懒笔记
2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2)
CET-6 · 来自 2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 · Part II Section C (2) · 听力

2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 394 词、5 段，CEFR 难度 C1（C1 级在英语六级文章中占 58%），作者立场为「积极支持」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

5 段英文原文

以下为2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 的听力原文，共 5 段。左侧 P1–P5 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

The genetic code of all 1.5 million known species of animals and plants living on earth will be mapped to help save species from extinction and boost human health. Scientists hope that cracking the genetic code of plants and animals could help uncover new treatments for infectious diseases, slow aging, improve crops in agriculture, and create new bio-materials.

In Britain, organizations including the Natural History Museum, the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and the Wellcome Sanger Institute have joined forces to sequence Britain's 66,000 species of animals and plants. Dubbed the Darwin Tree of Life Project, it is expected to take 10 years and cost £100 million. Once completed, all the information will be publicly available to researchers.

Many scientists believe that earth has now entered the sixth mass extinction, with humans creating a toxic mix of habitat loss, pollution and climate change, which has already led to the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds since 1500. It is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago. Scientists say that sequencing every species will revolutionise the understanding of biology and evolution, bolster efforts to conserve as well as protect and restore biodiversity.

Dr. Tim Littlewood, head of Life Sciences Department at the Natural History Museum, said, "Whether you are interested in food or disease, the history of how every organism on the planet has adapted to its environment is recorded in its genetic makeup. How you then harness that is dependent on your ability to understand it. We will be using modern methods to get a really good window on the present and the past. And of course, a window on the past gives you a prospective model on the future."

Sir Jim Smith, Director of Science at Wellcome, said, "Try as I might, I can't think of a more exciting, more relevant, more timely or more internationally inspirational project. Since 1970, humanity has wiped out 60 percent of animal populations. About 23,000 of 80,000 species surveyed are approaching extinction. We are in the midst of the sixth great extinction event of life on our planet, which not only threatens wildlife species, but also imperils the global food supply. As scientists, we all realise we desperately need to catalogue life on our fragile planet now. I think we're making history."

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

5 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Global Genetic Mapping Initiative: Dual Goals of Conservation and Innovation

    Scientists are launching a comprehensive genetic mapping initiative covering all known species to address both conservation needs and advance human health through multiple practical applications.

    这个 opening paragraph 为整篇文章的 narrative arc 设置了 framework。它不仅 introduce 了 genetic sequencing initiative，更重要的是 establish 了文章要 address 的 central tension：humanity 面临 extinction crisis 的同时，也在寻求 solutions through scientific innovation。段落通过 juxtapose conservation needs 和 health benefits，暗示了文章后续会 explore 的 themes：urgency of action（对应第3、5段的 extinction discussion）和 scientific collaboration（对应第2、4段的 specific projects and expert opinions）。这个 setup 让 article's main thesis 显得既 urgent 又 hopeful，既承认 crisis 又提供 pathway forward。

    抓住首段的行动宣告与多重目标
  2. P2

    Britain's Darwin Tree of Life: A Model of Collaborative Open Science

    Britain's Darwin Tree of Life Project exemplifies the genetic mapping initiative through a decade-long, multi-institutional collaboration that will make all sequencing data publicly accessible to advance global research.

    这个段落在文章 architecture 中起到 bridging role。它 connect 第一段的 global vision 和后面段落的 urgency discussion。通过 present 一个 real, funded, ongoing project，段落回答了读者可能的 skepticism：'Is this just theoretical talk or actual action?' 同时，Darwin Tree of Life Project 的 naming 也很 strategic，Darwin 这个 name 立即 evoke evolution and biodiversity，为第三段讨论 extinction 和 evolution 做 thematic preparation。段落的 tone 是 matter-of-fact 和 optimistic，contrast with 第三、五段的 alarming statistics，这种 tonal shift 增强了文章的 dramatic arc。

    从案例特征映射回总体原则
  3. P3

    Crisis Context: The Sixth Mass Extinction Demands Urgent Action

    The ongoing sixth mass extinction, driven by human activities and causing unprecedented biodiversity loss, underscores the urgent need for comprehensive genetic sequencing to revolutionize conservation efforts.

