2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A
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2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A

新闻报道 · 完形填空(选词填空) · 真题文章逐层精读

interestingengineering.com 网站2016.06.17 文章:Germany Banning all Vehicle Emissions by 2030(德国 2030年全面禁止汽车尾气排放)。

本页是 2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章的精读视角页——这篇新闻报道全文 293 词、4 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

4 段英文原文

以下为2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 的完形填空(选词填空)原文,共 4 段。左侧 P1–P4 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, sparking a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline powered vehicle to be registered after 2030.

Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and implemented is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not eliminate a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still hopeful that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the acceptance of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected.

Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery changing stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations installed. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.

There are currently around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a noticeable effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not futile, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

4 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Germany's 2030 Vehicle Ban

    Germany announces a 2030 ban on new gasoline and diesel vehicles as part of its long-term carbon reduction plan.

    本段承担 opening 的作用,先抛出 Germany 禁售燃油车这一最重要的 news event,为后文说明原因、配套措施和现实困难建立逻辑起点。它也与全文主旨中的 2030 ban 和 2050 emissions cuts 直接对应,确定了报道的基本方向。

    抓首段政策禁令
  2. P2

    Why Germany Needs the Ban

    Germany is considering the ban because vehicle emissions threaten its climate goals, while electric car adoption remains slow.

    本段把首段的政策宣布转化为有因有果的报道论证,解释 Germany 为什么必须采取强硬措施。它还提前埋下 slow adoption 这一问题,为末段电动车数量远低于燃油车的 data 对比做好铺垫。

    抓因果与转折
  3. P3

    Building Support for Electric Vehicles

    Germany is promoting electric vehicles through massive charging infrastructure expansion, with electric car sales expected to grow.

    本段回答了 Germany 将如何实现能源转型,即通过建设充电与换电 infrastructure 降低电动车使用门槛。它丰富了全文主旨中 investing in millions of charging stations 的内容,也使前文的 ban 从单纯限制性政策变成限制与促进并行的完整方案。

    数字归并为配套建设
  4. P4

    A Long Road to Environmental Change

    Electric vehicles are still rare in Germany, and the environmental benefits of emissions policies will take time to appear.

    本段发挥 conclusion 的作用,用鲜明数据验证前文所说的 slow adoption,并对禁令及配套措施作出审慎评价。它使全文主旨不止停留在 Germany 的雄心政策,也强调从 155,000 到替代 45 million fossil-fuel cars 仍需长期努力,最终落脚于 future generations 的环境收益。

    用数量差看长期效果
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

4 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年12月英语六级真题第3套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 planned ban after 2030 effectively prevent

    What will Germany's planned ban effectively prevent after 2030?

    • A The use of all diesel vehicles on German roads.
    • B The sale of hybrid cars throughout Europe.
    • C The registration of new gasoline-powered vehicles.
    • D The production of gasoline-powered vehicles before 2030.
    • E The registration of all electric vehicles.
    • F The reduction of Germany's carbon footprint by 2050.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原文先给出 ban 的概括性政策,随后用 Effectively 明确其操作层面的含义:2030 年后,gasoline powered vehicle 不得被 registered。正确项保留了 registration、new 和 gasoline-powered 三个核心限制,属于对原文的压缩性同义复现。设置的难点在于考生容易把 sale 机械等同于 registration,或忽略 new 对车辆范围的限制;六级要求以原文最终界定的执行标准为准。

    年份直插解释句 时间极紧时,直接用题干中的 after 2030 回扫全文数字,先锁定 第1段;不要先逐个翻译六个选项。到位后只检查含有 effectively 的解释句,把选项压缩成“动作 + 对象 + 新旧范围”三个槽位,唯一完整对齐该句的正确项即为答案。这个方法利用新闻中数字的低重复性和解释标记的高信息密度。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 officials discussing and implementing Why

    Why are German officials discussing and implementing the ban?

