2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part Ⅲ Section A Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages
CET-4 · 来自 2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 · Part Ⅲ Section A · 完形填空(选词填空)

Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages

2024年6月英语四级真题第2套文章逐层精读

本文节选自网站https://www.psychologytoday.com在 2019 年 10 月 31 日发表的一篇标题为 “Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages” 的文章。

本页是 2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part Ⅲ Section A 文章的精读视角页——这篇新闻报道全文 274 词、3 段,CEFR 难度 C1(C1 级在英语四级文章中占 32%),作者立场为「客观中立」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part Ⅲ Section A 的完形填空(选词填空)原文,共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages

A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on "communicative abstraction" to verbally convey their ideas and emotions. Communicative abstraction, according to the researchers, reflects the tendency of people to use "abstract speech that focuses on the broader picture and ultimate purpose of action rather than concrete speech focusing on details and the means of attaining action." Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely to speak in the abstract than were women.

To arrive at this conclusion, the researchers examined the linguistic(语言的) patterns of men and women in over 600,000 blog posts written on websites. To do this, the researchers computed abstractness ratings for approximately 40,000 commonly used words in the English language. Words considered to be concrete could be easily visualized, such as "table" or "chair". Words that were more difficult to visualize, for example, "justice" or "morality" were considered to be more abstract. They found that men used significantly more abstract language in their blog posts.

What is the source of this effect? The researchers suggest that power differences between the genders—that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant(决定因素). For instance, in a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students, the researchers manipulated power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction. They found that participants in a high-power interviewer role were more likely to give abstract descriptions of behaviors than were participants in a low-power interviewee role. This suggests that communicating more abstractly does not reflect a fixed tendency of men or women but rather emerges within specific contexts.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Men's Greater Use of Abstract Language

    The study defines communicative abstraction and finds that men use it more than women.

    本段承担了新闻报道的 lead 功能:它先提出研究议题,再给出 men 比 women 更抽象地表达这一 headline finding,从而为全文后续的证据与原因解释建立中心。

    锁定研究发现
  2. P2

    Blog Data Supports the Gender Difference

    Large-scale blog-post analysis provides evidence that men use significantly more abstract language than women.

    本段是全文的 evidence 部分:它通过 large-scale blog data、词汇抽象度评分和具体 examples,使第一段的结论从单纯宣称变成有方法支撑的 empirical finding。

    样本验证结论
  3. P3

    Power, Not Gender, Explains Abstract Communication

    Experimental evidence suggests that power, rather than fixed gender traits, drives abstract communication.

    本段完成全文最关键的解释升级:它不仅回答了为什么 men 看起来更抽象地说话,还借助 experimental manipulation 指出 power context 才是更根本的机制,使文章主旨从性别差异描述上升到权力影响沟通方式的解释。

    追踪因果实验
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2024年6月英语四级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 communicative abstraction men's and women's

    What did the researchers find about men's and women's use of communicative abstraction?

    • A Women were much more likely than men to use abstract speech.
    • B Men and women used equally abstract speech when expressing emotions.
    • C Men were much more likely than women to use abstract speech.
    • D Men preferred concrete speech because it described the means of action.
    • E Women focused more on the ultimate purpose of action than men did.
    • F The researchers found no meaningful gender difference in verbal communication.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    该项完整保留了原文结论的三个得分点:比较对象 men 与 women、比较维度 abstract speech,以及强度信息 much more likely。选项将 communicative abstraction 转换为 abstract speech,属于 CET-4 常见的同义改写,而不是改变事实。其设置的障碍在于没有机械重复题干术语,考生必须把概念定义与结论表达对应起来。

    比较箭头验项 时间极紧时,直接用题干中的 communicative abstraction 锚定 第1段,不必先通读全文。随后执行“比较箭头”法:只看该术语附近含 men、women 与 than 的结论句,把比较箭头从更高倾向的一方指向较低倾向的一方;再检查各选项谁完全保留这支箭头及程度。与其逐个翻译六项,不如先用该箭头快速淘汰方向相反、无差异和因果扩写项,剩余与正确项一致的一项即为答案。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 commonly used English words concrete or abstract

    How did the researchers determine whether commonly used English words were concrete or abstract?