    这个段落是文章的 emotional and logical pivot。前两段建立了 'what' and 'how'，这段回答 'why now'。通过 invoke sixth extinction 这个 existential threat，段落 transform genetic sequencing from 'interesting scientific project' to 'urgent necessity for planetary survival'。The contrast is deliberate：第二段的 calm, factual tone about British project 突然被 'toxic mix' 和 'wiped out' 这些 alarming language 打断。这种 tonal shift 是 rhetorical strategy，designed to shake reader's complacency。段落也为第四、五段的 expert testimonies 铺路：科学家的 passion and urgency 在这个 crisis context 下才显得 understandable and justified。在文章 overall argument 中，这段是 turning point，从 'this is what we're doing' 转向 'this is why we must succeed'。

    在解决方案后插入问题凸显紧迫性
  4. P4

    Expert Insight: Genetic Code as Evolutionary Archive and Future Blueprint

    Genetic sequencing provides access to evolutionary history encoded in organisms' DNA, and understanding this historical record is essential for harnessing its potential to predict and shape future biological solutions.

    这个段落在文章中 serve dual functions。First，它 provide scientific credibility through expert voice。Dr. Littlewood 来自 Natural History Museum（第二段提到的 partner institution），这 establish 了他的 authority。Second，它 deepen 读者对 genetic sequencing significance 的理解。前面段落说 'what' and 'why'，这段解释 'what it really means'。通过 introduce 'evolutionary archive' concept，段落 elevate sequencing from practical necessity to intellectual endeavor with profound implications。这也 set up 第五段的 emotional appeal：当读者 grasp 我们正在 lose 的不只是 species 而是 evolutionary wisdom，Sir Jim Smith 的 alarm 就更 resonant。段落的 tone 是 reflective and philosophical，contrast with 第三段的 alarming 和第五段的 impassioned，这种 tonal variety 让文章更 engaging。

    提取专家引言的概念贡献而非字面内容
  5. P5

    Expert Consensus: A Historic Mission Against Extinction Crisis

    Leading scientists emphasize the project's historic importance as humanity faces catastrophic biodiversity loss that threatens both wildlife and global food security, demanding immediate action to document life on Earth.

    这是文章的 emotional and logical conclusion。它不 introduce new concepts，而是 synthesize and intensify previous themes。通过 second expert voice，文章 create sense of scientific consensus。Sir Jim Smith 的 passionate tone contrast with earlier measured discussion，signaling 这是 moment of truth。段落 escalate both data（更 recent statistics）和 rhetoric（'making history'）。The shift from 'wildlife' to 'food supply' 是 strategic broadening，确保 every reader 感到 personal stake。最后的 'catalogue life on our fragile planet now' 带着 urgency 和 poignancy 结束文章，leaving reader with clear understanding：this is not optional scientific project，this is existential necessity。在文章 overall structure 中，这段是 bookend to 第一段：opening 说 'here's what we will do'，closing 说 'here's why we must do it now'。Together，they frame the middle paragraphs（specific implementation, crisis context, scientific rationale）into coherent, compelling argument for immediate action on genetic sequencing initiative。

    综合统计数据与情感诉求的高潮构建
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

5 道逐段细节自检题

针对2024年6月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 genetic code

    What is the primary goal of mapping the genetic code of all known species on earth?

    • A To replace traditional medicine with bio-materials.
    • B To calculate the exact number of species on earth.
    • C To prevent species from dying out and enhance human wellbeing.
    • D To focus exclusively on infectious diseases.
    • E To slow down the process of human evolution.
    • F To create new species through genetic modification.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该选项是原文 save species from extinction 与 boost human health 的 synonym substitution。它将 save 改写为 prevent from dying out，并用 enhance human wellbeing 概括 boost human health，保留了原文的双重目标与 logical relation。

    双核信息匹配 直接扫描 第1段 的首句，识别由 and 连接的双重目标，再对选项进行 dual-element matching。正确项必须同时保留两个并列方向；只覆盖 single point、增加新行动或改变目标对象的选项可以快速排除。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 Darwin Tree of Life Project Britain

    What characterizes the Darwin Tree of Life Project in Britain?

