑问句，For what purpose是疑问短语前置，主语是the bad option，谓语是is added。括号内的Line 7, Para. 3是位置提示，不算原文成分。

• A)无中生有

  To cater to the peculiar needs of some customers说的是"迎合某些顾客的特殊需求"，但原文中加入诱饵的目的是营销操纵，不是为了满足顾客的任何需求；原文里No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription更直接说明没人需要这个选项。

• B)与原文相反

  To help customers to make more rational choices说的是"帮助顾客作出更理性的选择"，但原文加入诱饵恰恰让顾客作出了非理性的选择——选了更贵的而非更便宜的；选项把操纵动机说成助人为乐，方向反了。

• C)✓ 正确
  • made people much more likely to choose the more expensive print plus digital option↔To trap customers into buying the more pricey item
  • the more expensive print plus digital option↔the more pricey item

  预判答案为"使顾客买更贵的"，To trap customers into buying the more pricey item里trap...into精准对应"诱饵"的负面操纵色彩，more pricey精准对应more expensive，与预判完全匹配。

• D)偷换概念

  To provide customers with a greater variety of goods说的是"为顾客提供更多种类的商品"。原文中加诱饵不是为了丰富选项种类，而是为了利用对比心理把顾客推向最贵的那个选项。

How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?末尾according to the passage显式要求从文本中找答案，属细节题。

How do we assess the value of a commodity, according to the passage?主干是How do we assess the value，of a commodity是修饰value的后置定语，according to the passage是插入语，表示信息来源。结构清晰。

• A)无中生有

  By considering its usefulness说的是"考虑其用处"，但原文Value is almost never absolute; rather, we decide an object's value relative to our other choices明确指出价值是相对的，从未提到用处这个独立维度。

• B)✓ 正确
  • we decide an object's value relative to our other choices↔By comparing it with other choices
  • decide an object's value↔assess the value

  预判答案为"相对于其他选项"，By comparing it with other choices的comparing...with正是"相对"的动作化表达，与预判完全匹配。

• C)无中生有

  By taking its quality into account说的是"将其质量纳入考量"，原文从头到尾未谈商品质量；这是常识维度而非原文维度。

• D)偷换概念

  By examining its value equation说的是"通过检视其价值等式"。原文If more options are introduced, the value equation changes里的value equation是对评估过程的命名，不是用来评估的工具；选项把名词搬来制造熟悉，但用错了角色。