2018年12月·第3套 英语四级长篇阅读（信息匹配） 第 1 篇 · 36–45 题答案与解析

强：五秒内细菌就上食物的研究

• A research project↔The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke

  research report ≈ research project

• bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds↔bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds

  transferred 与 made their way 等值

• G

  G 段虽然也在谈五秒，但它讲的是 In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study 这一作者自己的后续研究，并不是题干所指的“最早报告五秒内细菌就转移过去”的那项原始研究。

  In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology

• J

  J 段说的是 a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters to our study——Aston 大学复现作者的实验，时间维度是“去年”，并不是题干所指的“最早发现五秒内细菌就转移过去”的那一项。

  Last year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters to our study and found similar results

弱：污染取决于细菌数量

• Whether food is contaminated↔is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning

  能不能吃 ↔ 是否被污染

• depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it↔It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds

  depends on + 数量+ 跑到食物上=同义重写

• H

  H 段说的是 The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more——意思是“表面上的细菌总数比接触时长更重要”，落脚点在时间 vs 数量的对比，而题干问的是“是否被污染由什么决定”，落脚点在结果的决定因素。

  The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction

• K

  K 段的 0.1% is still enough to make you sick 是在说“即便比例很低也可能致病”，焦点是致病的阈值，而非“污染与否取决于数量”。

  if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick

强：除掉地之外的其它污染因素

• Food contamination may result from various factors↔Bacteria are carried by various "media", which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing

  various factors ↔ various media 列举

• other than food dropping on the floor↔it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination

  not just X ↔ other than X

• C

  C 段的污染讨论局限在 how dirty the floor is 这一条，没有把“生食、手、咳嗽打喷嚏”这些“地面之外”的因素摆出来。

  It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is

强：男女对比

• Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated↔women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor

  less likely ↔ more likely 反向比较等值

强：作者自己的研究方向

• The author's research↔Research in my lab

  my lab ↔ the author 第一人称转第三人称

• centers around how food gets contaminated↔has focused on how food becomes contaminated

  centers around ↔ has focused on；gets ↔ becomes

• G

  G 段写的是 In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study——讲的是一个具体年份的一项具体研究，而题干指的是“作者的研究方向”，是更概括的层级，G 段不承担这一概括职能。

  In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology

强：保持清洁是最佳办法

• Keeping everything clean↔keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean

  everything ↔ hands/utensils/other surfaces 上位概括

• the best way to stay healthy↔the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean

  the best way ↔ the best thing to do

弱：吃掉地食物大概率不生病

• Chances are you will not fall sick↔the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick

  chances are ↔ the odds are in one's favor

• eating food picked up from the floor↔eating fallen food

  picked up from the floor ↔ fallen food

• K

  K 段说 0.1% is still enough to make you sick，是在强调“哪怕极少量也可能致病”——方向是“提醒风险”，与题干“概率上不会生病”的乐观判断相反。

  0.1% is still enough to make you sick

强：长期以来的普遍经验

• For a long time people have had the experience↔Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it's probably not a new one either

  common experience + not a new one ↔ for a long time people have had the experience

• deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor↔Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor

  deciding whether or not ↔ Wondering if

• E

  E 段用 a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men 给出某一年的具体调查比例，是横截面数据，并未陈述“这种经验已存在很久”。

  a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule

强：极少量却致命的菌种

• Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences↔10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death

  tiny few ↔ 10 or less；deadly consequences ↔ severe illness and death

• M

  M 段用 the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick 给出乐观判断，方向是“放心”；而题干的口吻是“少量却致命”的警告，方向是“小心”。

  the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick

强：转移量与时长关系不大

• how many bacteria got onto the food↔the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food

  got onto the food ↔ transferred to ... food

• did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor↔didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface

  have much to do with ↔ depend much on

• G

  G 段写的是 we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food——讲的是怎么做的实验，并未陈述“结果显示时长无关”，结论在下一段 H 才给出。

  we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food

• I

  I 段说的是 the kind of surface made a difference as well 与 Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile——焦点是不同材质（地毯/木头/瓷砖）的差异，而非时长。

  We also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well