    • A It is funded exclusively by the Natural History Museum.
    • B It aims to sequence all 1.5 million species worldwide.
    • C It is expected to be completed within the next five years.
    • D It involves a collaborative effort and will share its findings openly.
    • E It will restrict data access to private researchers only.
    • F It focuses mainly on the genetic code of dinosaurs.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    文中的 joined forces 表明该项目由多个组织协作开展，而 all the information will be publicly available to researchers 表明项目完成后会向研究人员公开信息。正确项将这两个分散事实整合为 collaborative effort 与 share its findings openly，基本保留了原文含义。

    专名定位双项核验 先用 project name 直接定位 第2段，再优先检查该段的收束句，因为 project introduction 常在结尾说明 output 或 access policy。随后对正确项的两个分句分别核验；只有两个属性都得到支持，整个选项才成立。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 sequencing every species

    According to the passage, what is the significance of sequencing every species?

    • A It will bring extinct dinosaurs back to life.
    • B It will stop habitat loss immediately.
    • C It will prove that humans are not responsible for pollution.
    • D It aims to count the number of birds lost since 1500.
    • E It will transform biological understanding and support conservation.
    • F It will prioritize mammals over other types of species.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    正确项采用 semantic equivalence，将 revolutionise the understanding of biology and evolution 概括为 transform biological understanding，并将 bolster efforts to conserve 简化为 support conservation，保留了原文的两项核心作用。

    末句作用双线提取 用 action phrase 直接定位到 第3段 的最后一句，然后只提取其中表示作用的 parallel verbs，不必重新阅读全部背景数据。再检查正确项是否同时概括知识层面的影响与实践层面的支持，并排除把背景数字或直接治理结果当成作用的选项。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 Dr. Tim Littlewood genetic makeup

    What does Dr. Tim Littlewood suggest about an organism's genetic makeup?

    • A It is only useful for those interested in food science.
    • B It can be easily understood without modern methods.
    • C It focuses exclusively on the future of organisms.
    • D It is a physical window found in the Natural History Museum.
    • E It dictates that organisms cannot adapt to their environment.
    • F It serves as a chronological record of an organism's adaptation.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：F

    原文说明生物适应环境的 history 被记录在 genetic makeup 中。正确项用 chronological record 概括 history is recorded，并用 an organism's adaptation 重述 how an organism has adapted to its environment，语义方向一致。

    人物定位功能转写 先用 person name 定位 第4段，再搜索 core object 附近表示记录功能的 predicate。把该 predicate 转换成 formal noun phrase，并检查正确项是否保留 information over time 与 adaptation 两个语义成分；这样无需逐字翻译整段引语。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 Sir Jim Smith

    According to Sir Jim Smith, why is cataloguing life on earth urgent?

    • A Because the current mass extinction poses a risk to global food security.
    • B Because humanity has successfully saved 60 percent of animals.
    • C Because it is the first time such an extinction event has occurred.
    • D Because scientists want to make history for their own fame.
    • E Because only 23,000 species are left on our planet.
    • F Because wildlife species are no longer under threat.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：A

    原文说明 extinction event imperils the global food supply。正确项用 poses a risk to 改写 imperils，并用 global food security 概括 global food supply，准确保留了灭绝危机威胁人类基本需求的因果关系。

    威胁对象直取 先用 person name 定位 第5段，再跳过评价性形容词和密集数字，直接寻找 threat verbs 及其 objects。紧迫性通常由危机影响的对象决定；因此应检查正确项是否准确保留 threat-to-object 的因果结构，而不是只复现某个数字。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

5 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    研究目标与价值

    这个意群引出了整个 initiative 的核心 objective，即 map the genetic code of all 1.5 million known species，并阐明其 potential benefits，包括 uncover new treatments、slow aging、improve crops 以及 create bio-materials，这是典型的说明文 opening，先抛出 what 和 why。

    作为说明文的 introduction part，这个意群直接 present 了主旨中的核心 action（sequence genetic code）和 purpose（advance human health, preserve biodiversity），为后文的 specific examples 和 expert opinions 奠定 foundation。

    阐明基因测序的目标和收益
  2. P2

    英国具体实践

    这个意群 narrows down to a specific case，介绍了 Britain's Darwin Tree of Life Project，包括 participating organizations（Natural History Museum, Royal Botanic Gardens, Wellcome Sanger Institute）、scope（66,000 species）、timeline（10 years）和 budget（£100 million），体现了说明文从 general statement 到 concrete example 的典型 progression。

    作为说明文的 supporting detail section，这个意群通过 a concrete national project 来 demonstrate 主旨中 global initiative 的 feasibility 和 scale，用 specific data（66,000 species, £100 million）让 abstract concept 变得 tangible，增强 credibility。

