2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions
CET-6 · 来自 2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 · Part III Section A · 完形填空(选词填空)

Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions

2018年12月英语六级真题第3套文章逐层精读

Interestingengineering网站2016年7月17日文章Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions(在牛屁股上画眼睛可使农民,不再射杀狮子)。

本页是 2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章的精读视角页——这篇新闻报道全文 282 词、4 段,CEFR 难度 B2(B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

4 段英文原文

以下为2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 的完形填空(选词填空)原文,共 4 段。左侧 P1–P4 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions

In what's probably the craziest headline I've ever written, I've reported that advances in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who're protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that otherwise would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been devising and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.

This idea is based on the principle that lions and other predators are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the boundaries of these protected areas.

Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation. "If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and elsewhere—with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed."

Lions are primarily ambush(埋伏) hunters, so when they feel their prey has spotted them, they usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are currently testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to determine if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

4 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Painted Eyes as Lion Deterrents

    Scientists are testing painted eyes on cows to deter lions and reduce retaliatory lion killings.

    本段承担 lead paragraph 的功能:它用极具吸引力的实验现象吸引读者,并立即建立“保护牛群—避免杀狮”的 conservation conflict,为全文主旨奠定基础。

    画眼睛防狮
  2. P2

    Why the Trick May Work

    The method relies on predators' fear of being watched amid growing human-lion conflict.

    本段为第一段的奇特做法提供科学依据和社会背景:它说明该实验并非荒诞的 trick,而是针对捕食行为与栖息地压力设计的现实方案。

    被注视不攻击
  3. P3

    A Potential Win-Win Conservation Tool

    If successful, the low-cost method could protect both livestock and lions.

    本段从“实验原理”推进到“应用价值”,突出该方案的经济性、可持续性和双重保护效果,从而直接强化文章的 conservation 主旨。

    低成本双保护
  4. P4

    Testing the Ambush-Deterrence Hypothesis

    Researchers are testing whether painted eyes can disrupt lions' ambushes and prevent lion killings.

    本段提供全文最关键的 evidence-building process:它既说明为什么 lions 可能被欺骗,也交代如何用 controlled comparison 验证效果,使报道从设想落到可检验的科学实践。

    对照追踪验效果
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

4 道逐段细节自检题

针对2018年12月英语六级真题第3套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 Australian researchers painting eyes on cows

    What are Australian researchers seeking to achieve by painting eyes on cows?

    • A To help farmers identify lions that have attacked their cattle.
    • B To mark cattle that should be removed from lion habitats.
    • C To make lions feel watched and reduce their attacks on livestock.
    • D To lure lions close enough for scientists to capture them.
    • E To train lions to avoid all human-populated areas.
    • F To replace the need for farmers to protect their herds.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    该项完整复现了实验的逻辑链:painted eyes 是手段,feel watched 是心理机制,reduce attacks on livestock 是直接保护效果。原文用 make lions think they are being watched 表达同义含义;选项把 think they are being watched 转换为 feel watched,属于六级常见的同义改写。障碍在于题干提到 cows,考生可能只看到表层的 painting,而遗漏后面的心理欺骗机制。

    目的动词反推 时间极紧时,直接用题干中的 painting eyes on cows 跳至 第1段,不必从头阅读全文。随后采用“动词宾语反推法”:把 achieve 暂时替换为“该动作要让谁发生什么变化”,只核验所有选项中能承接心理动词链条的一项,即正确项;含 identify、mark、lure、train、replace 的选项会在动作对象或作用方向上立刻断链。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 coming into contact human populations

    Why are lions increasingly coming into contact with human populations?

    • A Because lions have become more willing to attack people.
    • B Because farmers are moving their cattle deeper into conservation areas.
    • C Because satellite tracking has changed lion migration routes.
    • D Because protected areas are shrinking while human populations are expanding toward them.
    • E Because lions are being released from protected areas by researchers.
    • F Because predators prefer to hunt near the boundaries of protected areas.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    该项准确保留了原文的双重空间挤压:conservation areas become smaller,同时 human populations expand to the boundaries of these areas。shrinking 与 expanding toward them 分别完成同义替换和代词概括,解释了 lions 与人类接触增加的原因。障碍在于原文没有使用显性的 because,而是通过 As 引出背景;考生需识别 As 所承载的因果语义。

    双箭头扫描 紧张状态下,用 coming into contact 直达 第2段,并立即执行“双箭头扫描”:向前找区域的收缩动词,向后找人口的扩张动词。无需逐句翻译,只要正确项同时覆盖一个 shrink 箭头和一个 expand 箭头,便可判定;单独归因于狮子性情、农民行为或技术手段的选项均不满足双因素结构。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 method proves effective farmers and lions

    If the method proves effective, what benefit could it offer farmers and lions?