    • A They counted how often each word appeared in more than 600,000 blog posts.
    • B They asked website users to label words as concrete or abstract.
    • C They treated words related to morality as concrete examples.
    • D They rated words by how easily they could be visualized.
    • E They judged abstractness according to the ultimate purpose of an action.
    • F They classified words according to whether men or women used them more often.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项准确概括了具体与抽象的判定标准:easily visualized 的词归入 concrete,难以 visualized 的词归入 abstract。rated words 对应 computed abstractness ratings,属于概括性同义改写。障碍在于原文通过正反例分两句呈现规则,选项将其压缩成一条方法概述,考生必须整合信息而非只寻找完全相同的句子。

    可视化判尺 紧急作答时,用题干末尾的 concrete or abstract 反向扫描 第2段,并立即捕捉 could be easily visualized 与 difficult to visualize 这组镜像表达。不要先处理 600,000、40,000 等数字,因为数字最容易将你带往样本信息。把选项代入“可视化测试”这个单一判准:能解释两类划分的选项就是正确项;只谈博客、人数、性别或道德例词的选项迅速剔除。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 follow-up study communicative abstraction

    What does the follow-up study suggest about communicative abstraction?

    • A It is a fixed trait that naturally distinguishes men from women.
    • B It appears only when men act as interviewers.
    • C It is determined mainly by the number of students in a study.
    • D It causes men to obtain more power in society.
    • E It can arise from power roles in particular contexts rather than from a fixed gender tendency.
    • F It makes low-power interviewees give more abstract descriptions than high-power interviewers.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    该项对应后续实验的核心推论:当 interpersonal setting 中的 power role 被操纵后,高权力与低权力参与者呈现不同的 abstract descriptions,因此该现象不能被简单视为固定的 men 或 women 特质。rather than 准确保留了原文的限定性对照。障碍在于选项将具体的 interviewer 和 interviewee 角色提升为 power roles,并把末句的双重否定式结论整合为概括表达,需要考生完成合理归纳。

    操纵变量筛项 时间最紧时,以 follow-up study 直接定位 第3段,跳过前面的总体发现。然后不逐句翻译,改做“变量替换检验”:圈出实验中被研究者 manipulated 的 power dynamics,检查选项是否把解释归于可改变的 role 和 context。凡把原因写成固定 gender、样本人数或单向社会因果的选项,先删去;保留同时体现情境可变性与非固定性的正确项。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的新闻报道骨架

按新闻报道 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 研究发现:性别语言差异

    这个 lead paragraph 开门见山地呈现了 core finding:Priyanka Joshi 团队的 research 揭示 men 比 women 更倾向使用 abstract language。文中先解释了 communicative abstraction 这个 key concept,指的是用 broader picture 和 ultimate purpose 来表达而非 concrete details,然后直接抛出 main discovery 形成 news hook。

    作为 news report 的 opening,这个 sense group 直接 present 了整个 study 的 central finding,为后续的 methodology explanation 和 causal analysis 奠定 foundation。它用 surprising discovery 的方式 grab reader's attention,体现新闻报道 inverted pyramid structure 中最重要信息前置的 principle。

    呈现核心发现
  2. 研究方法:语料分析

    这个 sense group 转入 methodology section,详细描述了 researchers 如何通过 analyzing 超过 600,000 篇 blog posts 来 verify 他们的 hypothesis。重点在于解释 operational definition:他们给 40,000 个 common words 计算 abstractness ratings,用 visualization difficulty 作为 concrete 和 abstract 的 dividing line,最终 confirmed men 使用 significantly more abstract language。

    作为 news body 的 supporting section,这个 sense group 提供 methodological credibility,让 readers 了解 finding 的 empirical basis。它通过展示 large-scale data collection 和 systematic measurement approach 来 strengthen 前面 claim 的 reliability,体现新闻报道中 evidence-based reporting 的 standard。

    说明研究方法
  3. 原因探究:权力动态

    这个 concluding sense group 深入探讨 underlying mechanism:researchers 提出 power differences between genders 可能是 key determinant。通过 follow-up study 的 experimental manipulation,他们发现 high-power roles 促使 participants 使用 more abstract descriptions,证明这不是 men 或 women 的 fixed trait,而是 context-dependent phenomenon,最终 circle back 回应主旨中的 power dynamics explanation。