    提供英国实施案例
  3. P3

    紧迫性背景

    这个意群 establishes the urgency，介绍 sixth mass extinction 的 context，用 concrete data（77 mammal species, 140 bird types since 1500）和 historical comparison（biggest loss since dinosaurs 66 million years ago）来 illustrate the crisis，然后 connect this crisis to the importance of sequencing work，这是说明文中 problem-solution pattern 的 problem part。

    作为说明文的 background/problem statement section，这个意群为主旨中的 'combat extinction' 和 'preserve biodiversity' 提供 contextual justification，通过 present the severity of the crisis 来 explain why this initiative is critical，强化 the rationale behind the entire project。

    阐述物种灭绝危机
  4. P4

    专家观点一

    这个意群通过 Dr. Tim Littlewood 的 expert testimony 来 reinforce the project's significance，他从 scientific perspective 阐释 genetic makeup records evolutionary adaptation history，强调 understanding it 的价值在于 get a window on past and future，这是说明文中常用的 expert opinion as evidence 的 pattern。

    作为说明文的 expert validation section，这个意群为主旨中 'understanding evolutionary adaptations' 提供 authoritative explanation，通过 expert's perspective 来 deepen readers' understanding of why genetic sequencing matters，增强整个 initiative 的 scientific credibility。

    引入专家科学论述
  5. P5

    专家观点二

    这个意群通过 Sir Jim Smith 的 expert endorsement 来 emphasize the project's urgency and significance，他用 emotional language（can't think of more exciting, relevant, timely）和 alarming statistics（60% animal populations wiped out, 23,000 species approaching extinction）来 underscore the crisis 和 this initiative's historical importance（making history），这是说明文结尾常见的 emotional appeal combined with factual evidence。

    作为说明文的 concluding validation section，这个意群通过 another authoritative voice 和 more dramatic data 来 reinforce 主旨中 'combat extinction' 的 urgency，用 'making history' 这样的 emphatic statement 为整篇文章 provide a powerful closing，将 scientific initiative 提升到 historical significance 的高度。

    强调项目紧迫性和意义
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段识别核心行动 P1

    说明文的 opening paragraph 通常会 present the main subject，这篇文章在首句就明确提出了 genetic code mapping initiative，并用 'all 1.5 million known species' 这样的 comprehensive scope 来显示项目的 scale，后半部分用 'help save species' 和 'boost human health' 点明了 dual purposes

  2. 具体案例印证主题 P2

    第二段通过 Britain's Darwin Tree of Life Project 这个 concrete example 来证实首段提到的 genetic sequencing initiative 是 real and ongoing，具体的 numbers（66,000 species, 10 years, £100 million）和 participant organizations 增强了 credibility

  3. 危机背景揭示动因 P3

    第三段用 'sixth mass extinction'、'toxic mix'、'biggest loss' 等 alarming language 来 establish urgency，解释了为什么需要 genetic sequencing。这段通过 historical comparison（since 1500, 66 million years ago）来 emphasize severity

  4. 专家引语明确目标 P4 P5

    第四、五段的 expert statements 用 'window on the future'、'preserve biodiversity'、'catalogue life' 等表达来说明 project's goals 和 expected impact，与主旨中的 'advance human health' 和 'preserve biodiversity' 直接呼应

  5. 三要素整合主旨 P1 P3 P4 P5

    这篇说明文的主旨结构是典型的 'scientific initiative addressing crisis'：genetic sequencing (action) + sixth extinction (problem) + health advancement & biodiversity preservation (goals)。每个段落都在 reinforce 这三个 interconnected components

主旨信号词 sixth mass extinction P3 conserve P3 sequence P2 all P1 revolutionise P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

科学家们正在启动一项全球性计划,对所有已知物种的基因密码进行测序,以应对第六次物种大灭绝、促进人类健康,并通过了解生物的进化适应来保护生物多样性。
Scientists are launching a global initiative to sequence the genetic code of all known species to combat the sixth mass extinction, advance human health, and preserve biodiversity through understanding organisms' evolutionary adaptations.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • dub 命名,称为

    让我们把这两条线索串联起来。首先,从 syntactic structure 看,dubbed 作为 past participle 修饰整个 project,后面直接跟 proper noun,这个结构告诉我们它在执行某种命名功能。其次,从 pragmatic pattern 看,'Dubbed + Name' 这个固定搭配在学术和科研语境中专门用于介绍正式名称。两条线索共同指向同一个结论: dubbed 就是 '被命名为、被称为' 的意思,用于给 project 赋予官方 title。