    • A It would guarantee that no lion could ever attack livestock again.
    • B It would expand conservation areas for local human populations.
    • C It could enable farmers to hunt lions more efficiently.
    • D It would replace all satellite monitoring of cattle and lions.
    • E It could protect livestock with a low-cost tool while reducing the killing of lions.
    • F It could make lions better ambush hunters.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    该项对应 provide farmers with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock,以及 keep lions safe from being killed。while 将两个受益面并列,准确回应 farmers and lions;could 也保留了原文的条件性和不确定性。障碍在于 sustainable 容易被考生误解成立即见效,或只关注 farmer 的经济利益而漏掉 lion safety。

    双边受益对账 可直接以 farmers and lions 定到 第3段,因为这一对并列对象在文中具有唯一性。接着使用“受益人对账法”:把选项中的一半内容对账给 farmers,另一半对账给 lions,并检查情态词是否仍是可能性。只有正确项能完成双边对账且不越过 if 的条件门槛。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 satellite tracking cattle experiment

    What are the researchers trying to determine through their cattle experiment and satellite tracking?

    • A Whether painted cows are healthier than unpainted cows.
    • B Whether lions can be taught to recognize individual farmers.
    • C Whether satellite tracking can enlarge protected conservation areas.
    • D Whether normal cows can lead lions away from painted cows.
    • E Whether lions hunt more successfully when they are watched.
    • F Whether painted eyes can deter lion attacks and help prevent farmers from shooting lions.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    实验把 cows 分为 painted 与 normal 两组,并追踪 herd 和 lions,目的正是 determine psychological trickery 是否有效。选项中的 deter lion attacks 概括了让狮子放弃捕猎的机制,help prevent farmers from shooting lions 对应最终减少报复性猎杀的目标。障碍在于原文先详述分组与 tracking,考生若停留在 procedure,容易错选有关监测或牛群移动的表层选项。

    目的方向双核验 先抓 satellite tracking,直接定位 第4段;随后使用“显性目的句优先法”,跳过大部分 procedure,直接读取 determine 后承接的研究目标,再用前面的行为机制核验方向。不能把“可由实验检验”等同于“就是研究者要检验的命题”:干扰_5 也可以通过实验收集相关证据,但它把 watched 之后的捕猎结果写成 more successfully,与文中的方向相反。只有同时符合显性目的和机制方向的正确项才能保留。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

4 个意群的新闻报道骨架

按新闻报道 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 创新方法引入

    这个 opening paragraph 直接抛出了一个 eye-catching 的 headline——在牛屁股上画眼睛来 protect livestock,解释了 the context 是农民为了保护牲畜会射杀狮子,而澳大利亚研究人员正在测试这种 trickery method 来让狮子以为自己 being watched

    这是典型的 news lead,用最 attention-grabbing 的方式呈现了整个 conservation method 的核心内容,directly introduces 画眼睛这个 innovative approach,同时交代了 the problem background——farmers 和 lions 之间的 conflict

    方法核心呈现
  2. 方法原理阐释

    这个段落 explains the underlying principle——lions 在感觉 being watched 时不太可能 attack,同时补充了 broader context:conservation areas 变小导致 lions 和 human populations 的接触增加

    这是 explanatory paragraph,provides the scientific rationale behind 画眼睛这个方法,解释了 why this trickery works,同时 contextualizes the urgency——human-wildlife conflict 正在加剧,让读者理解这个 method 不只是 creative 而是有 solid biological basis

    行为机制说明
  3. 方法价值评估

    段落用 Efforts like...may seem crazy at first, but 这个 concessive structure 来承认方法的 unconventional nature 但强调其 potential impact,引用说明这是 low-cost 和 sustainable 的 solution,能同时 protect livestock 和 keep lions safe