    • A They have already achieved their 2020 emissions target.
    • B They want to compensate Volkswagen for its emissions scandal.
    • C They need to install six million charging stations by 2050.
    • D They believe their 2050 emissions goals cannot be met without sharply reducing vehicle emissions.
    • E Electric cars have become popular faster than expected.
    • F They intend to eliminate every source of carbon emissions.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    原文用 because 直接引出原因,并以 if they do not eliminate a large portion of vehicle emissions 说明未采取行动的后果。正确项将这一条件逻辑转换为 cannot be met without sharply reducing,保留了 officials 的判断、2050 goals 和 vehicle emissions 三项因果骨架。难点在于原文的 eliminate a large portion 并未逐字出现在选项中,考生需要识别 sharply reducing 是合理同义改写。

    因果句一锤定音 先用 Why 给选项做逻辑分类,只保留能够充当“原因”的选项,再以 officials 和 implementing 回扫 第2段。到段后优先捕捉 because 后面的完整条件链,不必精读其余背景句。将正确项视为唯一同时解释“为何行动”且包含目标受阻逻辑的选项;其余即使来自原文,只要属于目标、预测或措施,就立即删除。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 by 2030 charging infrastructure target

    What charging infrastructure target does Germany plan to meet by 2030?

    • A Building over one million charging stations by 2030.
    • B Registering six million hybrid vehicles on German roads.
    • C Replacing all gasoline and diesel cars with electric cars.
    • D Increasing electric car sales after Volkswagen's scandal.
    • E Installing over six million charging stations across the country.
    • F Reducing vehicle emissions by 40 percent.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    原文以 By 2030 开头,随后明确 Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations installed,构成时间、数量、设施和范围完整对应。正确项只将 having ... installed 转换为 Installing,事实关系未变。难点是同段前一句也出现 over 1 million 和 battery changing stations,考生若只按“数字 + station”粗略匹配,极易发生数量与设施错配。

    数字名词绑同句 在数字密集段落中,先跳过叙述句,肉眼检索 by 2030,直接锁定 第3段;接着只抄取该时间词所在句的“数量 + 设施”搭配。此时不要比较选项的语感,而要把每个候选项拆成数字、名词、时间三格,正确项是唯一三格均与同一句配对的选项。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 registered vehicles German roads comparison

    What does the comparison of registered vehicles on German roads mainly show?

    • A Electric vehicles already outnumber gasoline and diesel cars.
    • B Germany has banned all gasoline and diesel cars from its roads.
    • C Most German drivers have switched to hybrid cars.
    • D The environmental benefits of the ban are already clearly visible.
    • E Charging stations are more numerous than conventional cars.
    • F Hybrid and electric vehicles still make up a very small share of the vehicles in use.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文将约155,000辆 hybrid and electric vehicles 与4,500万辆 gasoline and diesel cars 对照,并用 dwarfed 强调前者规模远小于后者。正确项没有机械照搬数字,而是准确概括了这一比较所支持的结论,即新能源车辆当前占比很低。障碍在于题目问 mainly show,考生必须从数据推出比例关系;同时 still 保留了文章所暗示的转型尚未完成状态。

    抓住dwarfed判比例 时间不足时,以 German roads 直接锁定 第4段,看到两组车辆数字后不做比例计算,只抓 dwarfed 这个关系词。随后将选项按“少于、等于、多于、无法判断”快速归类;正确项是唯一把数量关系概括为当前占比很小、且未引入额外因果判断的选项。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

4 个意群的新闻报道骨架

按新闻报道 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 政策宣布与目标设定

    这个意群是 news lead,呈现了 Germany 的核心 policy announcement——2030年 ban gasoline and diesel vehicle sales,同时 establish 了整篇报道的 main angle,即通过 shift to electric vehicles 来 achieve carbon reduction targets,特别提到 80-95% reduction by 2050 这个 ambitious goal。

    作为 news report 的 opening paragraph,这个意群 establish 了整个 story 的 what 和 when——what policy Germany announced 以及 when it will take effect,为后续的 why 和 how 提供 foundation,这是 inverted pyramid structure 中最 critical 的 information layer。

    政策核心内容
  2. 政策出台的原因分析

    这个意群 shift 到 explanation layer,分析 why this ban is being implemented——energy officials 认为 without eliminating vehicle emissions 就无法 meet 2050 targets。同时 reveal 了一个 challenge:electric car acceptance 比 expected 要 slow,尽管 country 仍然 hopeful about 2020 的 40% reduction goal。

