懒笔记
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section C (1) Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates?
CET-6 · 来自 2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 · Part III Section C (1) · 阅读理解（四选一）

Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates?

《雇主是否应该利用社交媒体来筛选求职者?》 —— 2021年12月英语六级真题第1套文章逐层精读

www.workbright.com 上一篇标题为“Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates?”(《雇主是否应该利用社交媒体来筛选求职者?》)的文章。

本页是 2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section C (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇议论文全文 448 词、6 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%），作者立场为「客观中立」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

6 段英文原文

以下为2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section C (1) 的阅读理解（四选一）原文，共 6 段。左侧 P1–P6 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates?

Social media is absolutely everywhere. Billions of people use social media on a daily basis to create, share, and exchange ideas, messages, and information. Both individuals and businesses post regularly to engage and interact with people from around the world. It is a powerful communication medium that simultaneously provides immediate, frequent, permanent, and wide-reaching information across the globe.

People post their lives on social media for the world to see. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and countless other social channels provide a quick and simple way to glimpse into a job candidate's personal life—both the positive and negative sides of it. Social media screening is tempting to use as part of the hiring process, but should employers make use of it when researching a potential candidate's background?

Incorporating the use of social media to screen job candidates is not an uncommon practice. A 2018 survey found that almost 70% of employers use social media to screen candidates before hiring them. But there are consequences and potential legal risks involved too. When done inappropriately, social media screening can be considered unethical or even illegal.

Social media screening is essentially scrutinising a job candidate's private life. It can reveal information about protected characteristics like age, race, nationality, disability, gender, religion, etc., and that could bias a hiring decision. Pictures or comments on a private page that are taken out of context could ruin a perfectly good candidate's chances of getting hired. This process could potentially give an unfair advantage to one candidate over another. It creates an unequal playing field and potentially provides hiring managers with information that can impact their hiring decision in a negative way.

It's hard to ignore social media as a screening tool. While there are things that you shouldn't see, there are some things that can be lawfully considered—making it a valuable source of relevant information too. Using social media screening appropriately can help ensure that you don't hire a toxic employee who will cost you money or stain your company's reputation. Consider the lawful side of this process and you may be able to hire the best employee ever. There is a delicate balance.

Screening job candidates on social media must be done professionally and responsibly. Companies should stipulate that they will never ask for passwords, be consistent, document decisions, consider the source used and be aware that other laws may apply. In light of this, it is probably best to look later in the process and ask human resources for help in navigating it. Social media is here to stay. But before using social media to screen job candidates, consulting with management and legal teams beforehand is essential in order to comply with all laws.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

6 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Power of Social Media

    Social media is a widespread and powerful global communication tool.

    本段为全文提供了 discussion 的现实前提：正因 social media 无处不在、信息丰富，它才可能进入招聘环节。它为后文讨论 screening 的价值、风险与规范使用奠定了基础。

    抓首段背景
  2. P2

    A Hiring Dilemma

    Social media gives employers access to candidates' personal information, raising a hiring question.

    本段把 第1段 的宏观背景收束到 job candidates 和 employers 的具体场景，并正式提出全文要回答的问题。后文关于 prevalence、risks、benefits 与 rules 的内容，都是对这一问题的展开回答。

    抓段末设问
  3. P3

    Widespread but Risky

    Although social media screening is widespread, it can create ethical and legal problems.

    本段承接前文提出的招聘疑问，先确认 social media screening 的现实普遍性，再亮出全文的重要立场：该做法需要谨慎对待。它直接呼应文章主旨中的 widespread、ethical concerns 和 legal risks。

    抓转折风险
  4. P4

    Privacy, Bias, and Unfairness

    Social media screening may produce biased and unfair hiring decisions by exposing private information.

    本段是全文反对无节制 screening 的核心论据之一，它把 第3段 中抽象的 ethical and legal risks 具体化为隐私侵犯、歧视偏见和机会不平等。它强化了文章主旨中 fair treatment of candidates 的必要性。

    归纳偏见后果
  5. P5

    The Value of Proper Screening

    Appropriate and lawful social media screening can provide valuable hiring benefits.

    本段对 第4段 的风险论证形成平衡，说明作者不是主张彻底放弃 social media screening，而是主张合理使用。它对应文章主旨中的 valuable insights，并为最后一段的操作规范作出逻辑铺垫。

    锁定限定条件
  6. P6

    Responsible Screening Practices

    Employers should use professional, consistent, and legally compliant procedures for social media screening.

    本段是全文的 conclusion 和 solution，它回应了前文提出的风险与收益之间的 delicate balance。通过 professional、consistent 和 legally compliant 的要求，作者最终落实文章主旨：既提升 hiring effectiveness，也保障 candidates 的公平权益。

    抓结尾对策
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

6 道逐段细节自检题

针对2021年12月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 communication medium

    What is highlighted about social media as a communication medium?

