懒笔记
2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)
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2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1)

议论文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇议论文全文 259 词、3 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%），作者立场为「积极支持」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的听力原文，共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst. I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial. She was very nervous. I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury. She replied, "I don't want to look too inexperienced; I don't want them to suspect this is my first trial."

This lawyer had fallen victim to the "don'ts" syndrome, a form of negative goal setting. The "don'ts" can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures. Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous system the same way as actually doing something. That means when a golfer tells himself "Don't hit the ball into the water," his mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water. So guess where the ball will go. Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen.

I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial, and this time she said: "I want to look professional and self-assured." I told her to create a picture of what "self-assured" would look like. To her, it meant moving confidently around the courtroom, using convincing body language and projecting her voice, so it could be heard from the judge's bench to the back door. She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial. A few weeks after this positive dress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Problem: Rehearsing Defeat Through Negative Anticipation

    People often rehearse failure by anticipating the worst in new situations, as illustrated by a nervous young lawyer focusing on what she didn't want to happen at her first trial.

    首段在 overall argument 中扮演 problem identification 的角色，为全文的 central thesis（应该 visualize positive outcomes）提供 contrasting backdrop。通过 present 一个 relatable scenario（新律师的 nervousness），作者 establish reader empathy 并 demonstrate 这不是 isolated incident 而是 common tendency ('some people tend to')。段落的 ending position 特别关键：以律师的 negative self-talk 结尾，为第二段 introduce 'don'ts' syndrome 这个 technical term 创造了 seamless transition，使得 argument progression 显得 natural and logical。

    从概括陈述到具体案例的叙事转折
  2. P2

    The Mechanism: Why Negative Focus Becomes Self-Fulfilling

    Negative goal-setting through the 'don'ts' syndrome becomes self-fulfilling because the mind responds to mental images, so people should focus exclusively on desired outcomes before stressful situations.

    第二段是全文的 theoretical core，它 elevate essay 从 storytelling 到 scientific argumentation。在 overall thesis 中，这段 provide 关键的 'why' answer：为什么 negative goal-setting 有害（self-fulfilling mechanism），以及为什么 positive focus 有效（mind-picture connection）。段落的 strategic value 在于它 bridge problem 和 solution：通过 explain mechanism，作者 justify 即将在第三段 present 的 positive approach。Stanford research 的 citation 特别关键，它给 entire argument 披上 scientific credibility 的外衣，使得后续 recommendation 显得 grounded in fact rather than mere opinion。段尾的 prescriptive statement 'focus only on what you want' 成为 pivot point，为第三段 demonstrate 这个 principle in action 做好了 conceptual preparation。

    追踪论证架构的逻辑标记词
  3. P3

    The Solution in Action: Positive Mental Rehearsal Leads to Success

    Through guided positive visualization—imagining specific confident behaviors and desired outcomes rather than feared failures—the lawyer successfully reframed her mental preparation and subsequently won her trial.

    第三段是全文的 climactic proof，它通过 return 到开篇的 lawyer case 形成 circular structure，但以 transformed outcome 提供 narrative resolution。在 support overall thesis 方面，这段 provide essential element：empirical demonstration that positive visualization works。它不仅 illustrate method 也 validate theory，showing 第二段的 scientific principle 能 translate into real success。段落的 rhetorical power 来自其 before-after contrast：同一个律师，从 'I don't want to look inexperienced' 转变为 'I want to look professional'，从 anxious anticipation 到 winning outcome。这种 transformation 使 abstract advice 变得 concrete and credible。值得注意的是作者的 strategic choice：不是 introduce new case 而是 complete existing case，这种 narrative cohesion 强化了 argument 的 unity。段落末句 'the young lawyer did win' 不仅是 factual statement，更是 rhetorical flourish，giving readers satisfying sense of closure 同时 reinforce central message：focus on what you want, and you're more likely to achieve it。整个 essay 因此形成 problem-explanation-solution 的 complete argumentative cycle。

    追踪从问题状态到解决方案的转化步骤
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年6月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 young lawyer impression jury

    What impression did the young lawyer initially hope to make on the jury?