    作为 news report 的 background and context layer,这个意群 answer 了 why the policy is necessary,同时 introduce 了 tension between goals and reality——即 slow adoption rate。这给 story 增加了 depth,让 readers understand 不仅是 what's happening,还有 what challenges exist,这是 balanced reporting 的体现。

    未达预期的现状
  3. 配套措施与实施计划

    这个意群 present supporting measures——Germany's plan to build over 1 million charging stations,具体到 by 2030 要 install 6 million stations。同时 provide market context,mention Volkswagen's emissions scandal 对 electric car sales 的 potential impact,这 add 了 industry dimension to the policy story。

    作为 implementation details layer,这个意群 answer how the policy will be supported——通过 massive infrastructure investment。这 demonstrate policy feasibility 并 show government commitment beyond just ban announcement。Reference to Volkswagen scandal 也 provide industry context,让 story more comprehensive and grounded in market reality。

    基础设施投资
  4. 现状对比与长远展望

    这个意群 provide reality check——contrast 155,000 electric vehicles with 45 million gasoline cars,establish the scale of challenge。然后 broaden perspective,discuss how countries need greater steps 并 acknowledge 这些 efforts 的 results 可能要 generations 才能 see,ending with forward-looking statement about bettering the world for future。

    作为 conclusion and perspective layer,这个意群 fulfill news report 的 closing function——provide context through stark contrast,acknowledge challenges,但 maintain balanced tone by recognizing long-term value。这 give readers realistic assessment while avoiding both excessive optimism and pessimism,这是 quality journalism 的 hallmark。

    悬殊现状数据
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段政策动词 P1

    新闻报道的 lead paragraph 通常会直接呈现 core message,尤其是 policy-oriented news 会在开头明确 what、when、who 这些关键要素,帮助我们 immediately grasp 文章的 central focus

  2. 因果关系词定位动机 P2

    Policy news 通常在第二段解释 why behind the action,这部分内容 bridges 具体措施和 strategic objectives,帮助我们理解 policy rationale 并确认主旨的 depth dimension

  3. 数据对比显差距 P3 P4

    Middle paragraphs 提供 concrete evidence 和 contextual background,通过 quantitative data 和 comparative statements 来 substantiate 主旨中的 challenges 和 ambitions,让我们看到 current reality 和 future vision 之间的 gap

  4. 三维度信息整合 P1 P2 P3 P4

    新闻报道的主旨本质上是 multi-dimensional information synthesis,需要我们将 opening declaration、causal explanation、evidential support 串联成 coherent understanding,既看到 headline action,也理解 contextual complexity

主旨信号词 plan to ban P1 carbon footprint P1 not occurred as fast as expected P2 charging stations P3 dwarfed by P4

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

德国计划到2030年禁止销售汽油和柴油车以实现碳减排目标,并投资建设数百万个充电站。尽管电动车普及缓慢,目前仅有15.5万辆注册电动车对比4500万辆燃油车,但该国目标是到2050年大幅削减排放。
Germany plans to ban gasoline and diesel vehicle sales by 2030 to achieve carbon reduction targets, investing in millions of charging stations. Despite slow electric vehicle adoption with only 155,000 registered versus 45 million fossil fuel cars, the country aims for significant emissions cuts by 2050.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • dwarf 使显得微不足道;使相形见绌

    让我们把这些clues串联起来。首先,numerical contrast告诉我们两个量级difference巨大;其次,'by + larger number'的structure暗示了一种被动的overwhelmed关系;最后,整个paragraph的function是highlight德国electric vehicle推广的slow progress。将这三条线索combine,我们可以conclude:dwarfed描述的是当一个小数字being made to appear insignificant时的状态,也就是'使相形见绌'或'使显得微不足道'。

    数量对比的三角定位法
  • futile 徒劳的;无效的;无用的

    现在把所有pieces放在一起。转折逻辑告诉我们futile与'long-term results'形成contrast;全文的theme是defending这些slow-progress的efforts仍有价值;构词法confirm了这是个描述negative quality的形容词。三条线索point to同一个conclusion:futile描述的是efforts that produce no useful results,也就是'徒劳的'或'无效的'。作者用double negative('not futile')是在强调:尽管results delayed,但这些efforts ultimately有意义。