    • A It mainly enables companies to investigate job applicants.
    • B It allows users to exchange only private messages with friends.
    • C It delivers information immediately, repeatedly, permanently, and on a global scale.
    • D It removes the need for regular interaction between individuals and businesses.
    • E It ensures that all information shared online is accurate.
    • F It is used less frequently than traditional communication channels.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项完整对应原文中 immediate、frequent、permanent 与 wide-reaching 四个并列属性，并把 across the globe 合理改写为 on a global scale。它保留了原文的信息方向与范围，没有擅自加入评价。障碍在于 repeatedly 并非原词 frequent，但二者在此语境中构成合理的同义改写。

    四词清单对照 时间极紧时，抓题干中的 communication medium，直接跳到 第1段 中该短语所在句，目测其后的并列形容词。把选项当作 parallel-list matching：覆盖全部关键属性且没有新增判断的正确项，即为答案项。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 tempting personal life

    Why is social media screening described as tempting in recruitment?

    • A It gives employers legal authority to access candidates' passwords.
    • B It guarantees that employers will identify the best employee.
    • C It prevents candidates from posting negative information online.
    • D It offers employers a quick and simple glimpse into a candidate's personal life.
    • E It allows employers to avoid all unfair hiring decisions.
    • F It replaces interviews as the standard hiring procedure.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项准确重述 tempting 的原因：相关平台提供 quick and simple way，使使用者能够 glimpse into a job candidate's personal life。题干用 recruitment 改写 hiring process，选项又用 offers employers 重组原句结构，但核心因果关系没有改变。

    诱因三要素筛选 从题干中的 tempting 逆向扫读，直接锁定 第2段 的末句，再只读其前面的原因句。随后用“便利性三要素”筛选：速度、简易与个人信息可见性；同时具备三者的正确项就是答案项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 social media screening unethical or even illegal

    What caution does the passage raise about the use of social media screening?

    • A Because nearly 70% of employers use it, it is always ethical.
    • B It is illegal for employers to review any public social media content.
    • C It is uncommon for employers to use it before hiring.
    • D It can only be used after a candidate has been hired.
    • E When handled inappropriately, it may be unethical or even illegal.
    • F It eliminates the need to consider other hiring information.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    该项保留了关键条件 when handled inappropriately，也准确呈现 unethical or even illegal 的递进风险。命题障碍在于 survey 数据容易诱导考生把使用普遍误判为行为正当；但 common practice 并不能消除 ethical 或 legal risks。

    转折后条件核验 看到 caution 后，直接在 第3段 寻找 But 之后的负面词链，不必在统计数字上停留。把所有选项先做 condition check；只有保留 inappropriate 这一条件并保持风险方向的正确项，才是答案项。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 protected

    How can social media screening undermine fairness in hiring?

    • A It prevents hiring managers from learning about candidates' backgrounds.
    • B It ensures that private comments are always interpreted in context.
    • C It gives every candidate the same advantage in the application process.
    • D It helps employers disregard candidates' race, age, and gender.
    • E It makes a candidate's chances depend only on professional qualifications.
    • F It may expose protected personal information that biases hiring decisions.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：F

    该项概括了核心因果链：筛查可能 reveal protected characteristics，继而 bias a hiring decision。may 对应 could 与 potentially，保留了不确定性。原文列出年龄、种族、性别等多个例子，正确项将其上位概括为 protected personal information，属于合理的概括改写。

    两步因果箭头 在 第4段 不必逐个记忆 protected characteristics 的例子。沿着 can reveal 到 could bias 两个动词画出“信息暴露到决策偏差”的箭头；与这条因果箭头同构的正确项即为答案项。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 toxic employee

    What potential benefit can appropriate social media screening bring to employers?

    • A It can help employers avoid hiring a toxic employee who may harm the company.
    • B It allows employers to consider any private information without restrictions.
    • C It guarantees that a company will never suffer reputational damage.
    • D It makes legal consultation unnecessary during hiring.
    • E It enables employers to ask candidates for their account passwords.
    • F It removes the delicate balance between privacy and hiring needs.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：A

    该项保留 can help 的可能性，并把 cost you money or stain your company's reputation 合理概括为 may harm the company。它没有声称筛查本身能够保证成功，也没有移除 appropriately 与 lawfully 所形成的使用边界。

    情态强度筛网 先在 第5段 圈出 appropriately，随后只扫描其后的积极结果表达。把选项做 modality check：保留 can 或 may 且指向企业损失规避的正确项，就是答案项；含 guarantee、never、any 的选项优先排除。

  6. 第 6 段 定位词 essential before

    What is essential before a company uses social media to screen job candidates?