    • A She wanted to move confidently around the courtroom.
    • B She wanted to project her voice throughout the courtroom.
    • C She wanted to avoid appearing too inexperienced.
    • D She wanted to look professional and self-assured.
    • E She wanted to deliver a skillful closing argument.
    • F She wanted to guarantee a winning trial.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项准确改写了人物最初回答中的否定式目标：她关注的是不要被 jury 认为经验不足。avoid appearing 对应原文的 don't want to look，too inexperienced 保留了程度限制，信息范围没有扩大。命题障碍在于后文出现了更积极、更容易被考生记住的 professional and self-assured；但那些属于调整后的表达，不符合 initially 的时间限定。

    首答筛选 时间极紧时，不必逐句通读。直接抓题干中的 initially 与 jury，回扫 第1段 内最靠前的问答结构，专找第一次出现的心理回答。随后把选项按“否定性自我形象”“积极形象”“具体动作”“结果”四类快速分组，只有正确项会同时保留最初阶段与形象目标这两个约束。这种做法利用结构筛选，而不是逐个翻译选项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 self-fulfilling mind nervous system

    Why can negative goals become self-fulfilling?

    • A Because stressful situations prevent people from forming mental images.
    • B Because golfers usually lack sufficient physical training.
    • C Because people deliberately choose to repeat their failures.
    • D Because the mind forms images that activate the nervous system like actual actions.
    • E Because warnings make people remember the desired outcome more clearly.
    • F Because juries respond more favorably to confident lawyers.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项完整概括了论证的机制：mind responds to pictures，且 mental image 会以类似实际行动的方式影响 nervous system。它回答了 Why，而非只描述“不要想什么”的现象。选项设置的障碍在于原文随后使用 golf 例子，考生容易把例子的表层结果误当作根本原因；正确项则回到了 research 所支撑的因果机制。

    机制直取 最快路径是抓住 self-fulfilling，直接定位 第2段 中该概念后面的 research 句，而暂时跳过 golf 的叙事细节。把选项中的因果主干压缩为“心理画面如何作用”，再用原文的机制句做一次匹配；正确项是唯一同时保留 image 与生理反应链条的选项。此法比逐句阅读例证更快，因为它优先命中论点的证据句。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 self-assured courtroom projecting her voice

    Which action was part of the lawyer's image of being self-assured?

    • A Remaining seated so that the jury would not notice her.
    • B Speaking quietly to avoid making a mistake.
    • C Hiding the fact that it was her first trial.
    • D Avoiding any image of the ball flying into the water.
    • E Moving confidently around the courtroom and projecting her voice.
    • F Focusing on the possibility of losing the trial.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    该项直接提取了 self-assured 被具象化后的两项可观察行为：moving confidently 和 projecting her voice。它既符合 Which action 的行为要求，也符合 image 的心理预演语境。干扰设置的重点是把同一案例中的初始担忧、泛化结论或最终胜诉混入选项；正确项没有越过原文，也没有把动作误写成结果。

    动词筛选 紧张时直接用 self-assured 定到 第3段，不必通读整段；随后沿着其后的解释性内容扫动词，特别关注可见的身体动作和发声动作。把选项先做“动作项”和“非动作项”二分，再在动作项中核对是否属于积极的 mental picture，正确项会自然凸显。这个方法利用词性过滤，速度高于逐项做全文比对。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的议论文骨架

按议论文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引言 P1

    律师的消极预演

    这个 introduction 通过一个 concrete example 引出问题：年轻 lawyer 在 first jury trial 前过度 anticipate the worst，focused on what she didn't want，这种 negative mindset 就是文章要讨论的 central issue

    这个 opening paragraph 用一个 relatable scenario 来 establish the problem，让 readers 看到 negative goal-setting 在 real life 中的 manifestation，为后续的 theoretical explanation 和 solution 做铺垫

    提供消极目标设定的实例
  2. 分论点 P2

    消极目标设定的心理机制

    这个 supporting argument 解释了 why negative goal-setting fails：通过 Stanford research 证明 mind responds to mental images，当你 focus on what you don't want，your nervous system 会 fire as if you're doing it，这就是 self-fulfilling prophecy 的 mechanism，并提出 solution：focus only on what you want

    这个段落是文章的 theoretical core，它用 scientific evidence 来 explain the underlying mechanism behind the problem。通过 introduce 'don'ts' syndrome 这个 concept 和 cite Stanford research，这段 establishes credibility 并 provides the rationale for why we should shift to positive visualization。它既是 explanation 也是 implicit recommendation