    评价语境的语义极性追踪
  • noticeable 显著的;明显的;易察觉的

    三条clues构成了一个完美的validation chain。Cause-effect structure告诉我们需要stronger action才能达到这种effect;morphological analysis直接decode出'可被注意到'的meaning;整体narrative context confirm了作者在呼吁visible和measurable的environmental impact。这三个角度converge,明确告诉我们:noticeable means'显著的'、'明显的'、'容易被察觉的'。

    派生词的构词验证法
  • spark 引发;激发;触发

    现在我们整合这些insights。Syntactic analysis确认了spark表示cause某种result;段落tone告诉我们这是个positive且energetic的动词,describing policies的catalytic power;imagery analysis提供了'点燃、引发'这个conceptual framework。三条线索共同指向:spark作为动词,means'引发'、'激发'、'触发',especially when referring to initiating某种significant change或movement。

    熟词新义的意象迁移法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 数据引用

    P1 P2 P3 P4

    文章在第一段提到 carbon footprint reduction by 80-95% by 2050,在第二段提到 reducing emissions by 40% by 2020,第三段提到 over 1 million charging stations 和 6 million charging stations by 2030,第四段对比了 155,000 registered electric vehicles 和 45 million gasoline cars。这些 precise figures 和 statistical data 让政策目标变得 concrete and measurable,增强了报道的 credibility 和 authority,让读者能够 quantify 德国能源转型的 scale 和 ambition。

    信号词 by 2030 by 2050 80-95% 40% 1 million 6 million 155,000 45 million percent million billion thousand statistics show data indicates according to figures

    仿写: 写作时要问自己:what concrete numbers can support this claim? 比如报道环保政策时,不要只说 "significant reduction",而要说 "a 40% reduction by 2025"。找到 official statistics, government reports, research data 作为支撑。仿写模版:[主体] plans to [动作] by [具体数字/百分比] by [时间点],例如:The city aims to increase renewable energy usage by 60% by 2028.

  • 对比手法

    P4

    第四段中 "155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles" 与 "45 million gasoline and diesel cars" 形成了 stark contrast,用 "dwarfed by" 这个 vivid verb 来强化这种 disparity。这个 numerical juxtaposition 直观展示了 current reality 与 ambitious goals 之间的 huge gap,突出了 transition challenge 的 magnitude,让读者理解为什么需要 aggressive policies 比如 2030 ban。这种对比让 article's main message 更有 impact。

    信号词 dwarfed by compared to in contrast while versus however on the other hand but whereas unlike yet conversely

    仿写: 寻找可以 juxtapose 的 two data points 或 situations,选择能产生 striking difference 的元素。使用 transition words 如 "dwarfed by, compared to, in contrast, while, versus" 来建立 comparison。确保对比的 two elements 在同一个 dimension 上可比较。仿写模版:[较小数据/弱势方] + [对比词] + [较大数据/强势方],例如:The 5,000 new jobs created are dwarfed by the 200,000 positions lost during the recession.

  • 背景交代

    P2 P3

    第二段以 "Part of the reason" 开头,解释了 why the ban is being implemented,提到 emissions goals 和 slow acceptance of electric cars 这些 contextual factors。第三段提到 Volkswagen emissions scandal 作为 background context。这些 background information 帮助读者 understand the rationale 和 broader context,让 policy announcement 不是 isolated fact 而是 logical response to existing challenges。这种 contextualization 增强了报道的 depth 和 completeness。

    信号词 Part of the reason This is because The background is Contributing factors Due to As a result of Given that In light of Context includes Historically Previously

    仿写: 在介绍 major policy 或 event 之前或之后,问自己:what led to this? what's the bigger picture? 使用 transitional phrases 如 "part of the reason, this is because, the background is, contributing factors include" 来引入 context。确保 background 直接 relate to main topic 而不是 tangential。仿写模版:[因果引导词] + [背景原因/历史因素] + [导致结果],例如:Part of the reason for this policy shift is the country's struggle to meet its previous environmental commitments.