    • A Requesting candidates' passwords to verify the authenticity of their accounts is essential.
    • B Consulting management and legal teams to ensure compliance with all laws is essential.
    • C Screening candidates before reviewing their qualifications is essential.
    • D Using only one social media source for every candidate is essential.
    • E Making hiring decisions without documentation is essential.
    • F Avoiding human resources involvement is essential.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：B

    该项完整对应结论句中的行动、咨询对象、目的与必要性：consulting management and legal teams beforehand in order to comply with all laws。原文还列出 several should-do rules，但只有这项与题干中的 essential 形成同等级对应。

    结论级别匹配 抓 essential 与 before 两个原词，直接定位到 第6段 的最后一句，不必平均阅读全部建议。使用“同级词匹配”：唯有与 essential 同级并包含 compliance 目的的正确项是答案项，其余 should 类细则不能替代结论要求。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

5 个意群的议论文骨架

按议论文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引言 P1 P2

    社交媒体的普及现状

    这个 opening paragraph 介绍了 social media 的 ubiquity（无处不在）和它作为 communication medium 的 power，为后文讨论 social media screening 这个 specific issue 铺设了 background context

    通过强调 social media 的 permanence 和 wide-reaching nature，这个 introductory段落建立了为什么 employers 会 tempted to use it for screening 的 logical foundation，为主旨中的 widespread practice 提供了 contextual justification

    提供社交媒体背景
  2. 分论点 P3

    社交媒体筛选的普遍性与风险

    这个 supporting paragraph 用 statistical evidence（统计证据）证明 social media screening 是 common practice，同时通过 adversative conjunction 'but' 引入 potential consequences 和 legal risks，presents both sides 但 emphasis 更多在 negative aspects

    这个段落直接 supports 主旨中的 'widespread' 这个 claim（通过 70% 的 data），同时引出 'legal risks' 这个 concern，为主旨的 'must exercise caution' 提供了 empirical foundation 和 logical justification

    揭示普遍性与潜在问题
  3. 分论点 P4

    社交媒体筛选的伦理和公平问题

    这个 critical paragraph 深入 elaborates on 为什么 social media screening 是 problematic，通过 listing multiple concerns（privacy invasion、bias、unfairness）来 build a strong case against 这个 practice 的 inappropriate use

    这个段落是主旨中 'ethical concerns and legal risks' 的 detailed breakdown，通过 concrete examples（protected characteristics、context issues、unequal playing field）来 substantiate 为什么需要 'exercise caution'。它为主旨的 warning tone 提供了 persuasive reasoning

    详述伦理法律隐患
  4. 分论点 P5

    社交媒体筛选的合理使用价值

    这个 counterargument paragraph 承认 social media screening 也有 legitimate value，通过 'while' 和 'but' 这样的 concessive language 来 present the opposing viewpoint，强调如果 used appropriately 可以 prevent hiring toxic employees，体现了 balanced argumentation

    这个段落对应主旨中的 'can provide valuable insights' 这个 acknowledgment，它 prevents the argument from being one-sided。通过 presenting the benefits，文章显示了 nuanced understanding，为主旨的 'balance effective hiring with fair treatment' 提供了 both sides of the equation

    指出合法价值面
  5. 结论 P6

    专业规范的操作建议与合规要求

    这个 concluding paragraph 提供 concrete guidelines 和 actionable recommendations，强调 professional responsibility 和 legal compliance。通过 listing specific practices 和强调 consulting with management，文章从 problem analysis 转向 solution orientation，给读者 clear takeaway

    这个 conclusion 直接体现了主旨中的 'requires professional responsibility, consistency, and legal compliance' 部分，把前文的 abstract concerns 转化为 practical guidance。它 synthesizes the entire argument 并提供了 how to balance 的 concrete answer，完成了议论文从 'what's the problem' 到 'what should we do' 的 logical progression

    提出合规操作方案
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 识别首段话题域 P1

    议论文的 opening paragraph 通常会 present the topic 并建立 discussion context。第1段 介绍了 social media 的 ubiquity 和 powerful nature，为后续关于 social media screening 的讨论 lay the foundation。这是判断 main topic area 的第一步。

  2. 捕捉核心争议点 P2

    第2段 通过 rhetorical question（'but should employers make use of it'）明确提出了文章要 address 的 core issue：employers 是否应该使用 social media screening。这个 问句 signals 整篇文章的 argumentative focus。

