2018年12月·第3套英语四级写作 · 题目、范文与解析
本页是 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作 的写作真题页（四六级短文写作）—— 与试卷排版同一卷面：完整写作要求（Directions，词数要求 120–180 词）连续排印 ，卷面下方直接给出参考范文（152 词）与整篇中译、逐段拆解，另附审题立意、谋篇句架与评分自检 。
写作题和范文
本页写作题面、参考范文与逐段解析由懒笔记基于2018年12月·第3套 英语四级写作原卷整理。与试卷排版同一卷面：完整写作要求（Directions，含主题、文体、词数与署名约束）连续排印。写作是生产性任务、无 ABCD 标准答案——题面即整道题；卷面下方直接给出满足全部硬约束的参考范文、整篇中译与逐段拆解。
【参考范文 · 152 词】写作无唯一标准答案，以下为达标示范
Graduation opens an exciting new chapter, yet stepping from campus into the workplace is far from easy. For many fresh graduates, the transition brings a series of real challenges that deserve honest attention.
To begin with, a lack of practical experience often puts newcomers at a disadvantage. Although they may have solid theoretical knowledge, employers usually prefer candidates who can handle real tasks from day one. In addition, the job market has become fiercely competitive; because millions graduate every year, a single position may attract hundreds of applicants. What is more, the gap between ideal and reality can be frustrating, as the first salary and daily duties rarely match earlier expectations.
Despite these difficulties, graduates should not be discouraged. By keeping learning, accumulating experience through internships, and adjusting their mindset, young people can gradually turn pressure into growth. After all, every challenge overcome is a step toward a mature and rewarding career.
【参考译文】
毕业开启了令人兴奋的新篇章，然而从校园迈入职场却远非易事。对许多应届毕业生来说，这一转变带来了一系列值得认真对待的真实挑战。
首先，缺乏实践经验往往让新人处于劣势。尽管他们可能拥有扎实的理论知识，用人单位却更青睐一上岗就能处理实际工作的人。此外，就业市场竞争已十分激烈；由于每年有数百万人毕业，一个岗位可能吸引上百名求职者。更重要的是，理想与现实的落差令人沮丧，因为第一份薪水和日常琐碎工作往往与此前的期待不符。
尽管有这些困难，毕业生不应气馁。通过持续学习、借助实习积累经验、并调整心态，年轻人能够逐渐把压力转化为成长。毕竟，每一次战胜挑战，都是迈向成熟而有价值的职业生涯的一步。
【第 1 段】现象＋中心到位。本段用 “Graduation opens an exciting new chapter, yet ... is far from easy” 先景后旨，再以 “brings a series of real challenges” 亮出全文中心，落实了开头段“现象引入＋亮中心”的功能。
【第 2 段】三点＋例证充实。本段以 To begin with / In addition / What is more 分领三条挑战，并各配 although、because、as 引导的原因或例子，做到内容切题、层次清楚且字数充实。
【第 3 段】让步后积极收束。本段用 “Despite these difficulties” 让步承认困难，再以 “By keeping learning ...” 列对策、“After all ...” 升华收尾，避免了通篇抱怨、立意偏弱。
这道题到底要写什么、立意是什么
动笔前先钉死本题的核心写作任务与读者语域 ，再定中心立意与要展开的要点 —— 这些是本题特有的内容判断，不是通用套路。
只谈毕业就业的挑战
本篇要写一篇议论短文，全程围绕 the challenges of starting a career after graduation 展开，交际目的是把“毕业生初入职场会遇到哪些挑战、又该如何应对”讲清楚，而不是泛谈如何找工作，更不是写成职业规划或成功学。
无收信人的正式书面语
本题是 a short essay，没有指定读者或身份，属纯议论大作文，只需面向阅卷人用正式书面语：不用口语缩写（don't 写成 do not），不用第二人称套近乎，保持客观说理的语气即可。
初入职场挑战真实存在
本篇中心：毕业跨入职场绝非轻松，starting a career after graduation 会遭遇一系列真实挑战，值得正视并积极应对。
- 经验不足吃亏 第一条挑战：缺乏实践经验。毕业生理论够、实操弱，而用人单位更看重能马上上手的人。