  • 引语运用

    P3

    第三段提到 "According to the International Business Times",这是 attribution 的使用。虽然不是 direct quote,但通过 citing external source 来增强 claim 的 credibility。这种 reference to established media outlet 让关于 electric car sales increase 的 prediction 更有 authority,避免显得像是 author's speculation。这体现了 journalistic practice 中 source attribution 的重要性。

    信号词 According to As stated by Reports indicate Experts say Sources claim Studies show Research suggests Officials noted As reported by Data from Citing

    仿写: 确定哪些 claims 需要 external validation,寻找 credible sources 如 official reports, experts, research institutions。使用 attribution phrases 如 "according to, as stated by, reports indicate, experts say"。即使是 paraphrasing 而非 direct quote,也要明确 attribute source。仿写模版:According to [来源], [陈述内容],例如:According to the World Health Organization, air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths annually.

  • 客观描述

    P1 P2 P3 P4

    整篇文章采用 neutral, factual tone 来 present information,如第一段 "Germany has just stated that they plan to ban...",第二段 "energy officials see that...",第四段 "There are currently around..."。这种 objective reporting style 避免 subjective judgments,只 state facts, plans, and current situations。这让读者能基于 information 自己 form opinions,体现了 journalistic objectivity 的 principle,增强了报道的 trustworthiness。

    信号词 plans to stated that officials see currently there are data shows reports indicate according to it is the country has

    仿写: 使用 neutral verbs 如 "state, plan, indicate, show, report" 而非 emotional verbs 如 "claim, insist, argue"。Stick to verifiable facts 和 observable actions。避免 evaluative adjectives 除非是 quoting source。使用 passive voice 或 third-person perspective 来 maintain distance。仿写模版:[主体] + [中性动词] + [事实性内容],例如:The company announced plans to expand operations into three new markets next quarter.

  • 设问引导

    P4

    虽然文章没有 explicit questions,但第四段的结构暗含了 implicit question addressing:"Will these efforts work?" 或 "When will we see results?" 文章用 "While the efforts are certainly not futile, the results...will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line" 来 answer these unspoken concerns。这种 anticipating reader questions 并 preemptively addressing them 的手法,引导读者思考 policy effectiveness 和 time horizon,让文章更 engaging 和 thoughtful。

    信号词 While Although However But The question is One might ask Critics wonder It remains to be seen The challenge is Yet

    仿写: 想象读者在读到 main claim 后会问什么,然后在文中 address those questions。可以用 explicit questions 作为 section headers,或者用 "while, although, however" 来 introduce counterpoints 或 qualifications。确保 question 和 answer 的 logical connection 清晰。仿写模版:While [承认限制/反面], [主要观点/长远影响],例如:While immediate results may be limited, the long-term environmental benefits will be substantial.

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 电动车接受度低于预期

    P2
    the acceptance of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected

    否定表达类 has not occurred as fast as expected will not reach has not achieved failed to meet fell short of not as successful as hoped slower than anticipated

    这个 implication 揭示了 Germany 推广电动车面临的 practical difficulty。虽然政府设定了 ambitious targets,但 public adoption 进度缓慢,说明政策执行层面存在 obstacles。这对文章主旨的作用是增加 complexity,表明这不仅是个 policy announcement,更是个需要克服 significant challenges 的长期 transition。它为后文提到需要建设大量 charging stations 提供了 justification,也暗示 2030 ban 的实现难度可能比表面看起来更大。

  • 现状与目标的巨大差距

    P4
    There are currently around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now

    对比类 dwarfed by overshadowed by pale in comparison to far exceeded by outnumbered by a fraction of barely a dent compared to

    这个 implication 通过 stark numerical contrast 揭示了 Germany 面临的 monumental task。155,000 对比 45 million 的悬殊比例,加上 'dwarfed' 的强烈用词,传递出当前电动车 market share 微不足道的现实。这对文章主旨的价值在于提供 sobering perspective,让读者理解到 2030 ban 不只是个 policy decision,而是需要彻底 transform 整个 automotive landscape 的 massive undertaking。它也为最后一段关于 'greater steps need to be taken' 的呼吁提供了 empirical foundation。

  • 成效显现需要长期等待

    P4
    the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future

    模糊限制语 only start to be seen by generations down the line in the long run over time eventually in the distant future not in the immediate term gradually over decades