    揭示心智对意象的反应机制
  3. 分论点 P3

    积极目标设定的实践验证

    这个 supporting argument 回到 opening case 来 demonstrate the solution in action：作者 guided the lawyer 从 negative focus 转向 positive visualization（look professional and self-assured，create specific images），通过 positive mental rehearsal，最终 the lawyer won the trial，这个 concrete success 验证了前面的 theory

    这个段落通过 revisit the initial case 形成 narrative closure，同时 serve as empirical evidence for the theory。它 shows how the principle works in practice：从 identify the problem 到 apply the solution 到 achieve success。这种 before-and-after structure 让 abstract theory 变得 tangible and convincing，强化了主旨的 practical applicability

    展示积极心理预演的成功
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段负面案例 P1

    议论文经常用 specific case 来 introduce 一个 issue，首段的 young lawyer 案例展示了 anticipating the worst 和 focusing on what not to do 的 problematic approach，这种 negative pattern 往往是作者要 critique 的对象

  2. 问题机制命名 P2

    第二段明确提出 'don'ts' syndrome 这个 term，并用 self-fulfilling、mind responds to pictures、mental image fires the nervous system 等表达来 explain mechanism。这种 naming + explaining 的结构是作者在 theorize the problem，为后续 solution 奠定 theoretical foundation

  3. 正面转化结果 P3

    第三段呈现从 negative goal（don't look inexperienced）到 positive visualization（look professional、self-assured、create a picture）的 shift，并以 winning trial 作为 concrete result。这个 transformation arc 和 successful outcome 证明了作者倡导的 approach 的有效性

  4. 问题解决主线 P1 P2 P3

    整篇文章遵循 classic problem-solution structure：第1段 展示 negative approach 的 manifestation，第2段 解释 why it fails（mental imagery mechanism），第3段 示范 positive alternative 及其 success。这种 three-act structure 的 central message 就是 shift from negative to positive mental rehearsal

主旨信号词 self-fulfilling P2 Consequently P2 don'ts P2 positive P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

消极目标设定,即专注于你不想发生的事情,可能会自我挫败,因为大脑会对心理图像做出反应。相反,人们在面对压力情境时应该想象积极的结果,因为积极的心理预演会带来更好的表现和成功。
Negative goal-setting, or focusing on what you don't want to happen, can be self-defeating because the mind responds to mental images. Instead, people should visualize positive outcomes when facing stressful situations, as positive mental rehearsal leads to better performance and success.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

5 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • rehearse 预演;排练;(在脑海中)反复演练

    让我们把这些 clues 串起来。首先,第1段 告诉我们 people rehearse defeat by anticipating the worst——这是一种 mental activity,在 actual situation 之前进行。Lawyer 的 example 显示这种 rehearse 就是反复想象 negative outcomes。然后 第3段 给出 'dress rehearsal' 这个 theatrical metaphor,把 mental preparation 比作演出前的 practice。最后,word structure 的 're-' prefix 确认了 repetitive nature。所以 rehearse 的 core meaning 是:在 real event 之前,在 mind 中反复 practice 或 run through 某个 scenario。

    行为链还原法结合正反对比
  • anticipate 预期;预料;预先想象

    综合三条 clues:首先,contextual usage 显示 anticipate 的 object 是 future events(the worst),且 occurs before actual situation。其次,word structure 的 'anti-'(before) + 'cipate'(take/grasp)从 etymology 角度 confirm 这是 'grasp beforehand' 的 action。最后,第2段 的 mechanism explanation 揭示 anticipate 不仅是 simple prediction,而是 vivid mental visualization that triggers physiological responses。所以 anticipate 的 complete meaning 是:提前在 mind 中形成 clear picture of future events。

    认知动词的时间-词源-机制三维分析
  • self-fulfilling 自我应验的;自我实现的(指预言或期望因其存在而成真)

    整合三条 lines of evidence:首先,第2段 的 causal mechanism 直接展示 how thoughts become reality through mental images。其次,compound structure 'self-' + 'fulfilling' 从 linguistic level confirm 这是 'something making itself real'。最后,entire article 的 before-after structure(negative thoughts → negative preparation → implied poor performance vs. positive visualization → positive rehearsal → winning trial)provides concrete proof of the self-fulfilling process。所有 clues point to same conclusion。