  3. 映射论证结构 P3 P4 P5

    第3段 提到 practice 的 prevalence 但也指出 'consequences and legal risks'；第4段 详细阐述 negative aspects（'unethical or even illegal'）；第5段 以 'It's hard to ignore' 开头，承认 positive value。这种 multi-angle presentation 表明作者在 weigh both sides。

  4. 提炼结论立场 P6

    第6段 用 'must be done professionally and responsibly' 定下 tone，然后列出 specific guidelines，最后强调 'consulting with management and legal teams' 的 necessity。这个 conclusion 既不是简单的 yes 也不是 no，而是 conditional approval with safeguards，perfectly captures the 'caution' 和 'balance' in the main idea。

  5. 整合形成主旨 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    通过前面的步骤，我们 identified：topic 是 social media screening，central question 是其 appropriateness，structure 呈现 prevalence → risks → benefits → guidelines，final stance 是 cautious approval with compliance。这些 elements 共同构成主旨：the practice is widespread and valuable，但 requires caution due to ethical/legal concerns，需要 professional responsibility。

主旨信号词 but P2 consequences and potential legal risks P3 should P2 while P5 must be done professionally and responsibly P6 delicate balance P5

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

虽然对求职者进行社交媒体背景调查已很普遍且能提供有价值的信息,但雇主必须谨慎行事,因为这涉及道德问题和法律风险。这一做法需要专业责任感、一致性和法律合规性,以平衡有效招聘与公平对待候选人。
While social media screening of job candidates is widespread and can provide valuable insights, employers must exercise caution due to ethical concerns and legal risks. The practice requires professional responsibility, consistency, and legal compliance to balance effective hiring with fair treatment of candidates.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • scrutinise 仔细审查、详细检视

    将三条clues串联起来：首先，definition marker 'is essentially'明确告诉我们scrutinising就是在define什么是social media screening；其次，它的object是private life，且能reveal各种protected information，说明这不是casual browsing而是thorough investigation；最后，词根'scrut-'本身就携带'仔细搜索'的语义。这三个angles共同指向同一个conclusion：scrutinise表示非常detailed、thorough地examine某事物。

    定义标记+搭配效果+词根验证
  • toxic 有害的、有毒的（对组织或环境造成负面影响的）

    Integrate所有evidence：cause-effect relationship显示toxic employee会lead to money loss和reputation damage这种severe consequences；argumentative structure把它positioning为必须竭力avoid的对象；metaphorical usage从physical toxicity延伸到social toxicity。这个convergence of evidence非常clear：toxic在这里形容那种对organization有serious harmful impact的，就像poison对body的作用一样。

    后果反推+论证定位+隐喻激活
  • stipulate 规定、明确要求

    Synthesize三个perspectives：syntactic pattern（stipulate + that从句）显示这是express formal requirements的verb；discourse structure（problem-solution模式）显示这是companies主动establish rules的action；parallel structure和后续的'be consistent, document'等formal actions相呼应，confirm了它的official和regulatory nature。综合判断：stipulate是正式地specify或lay down某项rule或condition。

    句法模式+语篇功能+并列语义场
  • navigate 驾驭、妥善处理（复杂情况）

    Connect所有clues：'ask for help'的expression暗示task complexity；metaphorical extension从physical navigation到handling complex situations保留了'找路穿越障碍'的core meaning；整段的theme about professional requirements和legal considerations构成了需要navigate的'obstacles'。Conclusion很明显：navigate在这里是指skilfully handle或work through一个complex和potentially problematic的situation。

    本义激活+目标特征+结构映射
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 举例论证

    P3

    作者在 第3段 中引用了 a 2018 survey 的具体数据——almost 70% of employers 使用 social media screening，这个 concrete statistic 直接支撑了前一句的观点 'not an uncommon practice'。这种 evidence-based approach 让读者意识到这不是 theoretical discussion，而是 widespread reality，从而增强了文章关于 legal risks 和 ethical concerns 的 urgency 和 relevance。数据的 authority 使得后续关于 consequences 的讨论更有 credibility。

    信号词 A survey found that Research shows that Studies indicate that According to Statistics reveal that Data suggests that Evidence shows that For example For instance A case in point is

    仿写： 当你想要 establish 某个现象的 prevalence 或 significance 时,不要仅仅说 'many people' 或 'common',而是寻找 authoritative statistics 或 concrete cases。仿写模板:'According to [来源/研究], [具体数据/比例] of [群体] [行为/现象], which demonstrates that [你的论点].' 比如:'According to a recent study, over 80% of students struggle with time management, which demonstrates that educational institutions need to prioritize organizational skills training.'