    这个 implication 通过 vague future reference 传递了一个 sobering message:尽管 Germany 采取了 bold action,但 environmental benefits 不会在 foreseeable future 显现。'Generations down the line' 暗示当前做出 sacrifice 的人们不会亲眼见到 payoff。这对文章主旨的作用是提供 realistic closure,避免过度 optimistic portrayal。它既肯定了政策的 long-term value ('bettering the world'),又 implicitly acknowledge 这是个 intergenerational effort,需要 sustained commitment despite lack of immediate gratification。这种 balanced perspective 使整篇报道更具 credibility。

  • 努力的有限性

    P4
    While the efforts are certainly not futile

    让步类 certainly not futile while not perfect despite limitations though progress is slow not without merit by no means insignificant hardly a complete solution

    这个 implication 通过 defensive phrasing 揭示了作者对政策 effectiveness 的 subtle skepticism。'Certainly not futile' 是个 qualified endorsement,暗示虽然 efforts 有价值,但 impact 可能比预期 limited。这对文章主旨的作用是提供 nuanced assessment,避免 overly optimistic 或 pessimistic 的 one-sided view。它承认了 Germany 的 commitment,同时 implicitly prepare readers for the reality that这些措施不会产生 dramatic immediate changes。这种 balanced tone 让报道更具 journalistic integrity。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( Cautiously Optimistic)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首段事实定调 P1

    新闻报道体裁通常遵循inverted pyramid结构,最重要的fact放在lead段,作者态度往往不会在开篇直接outed,而是隐藏在事实陈述背后,所以先判断首段是否attitude-neutral有助于锁定态度显现的位置。

  2. 引语态度过滤 P2 P3

    新闻报道常通过quoting官方或机构的说法来间接传递态度,如果hedge word出现在转述句里,需要分辨是被采访者的态度还是作者借用引语渗透自己的judgement,这一步能帮助排除干扰,锚定真正的作者声音。

  3. 尾段转折定态 P4

    新闻评论类文章的态度往往集中在结尾总结句,因为作者需要在陈述完所有fact和data之后,给读者一个take-away,所以末段的transition word和judgmental phrase是态度最浓缩的signal。

  4. 全篇态度串联 P1 P2 P3 P4

    新闻报道的态度往往不是单一维度的肯定或否定,而是像本文这样呈现一种progressive的态度曲线,从铺陈fact到引用他人观点再到亲自评价,这种layered structure正是判断complex attitude的关键。

文中的态度信号词

  • certainly not futile P4

    这是一个double negative结构,用not futile而不是直接说useful,作者借助委婉的否定之否定,既承认努力确实有价值,又避免显得overly enthusiastic,符合新闻报道保持一定restraint的语气。

    同类词 not futile not without merit hardly pointless by no means useless

  • likely only P4

    likely only start to be seen这个短语用hedge word限定了效果显现的timeline,表明作者对短期成果并不plentiful的期待,但又没有否定长期价值,体现出一种理性又带希望的judgement。

    同类词 likely may could eventually in due course

  • bettering the world for the future P4

    用bettering这个positive verb作为全文的closing note,给前面略显严峻的数据对比注入一层hopeful color,暗示作者最终倾向于认可这一环保举措的long-term意义。

    同类词 bettering improving benefiting for the greater good for a better future

  • dwarfed by P4

    用155,000对比45 million这组数据,再加dwarfed这个夸张对比词,凸显目前electric vehicle的普及率还very much微小,暗含作者对现状进度不足的一丝concern,但并非全盘否定。

    同类词 overshadowed by pale in comparison to far outnumbered by

  • need to be taken P4

    greater steps need to be taken这句话用义务动词need to委婉指出目前的effort还不够,暗示作者认为achieving真正的emission goal还有一段路要走,体现理性务实而不是盲目乐观。

    同类词 need to must should have yet to remain to be done

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇新闻报道

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇新闻报道?