- 就业竞争激烈 第二条挑战：就业市场竞争激烈。每年数百万人毕业，一个岗位常有上百人争抢。
- 理想现实落差 第三条挑战：理想与现实的落差。首份薪水与日常琐碎工作常与此前的期待不符，容易让人挫败。
怎么分段、每段写什么、能套哪些句架
按写作家族给出现成的段落框架（每段承担什么功能），并为每段配可直接套用的 功能句架（留出填本题内容的空位）。段序与上方参考范文一一对应。
- 第 1 段 现象引入＋亮中心 描述毕业进入职场的现象，点出本文要谈的是其中的挑战。
- 第 2 段 分点列挑战＋例证 用 to begin with / in addition / what is more 分列两到三个挑战，每条配一句简短说明或例子。
- 第 3 段 让步后应对收束 先让步承认困难，再给出提升技能、积累经验、调整心态的应对，积极收尾。
本段落点：毕业开启新篇章令人兴奋，但从校园走进职场并不轻松，对许多毕业生而言这一转变带来一系列真实挑战——即本文要谈的 the challenges of starting a career after graduation。
- 对比引入现象 ..., yet ... is far from easy.（用 yet 把“美好的一面”与“不易的一面”对比着引出话题，空位填毕业/入职场景）
- 亮明中心句 For many ..., the transition brings a series of ... that deserve attention.（一句话点明本文要谈的核心，空位填毕业生与挑战）
本段落点三条挑战：其一，经验不足——理论强但雇主更要能上手的人；其二，竞争激烈——每年数百万毕业生，一岗上百人争；其三，理想现实落差——首份薪水与日常工作难符期待。
- 分点信号词 To begin with, ... In addition, ... What is more, ...（三个并列信号词分领三条要点，层次一目了然）
- 让步凸显矛盾 Although they may have ..., employers usually prefer ...（用 although 让步，凸显毕业生“有知识却难上手”的处境矛盾）
- 因果坐实例证 ..., because ..., a single ... may ...（用 because 补一句原因或数据，把抽象挑战坐实成看得见的画面）
本段落点：尽管有这些困难，毕业生不必气馁；通过持续学习、借实习积累经验、调整心态，可把压力转化为成长，每一次跨过挑战都是走向成熟职业生涯的一步。
- 让步转积极 Despite these difficulties, ... should not be discouraged.（用 despite 让步后立刻转向积极态度，空位填应对主体）
- 并列列对策 By doing A, doing B, and doing C, ... can ...（用 by + 并列动名词一口气列出几条应对办法）
- 升华收尾 After all, every ... is a step toward ...（用 after all 收束，把具体行动升华为意义）
本题在四个评分维度怎样算达标、容易在哪丢分
按阅卷四维（内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式）给出本题达标要点，并把最容易踩的低分写法摆出来 + 给改法 —— 这是写作版的「狠拆诱人错项」。
- 内容切题 紧扣挑战不偏移 本题达标要点是全篇扣住 the challenges of starting a career after graduation；最易失分处是写成求职攻略或职业规划、成功学，弱化了“挑战”这一核心。
- 结构连贯 三段起承合 本题达标要点是三段“现象—分点—应对”清楚、分点用并列信号词领起；易失分处是通篇一段不分段，或分点之间没有过渡硬接。
- 语言准确 让步因果句要对 本题多用 although / because / despite，注意 despite 后接名词或动名词、不接句子（despite these difficulties 对，despite they fail 错），别把连接词用混。
- 字数格式 落在区间且分段 本题达标要点是词数落在下限与上限之间、且分段清楚；写超或写不够都失分，靠换词复述来注水凑字还会拉低语言分。
- 空洞罗列改配例 反面示例：“There are many challenges. Lack of experience is a challenge. Competition is a challenge.” 改后：“Lack of practical experience is a real challenge, because employers usually prefer candidates who can handle tasks from day one.”
- 求职攻略跑题 反面示例：“To find a good job, you should prepare your resume and practice interview skills.”（写成了求职攻略）改后：“Fierce competition in the job market is a major challenge, as a single position may attract hundreds of applicants.”
- 只抱怨补对策 反面示例：“In a word, life after graduation is really hard and hopeless.” 改后：“Despite these difficulties, graduates can turn pressure into growth by keeping learning and accumulating experience.”
- 换词复述改加例 反面示例：“Competition is fierce. The competition is very fierce. It is really a fierce competition.” 改后：“Competition is fierce; because millions graduate every year, one position may attract hundreds of applicants.”
常见问题
围绕本题的写作题目与要求、作文类型、立意要点、参考范文、谋篇分段与评分丢分，逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作的写作题目是什么？要求写多少字？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作（Part I）的写作要求为：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 本题要求120–180 词。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作属于哪种类型的作文、有什么格式要求？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作 是四六级短文写作（议论 / 应用文 / 报告等短文）。写作要求120–180 词。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作（只谈毕业就业的挑战）应该怎么立意、写哪几个要点？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作的中心立意是本篇中心：毕业跨入职场绝非轻松，starting a career after graduation 会遭遇一系列真实挑战，值得正视并积极应对。可展开的要点：第一条挑战：缺乏实践经验。毕业生理论够、实操弱，而用人单位更看重能马上上手的人；第二条挑战：就业市场竞争激烈。每年数百万人毕业，一个岗位常有上百人争抢；第三条挑战：理想与现实的落差。首份薪水与日常琐碎工作常与此前的期待不符，容易让人挫败。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作（只谈毕业就业的挑战）的参考范文是怎样的？多少词？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作的参考范文（152 词）：Graduation opens an exciting new chapter, yet stepping from campus into the workplace is far from easy. For many fresh graduates, the transition brings a series of real challenges that deserve honest attention. To begin with, a lack of practical experience often puts newcomers at a disadvantage. Although they may have solid theoretical knowledge, employers usually prefer candidates who can handle real tasks from day one. In addition, the job market has become fiercely competitive; because millions graduate every year, a single position may attract hundreds of applicants. What is more, the gap between ideal and reality can be frustrating, as the first salary and daily duties rarely match earlier expectations. Despite these difficulties, graduates should not be discouraged. By keeping learning, accumulating experience through internships, and adjusting their mindset, young people can gradually turn pressure into growth. After all, every challenge overcome is a step toward a mature and rewarding career.
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作（只谈毕业就业的挑战）这篇作文怎么分段、每段写什么？
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作的参考范文共 3 段：第 1 段（现象引入＋亮中心）描述毕业进入职场的现象，点出本文要谈的是其中的挑战；第 2 段（分点列挑战＋例证）用 to begin with / in addition / what is more 分列两到三个挑战，每条配一句简短说明或例子；第 3 段（让步后应对收束）先让步承认困难，再给出提升技能、积累经验、调整心态的应对，积极收尾。
- 2018年12月英语四级真题第3套 写作（只谈毕业就业的挑战）作文容易在哪丢分？
- 按内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式四维评分，本题达标要点：内容切题——本题达标要点是全篇扣住 the challenges of starting a career after graduation；最易失分处是写成求职攻略或职业规划、成功学，弱化了“挑战”这一核心；结构连贯——本题达标要点是三段“现象—分点—应对”清楚、分点用并列信号词领起；易失分处是通篇一段不分段，或分点之间没有过渡硬接；语言准确——本题多用 although / because / despite，注意 despite 后接名词或动名词、不接句子（despite these difficulties 对，despite they fail 错），别把连接词用混；字数格式——本题达标要点是词数落在下限与上限之间、且分段清楚；写超或写不够都失分，靠换词复述来注水凑字还会拉低语言分。 典型低分写法（须避免）：反面示例：“There are many challenges. Lack of experience is a challenge. Competition is a challenge.” 改后：“Lack of practical experience is a real challenge, because employers usually prefer candidates who can handle tasks from day one.”；反面示例：“To find a good job, you should prepare your resume and practice interview skills.”（写成了求职攻略）改后：“Fierce competition in the job market is a major challenge, as a single position may attract hundreds of applicants.”；反面示例：“In a word, life after graduation is really hard and hopeless.” 改后：“Despite these difficulties, graduates can turn pressure into growth by keeping learning and accumulating experience.”；反面示例：“Competition is fierce. The competition is very fierce. It is really a fierce competition.” 改后：“Competition is fierce; because millions graduate every year, one position may attract hundreds of applicants.”。