2018年12月·第1套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers? 是 How 问具体做法、并指明信息来源 according to some researchers，属于回原文找具体措施的细节题。

主干是 How could California's drought crisis be solved，被动结构"如何被解决"；according to some researchers 是状语，只交代信息出处，不增加难度，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  By building more reserves of groundwater 把原文"发现地下已有的储量"偷换成"建造更多储水设施"，build 与 found（发现）方向相反。

• B)✓ 正确
  • deep water reserves under the state↔By drawing water from the depths of the earth
  • water deeper than this can now be extracted↔By drawing water from the depths of the earth

  预判是"从地下更深处抽水来解决干旱"，By drawing water from the depths of the earth 与该预判逐字对应，故锁定。

• C)无中生有

  原文仅说 due to new pumping practices，强调"新做法"，并未提到"研发更先进的钻井设备"这一动作，developing more advanced drilling devices 没有出处。

• D)答非所问

  原文 certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system 只是描述现状，并非"研究者提出的解决办法"；upgrading its water distribution system 偷把背景说成方案。

What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers? 中 inferred 一词直接亮明：答案不会原话出现，要从原文一步推。

What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers? 主干 What can be inferred 是被动疑问"可以推出什么"，about 引出推断对象。结构清晰，无陷阱。

• A)过度推断

  原文只说深抽水"昂贵但比脱盐便宜"，并未把它定性为 vital（不可或缺）；且 was deemed vital 用过去时表过去判定，与原文"最近才划算"的时间不符。

• B)✓ 正确
  • only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth↔It was not considered worth the expense
  • profitable↔worth the expense

  预判是"以前不划算"，It was not considered worth the expense 把原文 only recently 暗藏的"之前不"翻译为显性否定，故锁定。

• C)答非所问

  may not provide quality freshwater 对应 higher level of salt，描述的是水质而非"是否值得抽"的判断，与第 47 题问的"可推断什么"角度不符。

• D)无中生有

  bound to gain support from the local people 中"民众支持"原文从未出现，整段只谈成本与技术。

What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground? 用 What is mentioned 问原文明说的后果，不要求推断，是细节题。

What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground? 主干 What is mentioned；as a consequence of… 是介词短语做"作为…的后果"的身份说明。结构平直，无陷阱。

• A)✓ 正确
  • the gradual settling down of the land surface↔The sinking of land surface

  预判是"地表下沉"，The sinking of land surface 与之精确对应，故锁定。

• B)无中生有

  The harm to the ecosystem 在原文找不到对应句，第 2 段只谈成本与沉降，没有任何关于动植物/生态系统的表述。

• C)偷换概念

  原文只说"空腔被上方土层压实"，描述的是地面沉降的机制，并不等于 damage to aquifers（损害含水层本身）。

• D)无中生有

  The change of the climate 与原文话题无关，本段只讲沉降这一后果。

What does the author say about deep wells? 用 What does the author say 问作者对 deep wells 的明文表述，无 imply / infer，按细节题处理。

What does the author say about deep wells? 一般疑问式 What does the author say about…，about 引出评论对象，主谓宾清楚，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs，说"需要维修"的是脱盐厂，而非井；They run without any need for repairs 把对象张冠李戴并极端化。

• B)无中生有

  原文从未涉及污染物，entirely free from pollutants 无出处；且 entirely free 是绝对化用词，常为干扰项标志。

• C)过度推断

  原文 California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer 仅是"加州希望"，ultimate solution to droughts 把可能性拔高为"终极方案"，越级。

• D)✓ 正确
  • Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater↔They provide a steady supply of freshwater

  预判是"井能可靠提供淡水"，They provide a steady supply of freshwater 与之等值，故锁定。

What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources? 是 What 直问"会发生什么"，原文应有明文交代，无 infer/imply，按细节题处理。

What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources? 主句 What may happen；when 引导时间状语从句，从句用被动 are used as water sources。整体结构平直，无陷阱。

• A)与原文相反

  原文 higher level of salt 反而暗示水质更差，cleaner water 与之相反；且 health may improve 整段无任何出处。

• B)与原文相反

  water bills may be lowered considerably 与 thus increasing the cost 方向相反，正话反说。

• C)✓ 正确
  • thus increasing the cost↔The cost may go up
  • undergo desalination after extraction↔due to desalination

  预判是"因为还要脱盐，成本会上升"，The cost may go up due to desalination 与之等值，故锁定。

• D)无中生有

  They may be exhausted sooner or later 谈深层蓄水层会被抽光，原文末段反而给出 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater 这样巨大的储量估算，并未提到枯竭。