    作为 news report 的 closing section,这个 sense group 提供 explanatory depth,从 descriptive finding 推进到 causal understanding。它通过 introducing 一个 follow-up experiment 来 validate the power hypothesis,既 answer 了 'why' 的 question,又用 surprising twist(non-fixed trait)给 story 增加 complexity,体现深度报道中 beyond surface phenomenon 的 analytical dimension。

    解释成因机制
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首段锁定研究动作 P1

    新闻报道类文章通常在 first paragraph 就会呈现 main research finding 或 key discovery,通过识别 'examined'、'found' 这类 reporting verbs 和研究的 core subject,能够立即把握文章要报道的 central topic。

  2. 首段结尾关键发现 P1

    新闻报道追求 newsworthiness,最具 news value 的 finding 会在开篇就揭示。这里的 'Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely...' 用 'Interestingly' 这个 discourse marker 标注了 noteworthy discovery,这正是文章要传达的 primary message。

  3. 末段因果解释 P3

    优质的新闻报道不止于描述 what happened,还会探讨 why it happened。末段通常包含 underlying mechanism 或 root cause analysis,这构成了文章主旨的 depth dimension。这里的 'power differences... might be a key determinant' 就揭示了 phenomenon 背后的 driving force。

  4. 末段对比性颠覆 P3

    这篇文章的 critical insight 在于 'does not reflect a fixed tendency... but rather emerges within specific contexts',这个 contrast structure 否定了 essentialist view 并提出了 situational explanation。这种 paradigm shift 是文章的 deeper thesis,超越了简单的 gender difference report。

  5. 三层信息整合陈述 P1 P3

    这个 synthesis step 整合了前面步骤获取的 key elements:descriptive finding(男性用更 abstract language)、causal mechanism(来自 power dynamics)和 conceptual reframing(而非 fixed gender traits)。这三层信息共同构成了文章的 complete thesis。

主旨信号词 examined P1 Interestingly P1 far more likely P1 source P3 might be a key determinant P3 does not reflect... but rather emerges P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

Priyanka Joshi团队的研究揭示,男性在交流中比女性更多使用抽象语言,研究通过博客文章分析和访谈者-被访谈者角色的实验操控表明,这种差异源于权力动态而非固定的性别特质。
Research by Priyanka Joshi's team reveals men use more abstract language than women in communication, with studies showing this difference stems from power dynamics rather than fixed gender traits, as demonstrated through blog post analysis and experimental manipulation of interviewer-interviewee roles.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • abstract 抽象的;概括的;非具体的

    现在让我们把这三条 clues 串联起来。首先,definition 告诉我们 abstract 关注的是 broader picture 而非 details;然后,examples 用'难以视觉化'这个标准进一步 clarify 了这个 concept——抽象的东西无法在脑海中形成具体 image;最后,词根分析揭示了'从具体中抽离'的本质。这三个 perspectives 共同指向一个 conclusion:abstract 描述的是一种远离具体、细节的,聚焦于 general concepts、principles 或 broader meaning 的思维方式或表达方式。

    定义-例证-词根三角验证
  • manipulate 操纵;控制;人为调整(实验变量或条件)

    把这些 clues 综合起来分析:第一,context 显示 manipulate 是 researchers 为了观察某个 effect 而做的 intentional operation;第二,具体的 example 表明这是通过设置不同的 experimental conditions 来实现的;第三,词根揭示了'用手操控'的 underlying meaning。三条线索共同指向一个 conclusion:manipulate 在学术 context 中指的是'有意识地控制、调整某个 variable 或 condition',特别是在 experimental setting 中,为了研究其对其他 factors 的 influence。

    学术语境功能分析法
  • emerge 浮现;显现;(在特定情境下)产生

    整合三条 clues:对比结构告诉我们 emerge 描述的是 situational、非固定的 phenomenon;逻辑关系分析显示这是在特定 conditions 触发后才 appear 的 pattern;词根分析提供了'从中浮现'的 visual metaphor。三个 angles 共同勾勒出 emerge 的核心 meaning:描述某种现象、特质或 pattern 不是 inherently exist,而是在特定 circumstances、conditions 或 contexts 下才 gradually appear、become apparent 或 come into existence。