    复合词的结构-机制-验证分析法
  • syndrome 综合征;症候群;(一系列相关的)症状

    让我们串联 evidence chain:首先,contextual definition 直接说这是 'a form of negative goal setting',而且用 'fallen victim to' 暗示它是 harmful pattern。其次,word 的 medical flavor 和 -drome suffix 提示这是从 medical terminology borrowed 的 concept。最后,naming structure('the "don'ts" syndrome')和随后描述的 multiple interconnected manifestations confirm syndrome 指 a set of co-occurring symptoms/behaviors。所以 syndrome 是:一组相互关联的症状或行为模式,通常有 negative connotation。

    专业术语的语域迁移分析
  • project 发出;放送;(使声音)传送

    整合三个 dimensions:首先,parallel structure 中 project 与 moving, using body language 并列,都是 purposeful physical actions。Purpose clause 明确目标是让 voice reach entire courtroom。其次,etymology 'pro-'(forward) + 'ject'(throw)从 root level 支持 'sending forth' 的含义。最后,professional context 确认这是 controlled vocal technique,不是 random shouting。所以 project voice 是:以 controlled manner 把 voice 向外发送,使其 clearly reach distant listeners。

    常用词专业义的三角定位法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

7 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 举例论证

    P1 P3

    作者以首次参加 jury trial 的年轻律师为例，先呈现她因 nervous 而反复想着“不要显得缺乏经验”，再展示她改为想象 professional、self-assured 形象后最终获胜。这个前后完整的 case 把抽象的 negative goal setting 变成了可观察的经历，因此有力证明了积极的 mental rehearsal 更可能带来成功。

    信号词 for example for instance take ... as an example I remember consider a case in point such as

    仿写： 写作前先问自己：我的中心观点能否用一个具体的 person 或 event 来验证？若能，就应按照“困境—错误做法—调整—结果”的 chain 展开案例，并让结果直接呼应论点。仿写模板：When facing ___, ___ focused on ___. As a result, ___. After changing to ___, he/she finally ___. This example shows that ___.

  • 引用论证

    P2

    作者引用 Stanford University 的 research，指出 mental image 对 nervous system 的作用与实际行动相似。这个权威研究为“心智会回应画面”提供了 scientific support，使“不要想失败”不再只是生活建议，而具有更强的客观依据。

    信号词 research shows studies indicate according to a survey finds data show experts argue evidence suggests

    仿写： 写作时先问：我的观点是否容易被读者认为只是 personal opinion？若是，可以引用可靠的 research、survey 或 expert，但必须说明该材料如何支撑论点，不能只堆砌来源。仿写模板：Research conducted by ___ shows that ___. This finding suggests that ___.

  • 因果论证

    P2

    第二段先说明 mind responds to pictures，随后推出当高尔夫球手对自己说“Don't hit the ball into the water”时，脑中反而会出现球落水的 image，因而球可能真的飞向水中。作者由心理图像到行为结果建立 cause-and-effect 关系，直接解释了“don'ts syndrome”为何会 self-fulfilling。

    信号词 because since therefore thus consequently as a result lead to result in cause

    仿写： 写作时先问：我的建议背后能否说清一个“因为—所以”的 mechanism？不要只写结论，而要补出中间的心理、行为或社会过程。仿写模板：Because ___, people tend to ___. As a result, ___. Therefore, they should ___.

  • 类比论证

    P2

    作者没有只停留在律师的 courtroom 场景，而是转用 golfer 害怕把球打进水里的情境来说明同一心理规律。这个日常且形象的 analogy 把较抽象的 mental image 机制具体化，让读者更容易理解：越盯着不想要的结果，注意力越可能把人带向那个结果。

    信号词 just as like similarly in the same way as ... so ... when a ... is like

    仿写： 写作时先问：我的抽象观点能否借一个读者熟悉的 everyday scene 来解释？选择类比对象时，应确保两者共享同一个关键 mechanism，而不是只求表面相像。仿写模板：Just as ___ may ___ when ___, people may ___ when ___.