    这是 evaluation paragraph,shifts from explanation to assessment,通过 direct quote 增强 credibility,强调这个 method 的 practical benefits——low-cost 和 dual protection,为整个 conservation approach 提供 value proposition

    可行性与效益
  4. 实验细节与验证

    最后段落 delves into specific details:解释 lions 是 ambush hunters 所以 being spotted 时会 give up,描述 current testing——half painted half normal,通过 satellite tracking 来 determine effectiveness

    这是 elaboration paragraph,provides concrete implementation details 和 verification method,从 general concept 落实到 specific experimental design,用 scientific rigor 增强整个 story 的可信度,也呼应 lead paragraph 的 testing 说法

    验证方法设计
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段抓创新点 P1

    新闻报道的 lead paragraph 通常会用 eye-catching detail 或 surprising element 来 hook readers,比如这里的 'painting eyes on cow butts' 这个 unconventional method 立刻揭示了文章的 central topic

  2. 问题与方案对应 P1 P3

    新闻报道常围绕 a problem that needs solving 展开。这里的 problem 是 'farmers shoot lions to protect livestock',solution 是 'paint eyes to deter attacks'。这个 conflict-resolution dynamic 就是文章的 structural backbone

  3. 找科学原理 P2 P4

    第二段和第四段解释了 'why this works':利用 lions' ambush behavior 和 'being watched' 的 psychological effect。这个 mechanism 支撑了整个创新方案的 credibility,是主旨中 'exploits hunting behavior' 的来源

  4. 挖掘影响范围 P2 P3

    第二段提到 'conservation areas become smaller' 和 'human populations expanding',第三段强调 'low-cost, sustainable tool' 和 'keep lions safe'。这些 contextual details 揭示了 the larger stakes:不只是技术创新,更是 conservation crisis 和 human-wildlife conflict 的应对

  5. 四要素合成主旨 P1 P2 P3 P4

    综合前面步骤,主旨就清晰了:'painting eyes'(创新点)+ 'exploits ambush behavior'(科学依据)+ 'deter attacks'(解决问题)+ 'reduce losses and prevent killings'(实际影响)。这四个维度构成了完整的 news story arc

主旨信号词 advances P1 protect P1 ambush hunters P4 low-cost P3 conservation P2 method of trickery P1

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

科学家正在测试一种创新的保护方法,通过在奶牛臀部绘制眼睛来阻止狮子袭击。这种低成本方法利用了狮子的伏击狩猎行为,有望减少牲畜损失,并防止农民在人类居住区侵占保护区边界的地区报复性猎杀狮子。
Scientists are testing an innovative conservation method by painting eyes on cows' rumps to deter lion attacks. This low-cost approach exploits lions' ambush hunting behavior, potentially reducing livestock losses and preventing retaliatory killings of lions by farmers in areas where human populations encroach on conservation boundaries.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • herd 兽群;牲畜群

    我们先从 第1段 中发现 herd 和 livestock 在同一语境中出现,形成了 semantic parallelism。然后在 第4段 中,herd of cattle 这个固定搭配直接揭示了 herd 的本质——它是一个 collective noun,专门用来描述一群牲畜。两条线索相互印证,让我们可以准确推断出 herd 的含义。

    同义复现加介词结构双重验证法
  • headway 进展;进步

    我们首先从 make headway in the fight 这个 collocation 中感知到 headway 与 progress 相关。然后通过 but they could make actual headway 这个 contrastive clause,我们确认 headway 是一个 positive result。结合后文提到的 provide a tool 和 keep lions safe,我们可以确定 headway 就是在 conservation efforts 中取得的实质性进展。

    转折标记加动词搭配三层验证法
  • predator 捕食者;食肉动物

    通过 lions and other predators 这个 categorical expression,我们知道 predators 是 lions 所属的 broader category。然后通过 attack, hunt, prey 这些 behavioral descriptors,我们明确了 predators 的 defining characteristics。两条线索一个从 taxonomy 角度,一个从 behavior 角度,共同指向 predators 就是捕食其他动物的食肉动物。

    实例归类加行为特征分析法
  • spotted 发现;看到

    我们首先通过 第2段 和 第4段 的 cross-referencing,发现 spotted 和 being watched 存在 functional equivalence。然后通过 the entire experimental logic(painted eyes → lions think they're spotted → give up hunting),我们确认 spotted 就是 prey 通过 visual means 发现了 predator。两条线索从 semantic parallelism 和 causal chain 两个角度,让我们准确推断出 spotted 的含义。