    动态过程的立体解析
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 数据引用

    P2

    作者在 第2段 中引入了 quantitative evidence,提到 over 600,000 blog posts 和 approximately 40,000 commonly used words 这些 specific numbers。这种 data-driven approach 为文章的 central claim 提供了 solid empirical foundation,让读者感受到研究的 rigor 和 credibility。通过展示 large-scale analysis,作者成功地将一个可能存在 gender stereotype 争议的观点转化为一个有 statistical backing 的 scientific finding。

    信号词 over 600,000 approximately 40,000 300 students significantly more

    仿写: 写作时要问自己:What numbers can I cite? 你需要寻找能够 quantify 你观点的 data points。建议采用 progressive revelation:先提出 claim,再用 specific figures 支撑。仿写模版:'Researchers analyzed [具体数量] [研究对象] to examine [研究问题]. The study included [another specific number] [related elements], revealing that [研究发现].'

  • 客观描述

    P2

    在 第2段 中,作者详细描述了 research methodology,解释 abstractness ratings 的 computation process 以及如何 distinguish concrete words(如 'table' or 'chair')和 abstract words(如 'justice' or 'morality')。这种 objective explanation 让读者理解研究的 operational definitions,避免了 ambiguity。通过 transparent description of methods,文章增强了 scientific validity,让读者能够 evaluate 研究结论的 reliability。

    信号词 To do this according to were considered to be were defined as involved

    仿写: 写作时要保持 neutral stance,使用 descriptive verbs 而非 evaluative adjectives。提问自己:Am I presenting facts or opinions? 建议使用 process-oriented language。仿写模版:'To [accomplish research goal], researchers [specific action taken]. [Research element] was defined as [clear definition]. Words such as [concrete examples] were categorized as [category], while [contrasting examples] were classified as [another category].'

  • 设问引导

    P3

    第3段 开头使用了 rhetorical question 'What is the source of this effect?',这个 strategic questioning 创造了 narrative transition,从 describing findings 转向 explaining causation。这种 technique 不仅 engages readers' curiosity,还 mirrors the scientific inquiry process,让读者和研究者一起 explore the underlying mechanisms。通过这个 question,作者自然地引入了 power dynamics 这个 key explanatory factor,使文章结构更具 logical flow。

    信号词 What is Why does How can What explains What accounts for

    仿写: 使用设问时要确保问题 genuinely advances the discussion。问自己:Does this question lead to new information? 建议在 introducing new perspectives 或 shifting focus 时使用。仿写模版:'What [explains/causes/drives] this [phenomenon/pattern/finding]? [Researchers/Experts] suggest that [explanation]. For instance, [supporting evidence or example].'

  • 引语运用

    P1

    第1段 中作者引用了研究者对 'communicative abstraction' 的 formal definition,使用 quotation marks 标注。这种 direct citation 为 technical term 提供了 authoritative explanation,避免了作者 paraphrasing 可能带来的 distortion。通过引入 researchers' own words,文章确保了 conceptual accuracy,让读者获得 first-hand understanding of the key construct。这对于建立文章的 academic credibility 至关重要。

    信号词 according to as stated by researchers noted experts suggest the study indicates

    仿写: 使用引语时要 selective:只引用那些 uniquely phrased 或 particularly authoritative 的内容。问自己:Does the original wording add value? 建议用引语来 introduce key concepts 或 capture expert opinions。仿写模版:'[Concept/phenomenon], according to [source], [is defined as/refers to/reflects] "[direct quote providing definition or explanation]." This [indicates/suggests/reveals] that [interpretation or implication].'

  • 对比手法

    P1 P2 P3

    文章在 第2段 中构建了 concrete vs. abstract words 的 systematic contrast,用 'table' 和 'chair' 对比 'justice' 和 'morality',通过 easily visualized vs. difficult to visualize 的 dichotomy 来阐释 abstraction 的 concept。这种 juxtaposition 让 abstract theoretical concept 变得 tangible。同时,第1段 中 men vs. women 的对比以及 第3段 中 high-power vs. low-power roles 的对比,都强化了文章的 central theme about gender differences in language use。

    信号词 rather than while whereas in contrast compared to more...than

    仿写: 使用对比时要确保 elements being compared 是 truly comparable。问自己:Do these contrasts illuminate my point? 建议使用 parallel structure 来强化对比效果。仿写模版:'Words such as "[concrete examples]" could be easily [characteristic], while [contrasting examples] like "[abstract examples]" were more difficult to [opposite characteristic]. Researchers found that [Group A] used significantly more [feature] than [Group B].'

