2018年12月·第1套英语四级写作 · 题目、范文与解析
本页是 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作 的写作真题页（四六级短文写作）—— 与试卷排版同一卷面：完整写作要求（Directions，词数要求 120–180 词）连续排印 ，卷面下方直接给出参考范文（151 词）与整篇中译、逐段拆解，另附审题立意、谋篇句架与评分自检 。
写作题和范文
本页写作题面、参考范文与逐段解析由懒笔记基于2018年12月·第1套 英语四级写作原卷整理。与试卷排版同一卷面：完整写作要求（Directions，含主题、文体、词数与署名约束）连续排印。写作是生产性任务、无 ABCD 标准答案——题面即整道题；卷面下方直接给出满足全部硬约束的参考范文、整篇中译与逐段拆解。
【参考范文 · 151 词】写作无唯一标准答案，以下为达标示范
Living in a big city may look glamorous, but it actually confronts ordinary residents with a series of tough challenges. From my point of view, three of them stand out and deserve our serious attention.
To begin with, the high cost of living places a heavy financial burden on city dwellers. Renting even a small apartment near the centre can easily swallow half of an average monthly salary. In addition, overcrowding makes daily life exhausting, for commuters are often packed into a crowded subway carriage for more than an hour twice a day. Moreover, the fast pace and fierce competition leave many people constantly stressed, while neighbours living next door barely know one another.
In conclusion, expensive housing, overcrowding and mounting pressure are the real prices of urban life. Only by budgeting wisely and setting aside time to relax can we cope with these challenges instead of being overwhelmed by them.
【参考译文】
在大城市生活也许看起来光鲜，但它实际上让普通居民面临一连串棘手的挑战。在我看来，其中三点尤为突出，值得我们认真对待。
首先，高昂的生活成本给城市居民带来沉重的经济负担。哪怕在市中心租一间小公寓，都可能轻易吞掉一个人平均月薪的一半。此外，过度拥挤让日常生活疲惫不堪，通勤者常常一天两次被塞进拥挤的地铁车厢一个多小时。再者，快节奏和激烈的竞争让许多人长期处于紧张之中，而住在隔壁的邻居彼此几乎互不相识。
总之，昂贵的住房、拥挤和不断累积的压力，是城市生活真正的代价。只有精打细算、并留出时间放松，我们才能应对这些挑战，而不是被它们压垮。
【第 1 段】反差点题、预告分点。首句用 may look glamorous, but ... confronts ordinary residents with a series of tough challenges 落实‘反差点题句架’，一句就把主题词 challenges 接进来、亮明立场；第二句 three of them stand out ... 预告分点，完成首段‘点题亮立场’的功能。
【第 2 段】三过渡词领三例证。用 To begin with / In addition / Moreover 领出经济、空间、心理三点，落实‘分点过渡句架’；每点都配了具体现象——swallow half of an average monthly salary、packed into a crowded subway carriage for more than an hour、neighbours ... barely know one another——把抽象挑战写成看得见的画面，避免空洞。
【第 3 段】浓缩重述加应对表态。In conclusion, expensive housing, overcrowding and mounting pressure ... 用并列名词把三点收拢回扣中心；Only by budgeting wisely and setting aside time to relax can we ... 用倒装给出应对态度，落实‘总结重申’与‘应对表态’两条句架，干净收尾。
这道题到底要写什么、立意是什么
动笔前先钉死本题的核心写作任务与读者语域 ，再定中心立意与要展开的要点 —— 这些是本题特有的内容判断，不是通用套路。
写大城市生活的挑战
题目要你 write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city，任务钉死为：写一篇短文，论述在大城市生活所面临的‘挑战/困难’。重心词是 the challenges of living in a big city 里的 challenges，只谈难处、不谈好处，也不做利弊对比。
面向阅卷人的正式书面语
本题是纯议论短文，没有具体收信人，也无署名要求，因此不设称呼与落款。语域按四级作文的默认口径即可：面向阅卷人的正式书面语，用完整句、少用缩写和口语，观点清楚、语气客观。