  • 反问修辞

    P2

    在描述球手脑中出现球飞入水中的 image 后，作者问道“So guess where the ball will go.”这个 question 并不期待读者回答，而是引导读者自行得出“球会进水”的必然结论，因此语气更生动，也强化了负面想象会造成反效果这一主旨。

    信号词 how can who can what could be isn't it can we why not guess where

    仿写： 写作时先问：这里的结论是否已经被前文证据充分铺垫，以至于读者能够自行回答？只有答案明显且服务于强调时，才适合使用 rhetorical question，避免连续设问造成空泛。仿写模板：If ___, then what will happen? The answer is clear: ___.

  • 对比论证

    P1 P2 P3

    文章把律师最初的“不要显得 inexperienced”与后来“要显得 professional and self-assured”放在前后对照之中，同时对应 nervous 的状态与 winning trial 的结果。negative focus 和 positive visualization 的 contrast 使读者清楚看到两种目标设定的差异，从而凸显作者倡导后者的立场。

    信号词 instead while whereas rather than in contrast on the contrary however but

    仿写： 写作时先问：为了突出我的主张，是否存在一种常见但效果较差的 opposite approach？如果有，可从“关注点—行为—结果”三个维度进行 parallel comparison，使正反差异清晰可见。仿写模板：While some people focus on ___, others focus on ___. The former may ___, whereas the latter is more likely to ___.

  • 排比修辞

    P1 P3

    律师在第一段连续说出“I don't want ...; I don't want ...”，而第三段又连续描绘 moving confidently、using convincing body language、projecting her voice 等动作。前一组重复结构突出她被 fear 支配的消极心理，后一组并列动作则构成清晰的 positive image，使“self-assured”这一抽象品质变得具体可感。

    信号词 and or not only ... but also ... first ... second ... third ... to ..., to ..., and to ... both ... and ...

    仿写： 写作时先问：我想强调的是一个单点，还是一个由多个表现组成的完整形象？若要塑造完整形象，可统一动词形式或句式，让 each item 服务于同一中心。仿写模板：A confident person should ___, ___, and ___.

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

7 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 过度预演失败的负面心理机制

    P1
    spending too much time anticipating the worst

    程度限制语 too much too many overly excessively unduly unnecessarily extremely

    表面说的是 'spending too much time',但 implication 是:这种 excessive anticipation 本身就是一个 problem,会导致 self-defeating results。这为全文的 central argument 奠定基础——即 negative focus 会带来 negative outcomes。作者通过这个 seemingly casual 的描述,其实已经在 establish 一个核心观点:预演失败的时间和方式是有问题的,需要改变 approach。

  • 新手律师的消极目标设定

    P1
    I don't want to look too inexperienced; I don't want them to suspect this is my first trial

    否定表达 don't want avoid prevent not to stay away from keep from refrain from

    律师的两个 'I don't want' statements 表面是在表达她的 concerns,但 implication 是她已经 fallen into 一个 mental trap:她的 entire focus 都在 what she wants to avoid,而不是 what she wants to achieve。这个 example perfectly illustrates 文章即将 introduce 的 'don'ts syndrome' concept。作者通过 quoting 这些 negative statements,其实是在 show 而非 tell,让读者自己 perceive 这种思维方式的问题。

  • 心理意象的神经系统响应机制

    P2
    a mental image fires the nervous system the same way as actually doing something

    对比类/等同类 the same way as just like similar to as if comparable to equivalent to parallel to

    表面是在 cite Stanford research 的发现,但 implication 更深远:既然 mental imagery 和 actual action 对 nervous system 的效果 identical,那么想象负面结果就等于在 rehearsing failure。这个 scientific fact 为整个 argument 提供了 credibility and explanatory power。言外之意是:你 can't escape the consequences of negative thinking by saying 'I'm just imagining',因为 your brain doesn't distinguish between imagination and reality。这 directly supports 文章的 main thesis about positive visualization。

  • 消极心理意象的自我实现机制

    P2
    So guess where the ball will go

    反问句/修辞性疑问 So guess where guess where guess what what do you think can you imagine need I say more is it any wonder

    表面在问 'where the ball will go',但 answer 显而易见:into the water。Implication 是 self-fulfilling prophecy 的 mechanism:当你的 mind visualizes 一个 negative outcome,你的 body will actually execute 那个结果。这个 rhetorical question 巧妙地让读者自己 arrive at 这个 disturbing conclusion,比 direct statement 更有 impact。它 serves as a concrete illustration of the abstract principle mentioned earlier,并且 creates urgency for finding a solution。