  • 背景交代

    P1

    第1段 开头用 'A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined...' 建立了 research context,随后通过 'according to the researchers' 引入 theoretical framework。这种 contextual setup 为后续的 detailed findings 提供了 necessary foundation。通过 clearly establishing who conducted the research 和 what they studied,作者为读者构建了 interpretive framework,让复杂的 linguistic analysis 有了 clear reference point。

    信号词 led by conducted by according to examined investigated a study by

    仿写: 提供背景时要 balance brevity and completeness。问自己:What does the reader need to know upfront? 建议在 article opening 简洁地 establish the 5Ws(who, what, when, where, why)。仿写模版:'A team of [researchers/experts] led by [name] [examined/investigated/analyzed] the [research subject]. [The concept/phenomenon], according to [source], [definition or explanation]. [Initial finding in simple terms].'

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 抽象语言使用的性别差异具有统计显著性

    P2
    men used significantly more abstract language in their blog posts

    程度副词强化类 significantly considerably substantially markedly notably remarkably dramatically

    significantly 这个词传递的言外之意是:男性使用抽象语言的倾向不是微小的或可忽略的差异 negligible difference,而是经过统计检验 statistical test 后确认的显著模式 significant pattern。这强化了研究的核心发现 core finding,为后续段落探讨原因 explore causes 奠定了坚实基础 solid foundation。对文章主旨的作用是:建立了性别语言差异的客观存在性 objective existence,使得后续关于权力动态 power dynamics 的解释更有说服力,因为它首先证明了这个现象值得深入研究 worth in-depth study。

  • 性别语言差异可能源于社会结构而非生理本质

    P3
    power differences between the genders—that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant

    情态动词弱化类 might be may be could be possibly perhaps potentially seem to

    might be 传递的言外之意是:研究者提出了权力差异 power differences 作为关键决定因素 key determinant,但这是一个需要验证的假设 hypothesis to be tested 而非既定事实 established fact。这为第三段的 follow-up study 做了铺垫 set the stage,暗示接下来会用实验 experiment 来检验这个假设。对文章主旨的价值在于:它转移了焦点 shift focus 从简单的性别差异描述 gender difference description 到更深层的社会结构解释 social structure explanation,暗示这种语言差异不是固定的生物学特征 fixed biological trait,而是可变的社会建构 malleable social construct。这为文章最后强调 context-specific (特定情境中产生) 的结论做了关键的理论准备 theoretical preparation。

  • 通过实验操纵验证因果关系而非仅观察相关性

    P3
    the researchers manipulated power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction

    方法论转折类 manipulated controlled assigned designed created induced altered

    manipulated 这个词的言外之意是:第二段的博客分析 blog analysis 虽然发现了性别差异 gender difference,但那只是自然观察 natural observation,无法证明权力 power 是真正的原因 true cause (可能是其他因素如教育 education、职业 occupation 等)。通过操纵 manipulate 权力动态,研究者人为创造了 artificially created 高权力和低权力情境 high/low power situations,然后观察抽象语言使用的变化 change in abstract language use。这证明了因果关系 causal relationship:是权力本身 power itself 导致抽象语言增加,而不仅仅是与性别相关 correlated with gender。对文章主旨的核心价值是:它支撑了最后一句的关键论断 key assertion——抽象语言使用 does not reflect a fixed tendency 而是 emerges within specific contexts。这个实验证据 experimental evidence 将文章从简单的性别差异报道 gender difference report 提升为关于社会建构语言模式 socially constructed language pattern 的深刻洞察 profound insight。

  • 否定性别本质主义转向情境建构主义

    P3
    communicating more abstractly does not reflect a fixed tendency of men or women but rather emerges within specific contexts

    对比转折类 does not reflect...but rather does not...but rather not...but instead not...rather rather than instead of contrary to