    跨段呼应加因果链条验证法
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 引语运用

    P3

    文章在第三段引入了 direct quote,通过 "If the method works, it could provide..." 这样的 expert voice 来增强 credibility。这个 quotation 强调了这项 conservation method 的 practical value 和 sustainability,让读者感受到这不仅是 crazy idea,更是有 scientific backing 的 viable solution。Quote 里提到的 low-cost 和 sustainable 这些关键词直接呼应了文章的 core message,即用 innovative yet affordable 的方式实现 wildlife protection 和 livestock safety 的 balance。

    信号词 according to said stated explained noted pointed out emphasized could provide researchers suggest experts believe

    仿写: 在撰写 news report 时,识别文章中需要 credibility boost 的关键 claim,然后寻找 relevant experts、researchers 或 stakeholders 的 statements。引语应该 complement 而非 repeat 你的 narrative,选择那些能 add new dimension 或 provide evidence 的 quotes。模版:[Background context]. "[Direct quote highlighting key benefit/concern]," [attribution with credentials]. [Follow-up explanation connecting quote to broader theme].

  • 对比手法

    P4

    文章在第四段运用了 experimental control 的 contrast structure:painted half 和 left the other half as normal 形成鲜明 comparison。这种 scientific methodology 的呈现方式让整个 conservation effort 显得 rigorous and testable。通过 satellite tracking 这个 modern technology 的引入,对比不仅停留在 visual level (painted vs. unpainted),更延伸到 data collection 层面。这个 controlled experiment design 的描述强化了文章主旨中 "testing" 和 "innovative method" 的 scientific credibility,让读者理解这不是 random attempt 而是 systematic research。

    信号词 while whereas in contrast on the other hand however but unlike compared to half both either...or

    仿写: 在构建 news narrative 时,识别可以形成 meaningful contrast 的 elements。对比可以是 before/after、control/experimental、traditional/innovative 等 dimensions。关键是确保对比双方有 clear differentiation 同时又 serve the same purpose of illustration。模版:[Action A on Group 1] + [Contrasting action B on Group 2]. [Method of measurement/observation] will [reveal/determine/show] [expected outcome]. 使用 parallel structure 能让对比更 striking。

  • 背景交代

    P2

    文章第二段提供了 essential context,解释为什么这个 crazy-sounding method 是 necessary。通过说明 lions and predators 的 behavioral pattern (far less likely to attack when watched) 以及 root cause 的分析 (conservation areas becoming smaller, human expansion),文章建立了 problem-solution framework。这个 background information 让读者理解 cow butt painting 不是 random gimmick,而是基于 predator psychology 和 addressing real-world conflict 的 thoughtful response。交代背景同时也 establishes stakes:这关乎 both human livelihoods 和 lion survival。

    信号词 based on because as since due to the reason background context historically previously

    仿写: 撰写 background section 时,问自己三个问题:What does the reader need to know? Why does this situation exist? Why should they care? 从 broader context 逐渐 narrow down 到 specific issue。使用 causal language 来 establish connections between background factors 和 current situation。模版:[General principle/trend]. As [contextual change], [specific consequence] is occurring, which [impact on stakeholders]. This creates [problem/opportunity] that [main story addresses].

  • 客观描述

    P4

    第四段开头用 factual statement 描述 lions 的 hunting behavior:"Lions are primarily ambush hunters, so when they feel their prey has spotted them, they usually give up on the hunt." 这种 objective description 提供了整个 experiment 的 scientific foundation。通过 matter-of-fact tone 陈述 animal behavior,文章建立了 logical chain:既然 lions 有这种 tendency,那么 creating illusion of being watched 就成为 plausible deterrent。这种客观描述增强了整个 conservation method 的 theoretical basis,让 unusual solution 显得 grounded in biology rather than whimsy。

    信号词 are is typically generally usually primarily tend to characterized by known for research shows

    仿写: 撰写 objective description 时,focus on observable behaviors、measurable data、和 established facts。使用 simple present tense 描述 general truths,avoid qualifier words like "seems" 或 "might" 当陈述 known facts。选择 precise verbs 和 specific nouns 而非 vague language。模版:[Subject] + [present tense verb] + [specific behavior/characteristic], [causal conjunction] [resulting action/pattern]. 保持 third-person perspective 和 neutral tone throughout。