  • 对比论证

    P5

    第5段 形成了鲜明的 contrast——前半部分承认 'things that you shouldn't see' 和 potential dangers,后半部分强调 'things that can be lawfully considered' 和 'valuable source of relevant information'。这种 two-sided presentation 体现了作者对这个 controversial issue 的 nuanced understanding。通过 juxtapose negative consequences ('toxic employee', 'cost you money', 'stain reputation') 和 positive outcomes ('best employee ever'),作者 illustrate 了 'delicate balance' 的概念,这正是文章 main thesis 的核心——需要 caution 和 responsibility,而非 outright rejection 或 blind acceptance。

    信号词 While...there are On one hand...on the other hand However In contrast Conversely Nevertheless Despite Although Yet But Whereas

    仿写： 当面对 controversial topics 时,使用 'While...there are also...' 或 'On one hand...on the other hand' 的 structure 来 present both sides。关键是确保 contrast 服务于你的 central argument,而不是 merely listing differences。仿写模板:'While [negative aspect/concern] cannot be ignored, [positive aspect/benefit] also deserves consideration. [进一步阐述为何需要平衡]. There is a delicate balance.' 例如:'While remote work may reduce team cohesion, it also significantly improves employee work-life balance. Companies must find ways to maintain connection while respecting flexibility. There is a delicate balance.'

  • 因果论证

    P4

    第4段 构建了清晰的 causal chain:social media screening → reveals protected information → could bias hiring decisions → creates unequal playing field。作者通过 'It can reveal...and that could bias'、'could ruin'、'could potentially give' 这些 causal language 展示了 screening practice 如何 lead to discriminatory outcomes。这个 cause-effect reasoning 直接支持文章 main thesis 中的 'ethical concerns' 和 need for 'caution'。通过 demonstrate consequences,作者让 abstract ethical principle 变得 concrete and compelling,说服 employers 认识到 inappropriate screening 的 real-world harm。

    信号词 can reveal...and that could leads to results in causes because since as a result consequently therefore thus hence this means that which creates

    仿写： 构建因果论证时,使用 clear causal markers 并 trace the logical chain from cause to effect。不要 jump directly to conclusion,而是 show the steps。仿写模板:'[Action/Practice] can reveal/lead to [intermediate result], and that could [ultimate consequence]. This process potentially [broader impact].' 例如:'Excessive screen time can disrupt sleep patterns, and that could impair cognitive function. This process potentially affects academic performance and long-term brain development.'

  • 比喻修辞

    P4

    第4段 中 'creates an unequal playing field' 是一个 sports metaphor。这个 figurative expression 把 hiring process 比作 athletic competition,where fairness requires 'level playing field' 即 equal conditions for all participants。这个 metaphor 生动地 illustrate 了 social media screening 如何 create unfair advantage,让 abstract concept of inequality 变得 immediately graspable。Sports imagery 有 universal appeal,readers 能够 instantly visualize 一个 tilted field 如何让某些 players 处于 disadvantage。这 strengthen 了作者关于 screening practice potentially being 'unethical' 的 argument,因为 unfairness 在 sports 和 hiring 中都是 unacceptable。

    信号词 playing field bridge maze roadmap foundation barrier gateway window lens tool weapon shield

    仿写： 选择 metaphors that resonate with your audience's experience 且能准确 capture 你想表达的 relationship。避免 mixed metaphors 或 overused clichés。仿写模板:'[你的论点] creates/builds/forms a [比喻对象] where [比喻中的具体关系说明你的论点].' 例如:'Excessive regulations create a maze of bureaucracy where small businesses struggle to find their way forward.' 或 'This policy builds a bridge between educational institutions and industry, where students can smoothly transition from learning to earning.'

  • 排比修辞

    P6

    第6段 使用了 parallel structure:'stipulate that they will never ask for passwords, be consistent, document decisions, consider the source used and be aware that other laws may apply.' 这一系列 verb phrases (ask, be, document, consider, be aware) 形成 rhythmic pattern,列举了 companies 在 screening 时必须遵守的 multiple requirements。这种 parallelism creates sense of completeness and thoroughness,强调这不是 single precaution 而是 comprehensive set of practices。Rhythmic repetition 也 makes recommendations more memorable and authoritative,reinforcing 文章结尾关于 'professional and responsible' approach 和 legal compliance 的 central message。

    信号词 should...and must...and can...and will...and by...by...by to...to...to not only...but also both...and either...or neither...nor

    仿写： 构建 parallelism 时,确保 each element has same grammatical form (all verbs, all noun phrases, etc.) 且 logical connection。可以用 commas 或 semicolons 分隔 items,最后一个用 'and'。仿写模板:'[主语] should [动词1] [宾语1], [动词2] [宾语2], [动词3] [宾语3], and [动词4] [宾语4].' 例如:'Universities should enhance curriculum relevance, improve career counseling services, strengthen industry partnerships, and provide practical internship opportunities.' 这样的 structure 既清晰又有 impact。