    这个对比结构的言外之意非常深刻:它否定了 a fixed tendency (固定倾向),这直接挑战了性别本质主义 gender essentialism 的观点——即认为男性和女性有天生不同的交流方式 inherently different communication styles。转而强调 emerges within specific contexts (在特定情境中产生),这将语言差异 language difference 重新定义为社会建构的 socially constructed、情境依赖的 context-dependent、因此可变的 malleable 现象。对文章主旨的价值在于:这是全文的理论升华 theoretical elevation 和实践启示 practical implication。它告诉读者:1) 性别语言差异不是生物学命运 biological destiny;2) 改变权力结构 power structure 可以改变交流模式 communication pattern;3) 这为性别平等干预 gender equality intervention 提供了科学依据 scientific basis。这个结论将一个简单的观察性发现 observational finding (男性更抽象) 转化为关于社会权力如何塑造语言行为 how social power shapes linguistic behavior 的重要洞察 important insight,完全改变了问题的性质 nature of the question 从 'who' (谁更抽象) 到 'why' (为什么) 再到 'how to change' (如何改变)。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:客观中立

结论先行:本文作者态度为客观中立( Objective and informative with neutral presentation)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开篇叙述人称 P1

    新闻报道中的 neutral tone 通常会用 third-person narration 来 introduce research,而不是用 first-person perspective 表达 subjective views。这种 reporting structure 本身就是 objectivity 的一个 signal,因为作者把自己放在了 information transmitter 的位置,而不是 opinion provider 的角色。

  2. 描述性词汇选择 P1 P2 P3

    Evaluative language 是判断 author's stance 的关键 indicator。如果作者想 express approval 或 disapproval,通常会在 describing findings 时加入 attitude markers。但这篇文章里,即使 findings 显示 gender difference,作者也只是 report the fact,没有 comment on whether this is good or bad。这种 restrained language 表明 neutral position。

  3. 结论确定性程度 P3

    Objective reporting 的一个重要特征是 acknowledge uncertainty 和 present tentative conclusions。用 'might'、'suggest'、'could be' 这类 hedging language 说明作者在 faithfully represent 研究的 cautious tone,而不是 overstate findings 来 push a particular agenda。这种 linguistic caution 反映了 neutral stance。

  4. 篇章组织目的 P1 P2 P3

    文章的 organizational pattern 反映了 communicative intent。如果是 objective reporting,通常会按照 logical sequence 来 present information:research question → method → findings → interpretation。这种 structure 本身就表明作者的 goal 是 inform rather than persuade。而如果文章是 opinion piece,可能会用 problem-solution structure 或者 argumentative structure 来 build a case。

文中的态度信号词

  • examined P1

    'Examined' 是一个 neutral reporting verb,表示作者在 describe 研究者的 action,而不是在 evaluate 研究的 quality 或者 findings 的 significance。这种 verb choice 把作者定位为 information reporter,而不是 critic 或 advocate,从而 establish 了 objective tone。

    同类词 investigated studied analyzed explored assessed

  • Interestingly P1

    'Interestingly' 看似是 subjective marker,但在 academic reporting 中它是一个 conventional device,用来 highlight noteworthy findings without expressing strong personal opinion。它的作用是 guide readers' attention to important results,而不是 impose author's judgment。这种 mild emphasis 仍然 maintain 在 objective reporting 的 boundaries 内。

    同类词 Notably Importantly Significantly Remarkably Surprisingly

  • according to P1

    'According to the researchers' 这个 phrase 明确 attribute 观点给 source,说明作者在 relay others' ideas 而不是 present 自己的 interpretation。这种 explicit attribution 是 objective reporting 的 hallmark,它 creates distance between author and content,让 readers 知道这是 reported speech 而不是 author's own claim。

    同类词 as stated by as reported by as noted by in the view of from the perspective of

  • suggest P3

    'The researchers suggest' 这个 expression 用 hedging verb 来 present interpretation,表明这是 tentative conclusion 而不是 definitive fact。作者 faithfully reproduce 了研究的 cautious tone,没有 strengthen 或 weaken the claim,这 reflect 了 neutral reporting stance,既不 oversell findings 也不 dismiss them。

    同类词 indicate imply point to hint at seem to show

  • might be P3

    'Might be a key determinant' 这个 phrase 用 modal verb 'might' 来 express possibility rather than certainty。这说明作者在 reporting 一个 hypothesis 或 potential explanation,而不是 stating a proven fact。这种 linguistic choice 维持了 objective stance,因为作者没有 overstate research conclusions 或者 present speculation as established truth。

    同类词 could be may be possibly perhaps potentially

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇新闻报道

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇新闻报道?