  • 设问引导

    P3

    虽然文章没有明显的 direct question,但第三段 "Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first" 采用了 implicit questioning 的 rhetorical strategy。通过 acknowledge potential skepticism ("may seem crazy"),文章 addresses 读者心中可能的 unspoken question:"Is this actually serious?" 然后立即用 "but they could make actual headway" 来 pivot to affirmative answer。这种 anticipate and address doubt 的方式是 sophisticated form of rhetorical questioning,引导读者从 initial skepticism 转向 open-minded consideration of the method's merits。

    信号词 may seem might appear you might wonder the question is one might ask could this but what about why would how can at first glance

    仿写: 运用 rhetorical questioning approach 时,先 identify potential reader objections 或 doubts about your story。可以选择 directly pose question 或通过 acknowledging seeming contradictions 来 implicitly raise the question。关键是 immediately provide answer 或 counterargument。模版:[Acknowledge potential doubt: "may seem/appear/sound"] + [transitional "but/however"] + [evidence or reasoning that resolves the doubt]. 或者:[Question]? [Answer with supporting details].

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 传统保护方式的代价高昂

    P1
    it results in many lion deaths that otherwise would have been unnecessary

    委婉表达 otherwise would have been unnecessary could have been avoided perhaps less than ideal not without consequences may not be the best approach leaves something to be desired room for improvement

    表面说这些 lion deaths 本可以避免,实际是在 criticize 传统的 shoot-and-kill approach 既 ineffective 又 wasteful。这为后文介绍 innovative solution 奠定基础,通过 highlight 现有方法的 drawbacks 来 justify 新方法的 necessity,从而 serve 文章主旨中强调 conservation innovation 的价值

  • 新方法看似荒诞实则有效

    P3
    Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation

    让步转折类 may seem crazy at first, but may seem...but appear to be...however might look like...yet seems...but actually at first glance...in reality on the surface...beneath

    作者 anticipate 读者会觉得给 cow butts 画眼睛很 ridiculous,所以先 concede 这一点,再强调它能 make actual headway。这个 implication 是:不要 judge by appearance,unconventional methods 可能比 traditional approaches 更 effective。这 reinforce 文章主旨中 innovative conservation method 的合理性,同时 guide 读者从 skeptical 转向 open-minded

  • 人口扩张带来的保护困境

    P2
    lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the boundaries of these protected areas

    程度副词类 increasingly growing mounting escalating ever more progressively continually

    表面说 lions 和 humans 的 contact 在增加,实际 imply conservation areas 在 shrink,人兽冲突在 intensify,传统 boundaries 正在 collapse。这个 implication 说明问题的 urgency 和 complexity,解释为何需要 innovative solutions like painted eyes。它 contextualize 文章主旨中的 conservation challenge,让读者理解这不是 isolated incident 而是 systemic crisis

  • 方法尚待验证的谨慎表态

    P3
    If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and elsewhere—with a low-cost, sustainable tool

    条件假设类 If the method works should this prove successful if validated assuming the approach succeeds provided it works if proven effective contingent upon success

    表面说 if 成功能 provide low-cost tool,实际 imply 方法仍在 testing phase,尚无 conclusive evidence。这种 cautious framing 既 maintain 新闻的 credibility 通过 not overstate results,又 highlight potential benefits 来 keep reader engaged。它 balance 文章主旨中的 innovation optimism 和 scientific rigor,提醒读者这是 experimental approach with promise but not guaranteed success

  • 实验设计的科学性保障

    P4
    They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal

    对比类 half...and...the other half half...the other half some...while others one group...control group treated...versus untreated experimental...compared to control portion...remainder

    表面说把 cows 分成两组,实际 imply 这是 rigorous scientific experiment with control group,不是 random trial。这个 detail 向读者 assure 即将得出的 conclusions 将有 statistical validity,strengthen 整个 conservation approach 的 credibility。它 support 文章主旨中 testing 和 determine 的科学性,让 innovative method 显得更 reliable and evidence-based

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( cautiously optimistic and supportive)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开头基调定位 P1