  • 对比论证

    P2

    第2段 通过 'both the positive and negative sides' 设置了 dual perspective,为后续 entire discussion 建立 framework。虽然这里没有 elaborate 具体 content,但这个 explicit acknowledgment of two sides 为文章 balanced treatment of the issue 奠定基础。它 signal 给 readers 这不是 one-sided argument,而是 nuanced exploration。这个 early contrast 呼应了后面 第5段 的 detailed two-sided analysis,形成 consistent pattern of acknowledging complexity,这正是文章 call for 'caution' 和 'balance' 的 rhetorical foundation。

    信号词 both...and positive and negative advantages and disadvantages benefits and drawbacks pros and cons on one side...on the other simultaneously dual nature two sides

    仿写： 在文章 early stage establish two-sided nature of your topic 时,使用 'both...and...' structure 来 frame discussion。这 sets expectation for balanced treatment。仿写模板:'[Topic] reveals both [positive aspect] and [negative aspect] of [subject]. This dual nature raises the question: [你要探讨的核心问题].' 例如:'Artificial intelligence reveals both tremendous potential for efficiency and serious concerns about job displacement. This dual nature raises the question: how can society maximize benefits while minimizing harm?'

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

7 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 社交媒体无处不在的表象下隐藏的潜在风险

    P1
    Social media is absolutely everywhere. Billions of people use social media on a daily basis

    绝对化强调类 absolutely everywhere everyone always never all every completely

    作者用 absolutely everywhere 和 billions of people 来 establish 社交媒体的 overwhelming presence,但这种 emphasis 强调实际上是在为后文的 ethical and legal concerns 做 preparation。言外之意是:正因为社交媒体如此 pervasive 无处不在,它在 hiring process 中的 misuse 滥用才更加 dangerous 和需要 regulation 规范。这为全文主旨中的 caution 和 legal risks 提供了 logical foundation 逻辑基础——影响范围越广,potential harm 潜在危害就越大。

  • 社交媒体展示生活的双面性暗示

    P2
    a quick and simple way to glimpse into a job candidate's personal life—both the positive and negative sides of it

    对比类 both the positive and negative sides both...and positive and negative advantages and disadvantages benefits and drawbacks pros and cons on one hand...on the other hand

    作者提到 both positive and negative sides,表面上是 objective description,但紧接着的 rhetorical question 反问句 'should employers make use of it' 已经 reveal 透露出 skeptical tone 质疑语气。言外之意是:虽然社交媒体能展现 positive aspects,但 negative sides 才是 hiring context 中的 real concern 真正问题。这个 implicit warning 隐含警告直接 support 支持全文主旨中的 'exercise caution' 和 'ethical concerns',为后续段落详细讨论 risks 和 consequences 做了 thematic transition 主题过渡。

  • 看似常见的做法实则隐藏法律风险

    P3
    almost 70% of employers use social media to screen candidates before hiring them. But there are consequences and potential legal risks involved too

    转折类 But but however yet nevertheless nonetheless still

    作者先用 70% 的 statistic 来 establish 这是 common practice 常见做法,让读者 acknowledge 承认其 prevalence 普遍性。但紧接着的 but 和 consequences, legal risks 这些 loaded terms 负载词汇 reveal 揭示:普遍不等于正确 common doesn't mean right。言外之意是:大多数人在做的事情可能 fundamentally flawed 根本有问题。这直接 reinforce 强化全文主旨中的 'legal risks' 和 'exercise caution',warning 警告读者不要 follow the crowd blindly 盲目跟风,而要 consider 考虑 deeper implications。

  • 表面合法的筛选实则可能构成歧视

    P4
    Social media screening is essentially scrutinising a job candidate's private life

    定义揭示类 essentially in essence fundamentally basically at its core in reality in fact

    作者用 essentially 将中性的 social media screening 重新 define 定义为 scrutinising private life,这个 linguistic reframing 语言重构 expose 暴露了该做法的 invasive nature 侵入性本质。言外之意是:雇主们可能用 professional-sounding term 专业术语来 justify 正当化,但 stripped down 剥离后就是 privacy invasion 侵犯隐私。这个 revelation 揭示直接 support 支持主旨中的 'ethical concerns',并为后文关于 protected characteristics 和 bias 的讨论提供了 conceptual foundation 概念基础,说明这不只是 technical issue 技术问题,而是 fundamental rights issue 基本权利问题。

  • 防御性认可中隐藏的主要立场

    P5
    It's hard to ignore social media as a screening tool. While there are things that you shouldn't see, there are some things that can be lawfully considered