  1. 时间锚点的有无 P1

    新闻报道强调 timeliness 和 newsworthiness,会在开头交代 when the news happened 或 when it was announced;而说明文(本文属于此类)直接进入 topic explanation,没有 time frame 或 event context,只有 research content itself。议论文则会在开头提出 thesis statement。

  2. 新闻价值框架 P1 P2 P3

    新闻报道需要 justify its newsworthiness,会包含 significance statements 或 broader context(如这项研究如何影响 gender equality debates、引发了什么 public discussion);说明文只需 systematically present information,不强调 immediate relevance 或 social buzz;议论文会有 author's evaluative stance。本文纯粹是 presenting research,无 news angle。

  3. 信息组织逻辑 P1 P2 P3

    本文采用 systematic explanatory structure:第一段 introduce topic,第二段 explain methodology,第三段 discuss causation,这是典型的 expository organization。新闻报道会在第一段就给出 key findings and significance,后续段落补充 details。议论文则是 claim → evidence → reasoning 的 argumentative structure。

  4. 说明文特征确认 P1 P2 P3

    说明文和新闻报道的 fundamental difference:说明文的 goal 是 educate/explain(本文在解释 gender differences in abstract language),新闻报道的 goal 是 inform about recent events with timeliness。本文虽然 reports research,但缺少 temporal immediacy、news value framing、inverted structure 这三个 news-defining features,符合 expository genre。

哪些词暴露了新闻报道体裁?

  • A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi P1 新闻来源与引用词 the researchers according to the researchers the researchers suggest the researchers found
  • over 600,000 blog posts P2 核心事实概括词(量化数据词) approximately 40,000 commonly used words a sample of 300 students high-power interviewer role low-power interviewee role
  • found P1 报道转述动词(研究结论转述词) suggest examined computed manipulated conducted
  • a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students P3 研究进展与事件时间线词 a follow-up study To arrive at this conclusion For instance, in a follow-up study This suggests that
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

7 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 的常见问题

2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part Ⅲ Section A 文章 Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 的原文出自哪里?
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套 Part Ⅲ Section A 文章 Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 节选自网站https://www.psychologytoday.com在 2019 年 10 月 31 日发表的一篇标题为 “Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages” 的文章。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套文章 Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 的主旨是什么?
Priyanka Joshi团队的研究揭示,男性在交流中比女性更多使用抽象语言,研究通过博客文章分析和访谈者-被访谈者角色的实验操控表明,这种差异源于权力动态而非固定的性别特质。(英文表述:Research by Priyanka Joshi's team reveals men use more abstract language than women in communication, with studies showing this difference stems from power dynamics rather than fixed gender traits, as demonstrated through blog post analysis and experimental manipulation of interviewer-interviewee roles.)
Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages(2024年6月英语四级真题第2套文章)是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为新闻报道,作者立场是客观中立(Objective and informative with neutral presentation)。CEFR 难度 C1,全文 274 词、3 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,C1 级共 163 篇(占 32%)。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套文章 Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 3 段按新闻报道骨架分为 3 个意群:第1段——研究发现:性别语言差异;第2段——研究方法:语料分析;第3段——原因探究:权力动态。
Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 一文的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是客观中立(Objective and informative with neutral presentation)。判断路径:开篇叙述人称 → 描述性词汇选择 → 结论确定性程度 → 篇章组织目的;文中的态度信号词包括 examined(第1段)、Interestingly(第1段)、according to(第1段)、suggest(第3段)、might be(第3段)。
2024年6月英语四级真题第2套文章 Men and Women (Sort of) Speak Two Different Languages 中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 3 个:abstract(抽象的;概括的;非具体的)、manipulate(操纵;控制;人为调整(实验变量或条件))、emerge(浮现;显现;(在特定情境下)产生),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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