大城市生活面临多重挑战
中心立场：在大城市生活光鲜的表象之下，普通居民要面对多重实实在在的挑战。全文只论证‘挑战之多之重’，不给它翻案、不补写好处，牢牢守住 the challenges of living in a big city 的焦点。
- 经济维度：高生活成本 高昂的生活成本带来沉重的 financial burden，尤其是房租——市中心一间小公寓就可能吞掉半个月工资，这是最直观的‘钱’上的挑战。
- 空间维度：拥挤与通勤 overcrowding 让日常疲惫不堪，早晚被塞进拥挤的地铁一两个小时，是大城市‘地方不够’的典型现象。
- 心理维度：压力与疏离 快节奏与 fierce competition 让人长期紧张，邻里之间互不相识，带来精神压力和人际疏离，是‘心情’上的挑战。
怎么分段、每段写什么、能套哪些句架
按写作家族给出现成的段落框架（每段承担什么功能），并为每段配可直接套用的 功能句架（留出填本题内容的空位）。段序与上方参考范文一一对应。
- 第 1 段 首段·点题亮立场 开门见山承接题目，指出大城市生活看似光鲜、实则挑战重重，并预告下文将谈几个方面。
- 第 2 段 主体段·分点论证 用过渡词依次展开经济、空间、心理三个维度的挑战，每点配一句具体现象作例证。
- 第 3 段 尾段·收束表态 重申三大挑战，并给出一句理性的应对态度，收束全文。
点明在大城市生活对普通居民意味着一连串实实在在的挑战，紧扣 the challenges of living in a big city，并预告下文将谈三个最突出的方面。
- 反差点题句架 ___ may look glamorous, but it actually confronts ___ with a series of tough challenges.（前空填主题、后空填对象，一句制造反差、亮出焦点）
- 预告分点句架 From my point of view, ___ of them stand out and deserve our serious attention.（用数量词预告下文分点，让结构可预期）
依次写：高生活成本带来 financial burden（房租吞掉半月工资）、overcrowding 让通勤疲惫（地铁一两小时）、快节奏与 fierce competition 造成压力与疏离（邻里互不相识），三点分属不同维度、各有细节。
- 分点过渡句架 To begin with, ___. In addition, ___. Moreover, ___.（三个过渡词依次领出三个分点，串起主体段）
- 现象举证句架 ___ places a heavy financial burden on ___, for / as ___.（先给分论点，再用 for/as 接一句具体现象作证据）
把 expensive housing、overcrowding、mounting pressure 三点收拢为‘城市生活的真实代价’，再给一句理性应对（精打细算、留出放松时间）作结，呼应全篇的挑战主题。
- 总结重申句架 In conclusion, ___, ___ and ___ are the real prices of ___.（用并列名词把分点浓缩重述，回扣中心）
- 应对表态句架 Only by ___ can we cope with these challenges instead of being overwhelmed by them.（用 Only by 倒装给出应对态度，收束有力）
本题在四个评分维度怎样算达标、容易在哪丢分
按阅卷四维（内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式）给出本题达标要点，并把最容易踩的低分写法摆出来 + 给改法 —— 这是写作版的「狠拆诱人错项」。
- 内容切题 全篇只谈挑战 本题重心是 the challenges of living in a big city 中的‘挑战’，达标要点是三段都紧扣难处；最易失分处是把它写成‘大城市的利与弊’双面论述，淡化了焦点。
- 结构连贯 三段各司其职 本题达标要点是‘点题—分点—收束’三段分明、过渡词串起主体段的三点；易失分处是通篇一段不分段，或分点之间没有连接词，读起来像流水账。
- 语言准确 善用挑战类词汇 本题适合用 financial burden、high cost of living、fierce competition、overcrowded、stressful 等表‘挑战/压力’的词提升准确度；易失分处是把‘压力大、节奏快’逐字直译成生硬中式英语。
- 字数格式 卡进给定区间 本题有硬性字数区间——题目要求 at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，写不够或大幅超出都会扣分；同时无收信人、无署名，纯议论短文按正文三段呈现即可。
- 写成利弊两面 反面示例：‘Although big cities have many challenges, they also offer more job opportunities and better services.’——后半句在替城市翻案，冲淡了挑战焦点。改为只谈难处：‘Besides high costs, big cities also expose residents to fierce competition and constant pressure.’
- 只堆名词无例证 反面示例：‘Life in big cities is stressful, fast and difficult, and people feel a lot of pressure every day.’——通篇抽象、没有一个可感细节。改为落地：‘Commuters are often packed into a crowded subway for more than an hour twice a day, which leaves them exhausted before work even begins.’