  • 关注点转向积极目标的建议

    P2
    Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen

    逻辑结果词 Consequently consequently therefore thus hence as a result accordingly

    表面是一个 practical advice,但 implication 是:既然 negative imagery 会导致 negative outcomes (已被 scientific evidence 证明),那么 solution 就必须是 exclusive focus on positive outcomes。'Only' 这个词很关键——它 implies partial positive thinking 不够,必须是 complete shift in mental focus。这个 prescription 不是 optional suggestion,而是基于前面 neurological evidence 的 logical necessity。它为第三段的 具体示范 provides the framework。

  • 积极意象具体化的转变过程

    P3
    I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial, and this time she said: 'I want to look professional and self-assured'

    对比类/时间对比 this time now instead on the other hand by contrast differently

    表面是 simply reporting 律师第二次的回答,但 implication 是 transformation has occurred:从 'don't want to look inexperienced' 到 'want to look professional and self-assured'。注意这不仅是 negative to positive 的 shift,还是从 avoiding negatives 到 pursuing positives 的 fundamental reframing。'This time' 暗示经过 coaching,律师已经 internalized the lesson about positive goal-setting。这个 contrast 为后续的 detailed visualization 提供 foundation,显示 correct mental approach 的 first step。

  • 正面预演后的实际成功结果

    P3
    A few weeks after this positive dress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win

    时间顺序/因果暗示 A few weeks after after following subsequently later in the end ultimately

    表面只是 stating a fact (律师赢了),但 implication 是 causal claim:positive visualization 导致了 success。'After this positive dress rehearsal' 的 phrasing 直接 links the mental preparation to the outcome。'Did win' 的 emphatic form 暗示这个 victory 不是 coincidence,而是 technique 的 validation。这个 ending serves multiple purposes:(1)provides concrete proof that the method works;(2)creates a satisfying narrative arc from problem to solution to success;(3)implicitly invites readers to apply the same technique。It's the 'Q.E.D.' of the argument。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：积极支持

结论先行：本文作者态度为积极支持（ advocates positive visualization over negative goal-setting）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开篇反面案例 P1

    议论文常常用一个具体的anecdote开篇来引出论点，开头人物的情绪tone和choice of words往往暗示了作者接下来要评价或者纠正的对象，这是判断作者态度最先出现的线索。

  2. 理论论证支撑 P2

    议论文的核心论证部分常常通过citing authority或者research来增强credibility，作者选择引用的研究方向本身就代表了他所support的立场，这是态度判断最实的证据段。

  3. 结尾正面结果验证 P3

    议论文结尾往往用一个具体的result来证明前文argument的正确性，如果这个result是positive的，说明作者支持这种做法，这是判断态度最有说服力也最直接的证据。

  4. 整体态度综合判断 P1 P2 P3

    议论文的态度判断不能只看单一段落，需要把开头case、中间theory、结尾result三部分整合，当三者呈现出一致的positive或negative走向时，才能确定作者的最终态度是supportive还是critical。

文中的态度信号词

  • fallen victim to P2

    fallen victim to带有明显的negative connotation，作者用它来描述lawyer陷入"don'ts" syndrome的状态，说明作者把这种negative goal setting看作一种problem，从而体现出批判态度。

    同类词 suffer from trapped by plagued by

  • Consequently P2

    Consequently是表示结果的logical connector，它引出了作者的核心建议"focus only on what you want to have happen"，标志着行文从描述problem转向提出solution，体现出作者对positive goal setting的支持。

    同类词 Therefore As a result Thus So

  • self-assured P3

    self-assured、professional、convincing这一系列positive adjective被连续used来描述lawyer转变后的image，作者通过词汇堆叠强化了对positive visualization做法的赞赏。

    同类词 professional confident convincing skillful

  • did win P3

    did win用助动词did进行强调，说明这个胜利result是确定且显著的，这直接证明了positive dress rehearsal的effectiveness，是作者支持这一做法的最有力证据。

    同类词 succeeded achieved proved effective worked

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇议论文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇议论文？