    在新闻报道中,作者对 opening statement 的 word choice 往往透露他的 initial stance。这里 craziest 看似 negative,但配合 advances 就形成了一种 surprising yet legitimate 的 framing,表明作者认为这个方法虽然 unusual 但值得 serious attention。

  2. 问题框架呈现 P1 P2

    在新闻报道中,作者如何 frame the problem 直接影响读者对 solution 的接受度。这里作者没有 blame farmers,而是 acknowledge their reasoning,同时 highlight the conservation issue。这种 empathetic yet solution-oriented 的 approach 说明作者不是简单地 taking sides,而是希望找到 win-win solution。

  3. 效果评估措辞 P3

    新闻报道中作者对 solution 的 language choice 反映他的 confidence level。使用 modal verbs like 'could' 和 'may' 表示作者既看到 potential 又保持 scientific caution。这种 measured optimism 比 overly enthusiastic 或 skeptical tone 更可信,也更 supportive of the research direction。

  4. 科学依据阐述 P2 P4

    在科学新闻报道中,作者花多少篇幅和用什么 tone 来 explain the scientific rationale 是判断态度的关键。如果作者 thoroughly explains the logic 并用 neutral, factual language 描述 research methods,说明他认为这个研究 credible and worth understanding,而不是 dismissing it as pseudoscience。

  5. 叙事弧线综合 P1 P2 P3 P4

    新闻报道的作者态度需要从 entire narrative arc 来判断。这篇文章从 'crazy' 开始,但通过 logical progression 让读者理解这个方法的 rationale, potential benefits, and scientific rigor。这种 trajectory from skepticism to understanding 正是作者希望 readers 也经历的 journey,说明他 fundamentally supports this conservation effort。

文中的态度信号词

  • advances P1

    在新闻报道开头,作者用 advances 这个 positive term 来 frame 这个看似 crazy 的方法,immediately signals 他认为这是一种 forward movement in conservation,而不是 gimmick or waste of time。这个词 establishes credibility 并 sets a constructive tone。

    同类词 progress breakthrough innovation development improvement

  • could make actual headway P3

    这个 phrase 表达了 cautious optimism。作者用 'could' 表示 possibility 而非 certainty,但 'actual headway' 这个 expression 说明他认为这不是 marginal or symbolic progress,而是 real, meaningful advancement。这种 qualified but substantive positive language 是 responsible supportive journalism 的标志。

    同类词 could make headway may prove effective shows promise holds potential could contribute

  • low-cost, sustainable tool P3

    作者通过引用但不质疑这些 positive descriptors,等于是 endorsing them。Low-cost 和 sustainable 都是 highly desirable attributes in conservation contexts,作者 foregrounding these benefits 表明他认为这个方法具有 real-world applicability,而不是 just academic curiosity。

    同类词 low-cost affordable accessible practical sustainable

  • Efforts like... may seem crazy at first, but P3

    这是经典的 concession-counter structure。作者 acknowledges potential skepticism ('seem crazy') 但 immediately pivots to defend the merit ('but they could make actual headway')。这个 'but' 是关键 turning point,表明作者的 true position is on the positive side,前面的 concession 只是为了 preempt and defuse criticism。

    同类词 may seem... but appears... however sounds... yet looks... although might look... but actually

  • psychological trickery P4

    Trickery 这个词本身可能带点 negative connotation,但在这里作者用 'psychological trickery' 来描述 the mechanism,tone 是 appreciative 而非 critical。Combined with the detailed explanation of how it works,这个 phrase 表达的是 admiration for the cleverness,类似于说 'clever trick' rather than 'deceptive trick'。Context 决定了这是 positive。

    同类词 trickery clever approach innovative strategy creative solution ingenious method

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇新闻报道

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇新闻报道?