  1. 首段直报政策动向 P1

    这篇文章的第一段直接报道了 Germany 刚刚宣布的一个 specific policy——到 2030 年 ban gasoline and diesel vehicles。这种开门见山报道 recent action 的方式是 news report 的典型特征。如果是 argumentative essay,开头会先提出 thesis statement;如果是 expository writing,开头会介绍 topic 而非 breaking news。

  2. 归因于决策者而非作者 P2

    第二段解释了这个 ban 被讨论和实施的 reason——energy officials 看到如果不 eliminate vehicle emissions 就无法达到 2050 emissions goals。这是在 report the rationale behind the policy,不是 taking a stance 支持或反对。议论文会说 'this ban is necessary because...' 或者 'this ban is problematic because...',明确表达 author's position;说明文会更 neutral 地 define what emissions goals are,不涉及 specific policy decisions。

  3. 引用数据与信息来源 P3

    第三段提供了 multiple specific figures——'over 1 million charging stations'、'6 million by 2030'、'155,000 registered electric vehicles'、'45 million gasoline cars'——并且 cite 'the International Business Times' 作为 source。这种 data-driven reporting with attribution 是 news article 的标志。议论文可能也用 statistics,但主要是为了 support an argument;说明文会 explain concepts 而不是 report ongoing plans and predictions。

  4. 中立评估与前瞻视角 P4

    第四段总结了 current state——'currently around 155,000 hybrid vehicles... dwarfed by 45 million gasoline cars'——然后 place this in broader context 关于 emission reduction efforts。注意它用 'While the efforts are certainly not futile' 这种 balanced assessment,不是 strongly advocating 也不是 purely describing mechanics。这是 news analysis 的 neutral wrap-up。议论文的结尾会 reinforce the main argument 或者 issue a call to action;说明文的结尾会 summarize the explained concept。

  5. 报道事件而非论证观点 P1 P2 P3 P4

    这篇文章在每一步都展现了 news reporting 的特征:开篇 announce policy、中间 explain rationale with attribution、提供 concrete plans and figures、结尾 assess implications neutrally。它不是 trying to convince you that the ban is good or bad (议论文),也不是 explaining what electric vehicles are or how they work (说明文),而是 reporting what Germany is doing and why。

哪些词暴露了新闻报道体裁?

  • Germany has just stated P1 新闻来源与引用词 According to the International Business Times energy officials see the country is still hopeful
  • by 2030 P1 即时性时间与地点词 by 2050 by 2020 after 2030 currently
  • plan to ban the sale P1 核心事实概括词 planning to reduce will include the registration plans to build plans on having sales are expected to increase
  • emissions scandal P3 核心事实概括词 emissions goals vehicle emissions reducing emissions by 40% carbon footprint
  • There are currently around 155,000 P4 核心事实概括词 around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles 45 million gasoline and diesel cars over 1 million charging stations over 6 million charging stations reduce by 80-95%
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

3 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 的常见问题

2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章 的原文出自哪里?
interestingengineering.com 网站2016.06.17 文章:Germany Banning all Vehicle Emissions by 2030(德国 2030年全面禁止汽车尾气排放)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章的主旨是什么?
德国计划到2030年禁止销售汽油和柴油车以实现碳减排目标,并投资建设数百万个充电站。尽管电动车普及缓慢,目前仅有15.5万辆注册电动车对比4500万辆燃油车,但该国目标是到2050年大幅削减排放。(英文表述:Germany plans to ban gasoline and diesel vehicle sales by 2030 to achieve carbon reduction targets, investing in millions of charging stations. Despite slow electric vehicle adoption with only 155,000 registered versus 45 million fossil fuel cars, the country aims for significant emissions cuts by 2050.)
2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为新闻报道,作者立场是积极支持(Cautiously Optimistic)。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 293 词、4 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 233 篇(占 39%)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 4 段按新闻报道骨架分为 4 个意群:第1段——政策宣布与目标设定;第2段——政策出台的原因分析;第3段——配套措施与实施计划;第4段——现状对比与长远展望。
2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(Cautiously Optimistic)。判断路径:首段事实定调 → 引语态度过滤 → 尾段转折定态 → 全篇态度串联;文中的态度信号词包括 certainly not futile(第4段)、likely only(第4段)、bettering the world for the future(第4段)、dwarfed by(第4段)、need to be taken(第4段)。
2017年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:dwarf(使显得微不足道;使相形见绌)、futile(徒劳的;无效的;无用的)、noticeable(显著的;明显的;易察觉的)、spark(引发;激发;触发),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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