    让步类 It's hard to ignore it's hard to ignore admittedly it is true that granted certainly to be fair

    作者用 it's hard to ignore 来 concede 让步社交媒体筛选有 legitimate uses 合法用途,这是 acknowledge 承认反方观点以显得 objective。但紧接着 while...shouldn't see 和 there is a delicate balance 这些 qualifying phrases 限定短语 reveal 揭示:即使有合法用途,risks 风险依然 significant 显著,需要 extreme care 极度谨慎。言外之意是:合法不等于 appropriate 恰当,可以做不等于 should do 应该做。这 reinforce 强化主旨中的 'exercise caution' 和 'balance' 需求,表明即使 conceding 让步某些 benefits,作者的 overall stance 整体立场仍是 cautious 和 restrictive,要求 professional responsibility。

  • 被动语态下的强制性要求

    P6
    Screening job candidates on social media must be done professionally and responsibly

    情态词强调类 must be done must essential imperative crucial necessary required

    作者用 must be done 这个 strongest possible phrasing 最强措辞来 conclude 总结,这不是 suggestion 建议而是 mandate 强制要求。言外之意是:前文讨论的所有 risks 和 ethical concerns 如此 serious 严重,以至于 proper procedures 正当程序变成 non-negotiable 不可协商。这 directly echo 直接呼应主旨中的 'requires professional responsibility' 和 'legal compliance',将全文从 descriptive analysis 描述性分析 elevate 提升到 prescriptive conclusion 规定性结论,明确告知读者:如果要做社交媒体筛选,these protocols 这些规程是 absolute requirements 绝对要求,not optional best practices 而非可选的最佳实践。

  • 肯定句式下的否定建议

    P6
    it is probably best to look later in the process and ask human resources for help

    模糊限制语类 it is probably best to probably best it seems advisable it may be wise perhaps might want to consider it would be prudent

    作者用 probably best 而非 must 或 should 来 phrase 表述这个建议,这是 polite way 礼貌方式来 deliver 传达一个实际上很 firm 坚定的 recommendation。言外之意是:考虑到前文列举的所有 legal risks 和 ethical pitfalls 伦理陷阱,delay screening 推迟筛选和 involve HR 让人力资源参与不是 optional 可选项,而是 practical necessity 实际必需。这 support 支持主旨中的 'done professionally and responsibly' 要求,建议雇主不要 rush into 匆忙进行社交媒体筛选,而应该 later in process 在流程后期并 with expert guidance 在专家指导下进行,这是对 caution 和 legal compliance 的 operational translation 操作性转化。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：客观中立

结论先行：本文作者态度为客观中立（ Cautiously Balanced）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首尾定位法 P1 P6

    议论文常见结构是提出问题、正反论证、给出结论，所以首尾段往往浓缩了作者最想传达的attitude，中间段落更多是evidence铺陈。

  2. 转折词定位法 P2 P3 P5

    议论文里作者常常先陈述一个大家认可的fact，再用but引出自己真正想强调的risk或者concern，所以转折词后面的内容更贴近作者的真实态度。

  3. 褒贬词密度对比法 P4 P5

    如果作者花了几乎相等的篇幅去呈现pros和cons，并且没有哪一段的语气特别extreme，那说明作者的态度偏向neutral而不是一边倒的support或criticize。

  4. 结论句式分析法 P6

    议论文的结尾往往是作者态度的最终落点，如果结尾用的是附带条件的祈使句而不是简单的肯定或否定，说明作者态度是审慎的、需要权衡的。

  5. 四维交叉验证法 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    因为正反论据篇幅相当，且结尾没有给出one-sided的judgement，而是强调procedural safeguard，所以可以判断这是一篇态度平衡、不走极端的议论文。

文中的态度信号词

  • but P2

    这个but把第2段从单纯描述social media的便利性，转向对是否应该use it screening candidates的questioning，暗示作者态度不会是全盘肯定。

    同类词 yet however still

  • consequences and potential legal risks P3

    这几个词直接给social media screening贴上negative标签，说明作者在承认practice普遍存在的同时，也在提醒读者它背后隐藏的legal和ethical隐患。

    同类词 risk unethical illegal consequences

  • unfair advantage / unequal playing field P4

    这组词把第4段的论证方向牢牢锁定在批判social media screening带来的discrimination风险上，是全文态度最negative的一段。

    同类词 unfair bias unequal ruin

  • valuable source / hard to ignore P5

    这些positive词汇让第5段的论证转向了support一侧，说明作者也承认social media screening在筛选toxic employee方面有实际的benefit。