  1. 事件导向的开篇 P1

    新闻报道的 lead paragraph 通常直接呈现 a specific event 或 novel development,比如这里的 painting eyes on cow butts 这个 crazy yet concrete action。而议论文会提出 a debatable claim 或 opinion,说明文则会定义 a concept 或 explain a process。新闻报道的开头具有 immediacy 和 factuality,聚焦于 what happened 而非 what should be

  2. 情境化的背景铺垫 P2

    新闻报道需要让 readers 理解 why this matters,所以会插入 explanatory context。这里 第2段 解释了 the principle behind the experiment 和 the broader issue(conservation areas becoming smaller)。这种 context-building 是 news reporting 的特征,而议论文会用 evidence 来 support an argument,说明文则会系统地 break down a topic。新闻的 context 是为了 illuminate the significance of the event,不是为了 persuade 或 instruct

  3. 外部声音的引入 P3

    新闻报道依赖 third-party sources 来维持 journalistic objectivity。第3段 中的引号内容(虽然未明确标注 source)提供了 external evaluation of the method's potential。这种 incorporation of outside voices 是 news reporting 的核心,而议论文主要是 author's voice dominating,说明文则是 authoritative explanation 不需要 quote external opinions

  4. 进行时态的收尾 P4

    新闻报道通常以 what's happening now 或 what comes next 作为 ending,比如 第4段 描述了 researchers are currently testing 和 they will be able to determine。这种 open-ended closure 反映新闻的 unfolding nature。议论文会以 strong conclusion 重申 thesis,说明文会以 summary 或 practical application 收尾。新闻的结尾强调 continuity 和 future implications,不做 definitive judgment

  5. 事件报道的结构特征 P1 P2 P3 P4

    将四个 key markers 串联起来:news reports 的 DNA 是 timeliness + objectivity + multi-vocality + open-endedness。与之对比,议论文是 argument-driven with a clear thesis 和 persuasive conclusion;说明文是 topic-centered with systematic exposition 和 comprehensive coverage。新闻报道的 unique combination 是它的 reportorial stance(不带 author's opinion)和 documentary function(记录 what's happening 而非 advocate what should happen)

哪些词暴露了新闻报道体裁?

  • I've reported that P1 新闻来源与引用词 Researchers in Australia have been devising Researchers are currently testing
  • scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows P1 核心事实概括词 advances in livestock protection method of trickery painted eyes on cow butts psychological trickery
  • are currently testing P4 即时性时间与地点词 are happening have been devising and testing are increasingly coming into become smaller
  • in Botswana—and elsewhere P3 即时性时间与地点词 in Australia in the area conservation areas
  • could provide...could make P3 核心事实概括词 could provide could make would shoot and kill would have been will be able to determine
  • Through satellite tracking P4 核心事实概括词 based upon the idea based on the principle The experiment is based upon testing a method
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

5 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions 的常见问题

2018年12月英语六级真题第3套 Part III Section A 文章 Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions 的原文出自哪里?
Interestingengineering网站2016年7月17日文章Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions(在牛屁股上画眼睛可使农民,不再射杀狮子)。
2018年12月英语六级真题第3套文章 Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions 的主旨是什么?
科学家正在测试一种创新的保护方法,通过在奶牛臀部绘制眼睛来阻止狮子袭击。这种低成本方法利用了狮子的伏击狩猎行为,有望减少牲畜损失,并防止农民在人类居住区侵占保护区边界的地区报复性猎杀狮子。(英文表述:Scientists are testing an innovative conservation method by painting eyes on cows' rumps to deter lion attacks. This low-cost approach exploits lions' ambush hunting behavior, potentially reducing livestock losses and preventing retaliatory killings of lions by farmers in areas where human populations encroach on conservation boundaries.)
Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions(2018年12月英语六级真题第3套文章)是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为新闻报道,作者立场是积极支持(cautiously optimistic and supportive)。CEFR 难度 B2,全文 282 词、4 段;在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中,B2 级共 233 篇(占 39%)。
2018年12月英语六级真题第3套文章 Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions 的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 4 段按新闻报道骨架分为 4 个意群:第1段——创新方法引入;第2段——方法原理阐释;第3段——方法价值评估;第4段——实验细节与验证。
Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions 一文的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(cautiously optimistic and supportive)。判断路径:开头基调定位 → 问题框架呈现 → 效果评估措辞 → 科学依据阐述 → 叙事弧线综合;文中的态度信号词包括 advances(第1段)、could make actual headway(第3段)、low-cost, sustainable tool(第3段)、Efforts like... may seem crazy at first, but(第3段)、psychological trickery(第4段)。
2018年12月英语六级真题第3套文章 Painting Eyes on Cows’ Butts will Keep Farmers from Shooting [ions 中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 4 个:herd(兽群;牲畜群)、headway(进展;进步)、predator(捕食者;食肉动物)、spotted(发现;看到),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

本页数据最后更新: