2018年12月·第3套 英语四级阅读理解（四选一） 第 1 篇 · 46–50 题答案与解析

What do we learn from a newly published study about cats? 用 What do we learn 直接索取研究的客观结论，没有 infer/imply 等推断词，也不问主旨或态度。

题干主干是 What do we learn from a newly published study about cats，learn 后面跟 from 引出来源、about 引出对象，结构平铺直叙，无陷阱。

• A)偷换概念

  They can be trained to understand the physical world 把 inborn 偷换成 trained，方向相反——原文强调先天具备，不是后天训练得到。

• B)无中生有

  They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt 谈的是哪种猎物更容易抓，全文从未比较不同猎物的难易，是凭空增加比较维度。

• C)✓ 正确
  • cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey↔They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt
  • an inborn(天生的) understanding of how the physical world works↔a natural ability

  They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt 同时覆盖了预判的天生与定位猎物两个要点，且没有添加原文未说的内容，是定位句的标准同义替换。

• D)偷换概念

  They are capable of telling which way their prey flees 把 the location of hiding prey 偷换成 which way... flees，原文说的是猎物藏起来的位置，不是逃跑的方向。

What may account for the cats' response to the noise from the containers? 用 account for 索取一个原文已给出的解释，并非要求考生自己再推一步。

What may account for the cats' response to the noise from the containers 中 account for 是固定动词短语，意为解释、说明，主语是 What、宾语是 the cats' response；情态动词 may 只是语气缓和，不改变指向。

• A)偷换概念

  Their inborn sensitivity to noise 把归因从对因果的理解偷换成对噪音的敏感；原文 a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds 强调的是理解关系，不是听觉敏感度。

• B)无中生有

  Their unusual sense of direction 谈的是方向感，P3 到 P5 全段从未提及猫的方向感，是凭空捏造的能力维度。

• C)以偏概全

  Their special ability to perceive 笼统地说有特殊的感知能力，没有指向 causal-logical understanding 这一具体的因果维度，缩水成感知就丢掉了归因核心。

• D)✓ 正确
  • a causal-logical understanding of noise or sounds↔Their mastery of cause and effect

  四个选项里只有 Their mastery of cause and effect 抓到了归因句中的 causal 一词，与预判中的对因果的理解直接对应。

What is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers? 用 What is characteristic of 询问研究者已陈述的特征，且明确给出归属 according to，无需推断。

题干主语是 What，characteristic of the way cats hunt 是表语，of 引出特征所属对象；the way 后接 cats hunt 省略了关系副词 in which，是常见省略，不影响理解。

• A)以偏概全

  They depend on their instincts 把 using their hearing 这一具体手段泛化为本能；本能可以涵盖听觉但也涵盖嗅觉、视觉，丢失了原文唯一突出的听觉这一核心特征。

• B)✓ 正确
  • using their hearing↔They rely mainly on their hearing

  They rely mainly on their hearing 与 using their hearing 严丝合缝，正是对狩猎方式的特征性描述。

• C)无中生有

  They wait some time before attack 说的是攻击前先等一段时间，原文未涉及猫的攻击时机或等待时长。

• D)偷换概念

  They use both their ears and eyes 把单一听觉改成耳眼并用；原文 using their hearing 只提了听觉，加 eyes 是凭空增添。

In what way do babies behave like cats? 问的是已经在原文中陈述过的具体行为对应，不是要考生自行推论。

倒装疑问句，正常语序是 babies behave like cats in what way；in what way 作方式状语提前，babies 是主语、behave like cats 是核心谓语短语。

• A)✓ 正确
  • looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceive as normal↔They focus on what appears odd

  They focus on what appears odd 紧扣预判中的对反常事物投以更长注意这一点，且没有把婴儿描绘成对一切事物都好奇。

• B)与原文相反

  They view the world as normal 把焦点从异常翻成正常，与原文 looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual 方向相反。

• C)偷换概念

  They do what they prefer to do 偷换 preferential looking 的含义；preferential looking 是心理学术语指对异常更长注视，不是泛泛的做自己偏好的事。

• D)过度推断

  They are curious about everything 把 interesting or unusual 扩大到 everything，原文只说对有趣或异常的事物注视更久，从未说对一切事物都好奇。

What can we conclude about cats from the passage? 明确要求 from the passage 得出整体结论，是收尾型主旨题。

情态动词组 can we conclude 是普通疑问倒装；about cats 是介宾，限定结论对象；from the passage 是来源状语，提示证据范围是整篇。

• A)无中生有

  They have higher intelligence than many other animals 谈猫比其他动物更聪明；全文从未把猫与其他动物（狗、海豚等）做智力比较，只把猫与婴儿/人类并置。

• B)✓ 正确
  • the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all↔They interact with the physical world much like humans
  • an inborn(天生的) understanding of how the physical world works↔interact with the physical world

  They interact with the physical world much like humans 同时覆盖了首段话题 physical world 与末段结论 divide not that great，是主线的完整概括。

• C)以偏概全

  They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting 只覆盖 P5 谈到的狩猎一段，且 extraordinarily high 比原文 common-sense 强烈得多，是把局部当全文。

• D)与原文相反

  They can aid physics professors in their research work 把 P8 那句调侃 cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most important research universities 反向理解为猫可以辅助物理教授，原文恰恰是说猫不会成为物理系成员。