- 万能开头空转 反面示例：‘With the rapid development of society and economy, more and more problems have appeared in our daily life nowadays.’——不着边际、浪费字数。改为切题开头：‘Behind the glamour of a big city lie a series of tough challenges that ordinary residents must face every day.’
常见问题
围绕本题的写作题目与要求、作文类型、立意要点、参考范文、谋篇分段与评分丢分，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作的写作题目是什么？要求写多少字？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作（Part I）的写作要求为：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 本题要求120–180 词。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作属于哪种类型的作文、有什么格式要求？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作 是四六级短文写作（议论 / 应用文 / 报告等短文）。写作要求120–180 词。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作（写大城市生活的挑战）应该怎么立意、写哪几个要点？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作的中心立意是中心立场：在大城市生活光鲜的表象之下，普通居民要面对多重实实在在的挑战。全文只论证‘挑战之多之重’，不给它翻案、不补写好处，牢牢守住 the challenges of living in a big city 的焦点。可展开的要点：高昂的生活成本带来沉重的 financial burden，尤其是房租——市中心一间小公寓就可能吞掉半个月工资，这是最直观的‘钱’上的挑战；overcrowding 让日常疲惫不堪，早晚被塞进拥挤的地铁一两个小时，是大城市‘地方不够’的典型现象；快节奏与 fierce competition 让人长期紧张，邻里之间互不相识，带来精神压力和人际疏离，是‘心情’上的挑战。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作（写大城市生活的挑战）的参考范文是怎样的？多少词？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作的参考范文（151 词）：Living in a big city may look glamorous, but it actually confronts ordinary residents with a series of tough challenges. From my point of view, three of them stand out and deserve our serious attention. To begin with, the high cost of living places a heavy financial burden on city dwellers. Renting even a small apartment near the centre can easily swallow half of an average monthly salary. In addition, overcrowding makes daily life exhausting, for commuters are often packed into a crowded subway carriage for more than an hour twice a day. Moreover, the fast pace and fierce competition leave many people constantly stressed, while neighbours living next door barely know one another. In conclusion, expensive housing, overcrowding and mounting pressure are the real prices of urban life. Only by budgeting wisely and setting aside time to relax can we cope with these challenges instead of being overwhelmed by them.
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作（写大城市生活的挑战）这篇作文怎么分段、每段写什么？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作的参考范文共 3 段：第 1 段（首段·点题亮立场）开门见山承接题目，指出大城市生活看似光鲜、实则挑战重重，并预告下文将谈几个方面；第 2 段（主体段·分点论证）用过渡词依次展开经济、空间、心理三个维度的挑战，每点配一句具体现象作例证；第 3 段（尾段·收束表态）重申三大挑战，并给出一句理性的应对态度，收束全文。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第1套 写作（写大城市生活的挑战）作文容易在哪丢分？
- 按内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式四维评分，本题达标要点：内容切题——本题重心是 the challenges of living in a big city 中的‘挑战’，达标要点是三段都紧扣难处；最易失分处是把它写成‘大城市的利与弊’双面论述，淡化了焦点；结构连贯——本题达标要点是‘点题—分点—收束’三段分明、过渡词串起主体段的三点；易失分处是通篇一段不分段，或分点之间没有连接词，读起来像流水账；语言准确——本题适合用 financial burden、high cost of living、fierce competition、overcrowded、stressful 等表‘挑战/压力’的词提升准确度；易失分处是把‘压力大、节奏快’逐字直译成生硬中式英语；字数格式——本题有硬性字数区间——题目要求 at least 120 words but no more than 180 words，写不够或大幅超出都会扣分；同时无收信人、无署名，纯议论短文按正文三段呈现即可。 典型低分写法（须避免）：反面示例：‘Although big cities have many challenges, they also offer more job opportunities and better services.’——后半句在替城市翻案，冲淡了挑战焦点。改为只谈难处：‘Besides high costs, big cities also expose residents to fierce competition and constant pressure.’；反面示例：‘Life in big cities is stressful, fast and difficult, and people feel a lot of pressure every day.’——通篇抽象、没有一个可感细节。改为落地：‘Commuters are often packed into a crowded subway for more than an hour twice a day, which leaves them exhausted before work even begins.’；反面示例：‘With the rapid development of society and economy, more and more problems have appeared in our daily life nowadays.’——不着边际、浪费字数。改为切题开头：‘Behind the glamour of a big city lie a series of tough challenges that ordinary residents must face every day.’。