  1. 首段提出问题或现象 P1

    本文 第1段 中作者 present 了一个 common tendency:人们在 facing new situations 时会 anticipate the worst。这是在 raise 一个 behavioral pattern 作为 discussion topic,而不是 explain 某个事物的 mechanism(说明文特征),也不是 report 某个 specific event(新闻特征)。这种 problem-centered opening 是 argumentative writing 的典型 signal。

  2. 含评价性的明确立场 P2

    第2段 中出现了 'fallen victim to' 和 'negative goal setting' 这些带有 clear judgment 的表达,作者在 criticize 这种 don'ts syndrome,认为它是 self-fulfilling 和 problematic 的。这种 explicit evaluation 是议论文的 core feature。说明文会保持 neutral tone 去 describe,新闻报道会 maintain objectivity 去 present different sides。

  3. 论据支撑解决方案 P2 P3

    第2段 引用了 Stanford University research 来 support 作者关于 mental image 的 argument,第3段 用 concrete example(律师的 case)来 demonstrate 作者 recommended 的 positive visualization approach。这种 solution-oriented structure 配合 supporting evidence 是议论文的 defining characteristic。说明文的 examples 是为了 illustrate how things work,新闻的 details 是为了 present what happened。

  4. 问题立场方案三要素 P1 P2 P3

    本文完整体现了议论文的 three-pillar structure:第1段 establish problem(消极预演),第2段 present author's critical analysis with research backing,第3段 demonstrate solution with successful outcome。这种 purposeful flow 从 identifying issue 到 persuading action 是议论文独有的,说明文只会 explain mechanisms,新闻只会 report facts without prescription。

哪些词暴露了议论文体裁？

  • I don't want to... P1 观点引导词 I don't want to I want to I think I believe I argue
  • This lawyer had fallen victim to P2 立场表态词 had fallen victim to unfortunately mistakenly wrongly correctly
  • Consequently P2 论证逻辑连接词 consequently therefore thus hence as a result
  • So guess where the ball will go P2 观点引导词 guess what imagine consider think about ask yourself
  • I told her to P3 观点引导词 I advised I suggested I recommended I urged I asked her to
  • before going into any stressful situation, focus only on P2 立场表态词 focus only on always never avoid ensure that
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

2 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

  • Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen.
    第2段，第6句

    祈使句 + 宾语从句的结构在四六级和考研阅读中较为常见，尤其是建议类、论证类文本。what 引导的名词性从句是高频考点，want 后跟不定式也是典型搭配。句首副词和时间状语的位置也符合书面语规范。掌握本句结构后，可迁移到大量类似句式，典型性较高。

  • Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.
    第10题，D

    本句包含动名词作主语、及物动词作谓语、名词短语作宾语、多个定语修饰同一名词等成分，成分种类较丰富。特别是 as doing 这种比较结构作定语的用法，以及动名词 Thinking 和 doing 的识别，对初学者有一定训练价值。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 的常见问题

2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的主旨是什么？
消极目标设定,即专注于你不想发生的事情,可能会自我挫败,因为大脑会对心理图像做出反应。相反,人们在面对压力情境时应该想象积极的结果,因为积极的心理预演会带来更好的表现和成功。（英文表述：Negative goal-setting, or focusing on what you don't want to happen, can be self-defeating because the mind responds to mental images. Instead, people should visualize positive outcomes when facing stressful situations, as positive mental rehearsal leads to better performance and success.）
2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为议论文，作者立场是积极支持（advocates positive visualization over negative goal-setting）。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 259 词、3 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 233 篇（占 39%）。
2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 3 段按议论文骨架分为 3 个意群：引言 · 第1段——律师的消极预演；分论点 · 第2段——消极目标设定的心理机制；分论点 · 第3段——积极目标设定的实践验证。
2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是积极支持（advocates positive visualization over negative goal-setting）。判断路径：开篇反面案例 → 理论论证支撑 → 结尾正面结果验证 → 整体态度综合判断；文中的态度信号词包括 fallen victim to（第2段）、Consequently（第2段）、self-assured（第3段）、did win（第3段）。
2017年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section B (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 5 个：rehearse（预演;排练;(在脑海中)反复演练）、anticipate（预期;预料;预先想象）、self-fulfilling（自我应验的;自我实现的(指预言或期望因其存在而成真)）、syndrome（综合征;症候群;(一系列相关的)症状）、project（发出;放送;(使声音)传送），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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