    同类词 valuable help ensure best employee hard to ignore

  • delicate balance P5

    这个短语几乎是全文态度的title句，直接点明作者认为pros和cons需要被weigh，而不是简单地选择一边。

    同类词 on the other hand at the same time both sides

  • must be done professionally and responsibly / essential P6

    这些modal和procedural词汇把作者的最终态度落在conditional recommendation上，强调只有满足一定的legal和ethical前提，social media screening才可以被接受。

    同类词 must essential should consulting...beforehand

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇议论文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇议论文？

  1. 寻找争议性问题 P1 P2

    第1段 先介绍 social media 的普遍性作为 background，第2段 立即抛出核心 question：'should employers make use of it when researching a potential candidate's background?'这个 should 类型的 question 是典型的 arguable issue。说明文会直接 explain facts，新闻报道会 report events，而议论文会 raise debatable questions。

  2. 对比正反观点 P3 P4 P5

    第3段 和 第4段 明显 present the negative side（'consequences'、'legal risks'、'unethical'、'illegal'），第5段 则 present the positive side（'valuable source'、'help ensure'、'hire the best employee'）。这种 on one hand...on the other hand 的 structure 是议论文的 hallmark。说明文只会 explain objectively，新闻报道只会 report what happened。

  3. 寻找建议主张 P6

    第6段 明显给出 recommendations：'must be done professionally'、'should stipulate'、'best to look later'、'consulting...is essential'。这些 prescriptive statements 表明作者在 advocating for a particular approach。说明文会 summarize information，新闻会 conclude with latest updates，而议论文会 propose solutions 或 make recommendations。

  4. 验证三段式结构 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

    本文完整体现了 argumentative essay 的 canonical structure：第1段-2 establish issue（social media screening 的 should question），第3段-5 present arguments（negative consequences vs. potential benefits），第6段 conclude with position（balanced, cautious approach with recommendations）。这个 structure 是议论文的 defining characteristic。

哪些词暴露了议论文体裁？

  • should P2 观点引导词 ought to must need to it is necessary that it is essential that
  • But P3 论证逻辑连接词 but however yet nevertheless nonetheless
  • can be considered P3 立场表态词 may be viewed as could be seen as is regarded as appears to be seems to be
  • could P4 观点引导词 might may would can is likely to
  • While P5 论证逻辑连接词 while although though even though despite
  • must be done P6 观点引导词 should be needs to be requires demands calls for
  • It's hard to ignore P5 立场表态词 it's hard to ignore one cannot deny it is undeniable that there is no doubt that clearly
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

3 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 《雇主是否应该利用社交媒体来筛选求职者?》 的常见问题

2021年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section C (1) 文章 Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates? 的原文出自哪里？
www.workbright.com 上一篇标题为“Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates?”(《雇主是否应该利用社交媒体来筛选求职者?》)的文章。
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套文章《雇主是否应该利用社交媒体来筛选求职者?》的主旨是什么？
虽然对求职者进行社交媒体背景调查已很普遍且能提供有价值的信息,但雇主必须谨慎行事,因为这涉及道德问题和法律风险。这一做法需要专业责任感、一致性和法律合规性,以平衡有效招聘与公平对待候选人。（英文表述：While social media screening of job candidates is widespread and can provide valuable insights, employers must exercise caution due to ethical concerns and legal risks. The practice requires professional responsibility, consistency, and legal compliance to balance effective hiring with fair treatment of candidates.）
Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates?（2021年12月英语六级真题第1套文章）是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为议论文，作者立场是客观中立（Cautiously Balanced）。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 448 词、6 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 233 篇（占 39%）。
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套文章《雇主是否应该利用社交媒体来筛选求职者?》的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 6 段按议论文骨架分为 5 个意群：引言 · 第1段、第2段——社交媒体的普及现状；分论点 · 第3段——社交媒体筛选的普遍性与风险；分论点 · 第4段——社交媒体筛选的伦理和公平问题；分论点 · 第5段——社交媒体筛选的合理使用价值；结论 · 第6段——专业规范的操作建议与合规要求。
Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates? 一文的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是客观中立（Cautiously Balanced）。判断路径：首尾定位法 → 转折词定位法 → 褒贬词密度对比法 → 结论句式分析法 → 四维交叉验证法；文中的态度信号词包括 but（第2段）、consequences and potential legal risks（第3段）、unfair advantage / unequal playing field（第4段）、valuable source / hard to ignore（第5段）、delicate balance（第5段）、must be done professionally and responsibly / essential（第6段）。
2021年12月英语六级真题第1套文章 Should Employers Use Social Media to Screen Job Candidates? 中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：scrutinise（仔细审查、详细检视）、toxic（有害的、有毒的（对组织或环境造成负面影响的））、stipulate（规定、明确要求）、navigate（驾驭、妥善处理（复杂情况）），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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