    句法搭配与语域的三维交叉验证
  • bolster 支持,加强,巩固

    现在让我们整合三条线索。第一,parallel structure 告诉我们 bolster 和 revolutionise 处于同等重要的地位,都是 positive outcomes。第二,object analysis 显示 bolster 作用于 conservation efforts,在 extinction crisis 的背景下,这个动作必然是支持性的。第三,semantic prosody 表明 bolster 在 'revolutionise → bolster → protect' 这个递进链中起到关键的增强作用。三条线索交汇,得出结论: bolster 就是 '支持、加强、巩固' 的意思,specifically 用于描述对某项 effort 或 action 的增强和支持。

    结构对等与宾语搭配的双重锁定
  • harness 利用,开发,驾驭

    综合两条线索,我们可以勾勒出完整的推理链。从 micro level 看,第4段 内部的 logical progression 是: information exists → understand it → harness it,这个序列表明 harness 是理解之后的应用阶段。从 macro level 看,第1段 设定了整个 project 的 practical goals,第4段 的 harness 正是回应如何实现这些 goals。两个层面的线索都指向同一个结论: harness 表示 '利用、开发、驾驭',specifically 指将 genetic information 这样的 resource 转化为实际的医学、农业等方面的应用。

    逻辑流程与主题目标的双层印证
  • imperil 危及,使陷入危险

    让我们整合这三条线索形成完整推理。首先,parallel structure 确认了 imperils 和 threatens 的语义相近性,都表达负面影响。其次,morphological analysis 'im- + peril' 精确定位了词义: 使陷入危险。第三,pragmatic analysis 通过对比 objects (wildlife vs. food supply) 和 sentence pattern (not only... but also) 确认了 imperils 的严重程度。三条线索汇聚,得出结论: imperil 就是 '危及、使陷入险境',含义与 threaten 相似但可能语气更强,specifically 用于描述对重要事物的严重威胁。

    词根拆解与句法对比的立体确认
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 列数字

    P1 P2 P3 P5

    文章中大量使用 precise numerical data 来 establish credibility 和 convey urgency。比如 "1.5 million known species"、"66,000 species"、"10 years and cost £100 million"、"77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds since 1500"、"66 million years ago"、"60 percent of animal populations"、"23,000 of 80,000 species"。这些 specific figures 让 the scale of biodiversity 和 extinction crisis 变得 tangible and alarming，强化了 the urgency of genetic sequencing project 的必要性，支撑了文章主旨中关于 combat extinction 和 preserve biodiversity 的核心观点。

    信号词 million thousand percent years cost number of approximately over about £ $ 具体数字+单位

    仿写： 在写作说明文时，问自己：What can be quantified here? 当你想说 "many" 或 "a lot" 时，试着找到 exact numbers。注意数字要 relevant and impactful，不要 randomly insert。仿写模版：According to [source], [具体数字] [单位] of [对象] have/has [动作/状态] since/over [时间段], which demonstrates/reveals/indicates [结论]。例如：According to recent surveys, over 23,000 of 80,000 surveyed species are approaching extinction, which demonstrates the severity of biodiversity loss。

  • 举例子

    P3 P4

    文章通过 concrete examples 来 illustrate abstract concepts。第3段 举例 "the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds since 1500" 和 "dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago" 来说明 mass extinction 的概念。第4段 中 Dr. Littlewood 用 "food or disease" 作为 examples 来说明 genetic information 的 practical applications。这些 specific instances 让 the theoretical significance of genetic sequencing 变得 concrete and relatable，帮助读者理解 why this project matters，直接支持文章主旨中的 advance human health 和 preserve biodiversity。

    信号词 for example for instance such as including like take...as an example to illustrate a case in point specifically namely

    仿写： 写作时问自己：Can I make this more concrete? 当你 present an abstract claim，立即想：What's a real-world instance? 选择 examples 时，要么 striking and memorable，要么 familiar and relatable。仿写模版：[抽象概念] is evident in [具体例子]. For instance/example, [详细描述例子], which demonstrates/shows/illustrates [回扣概念]。例如：The impact of climate change is evident in polar ecosystems. For instance, Arctic sea ice has declined by 13% per decade since 1979, which demonstrates the accelerating pace of environmental transformation。

  • 引资料

    P4 P5

    文章引用了 two authoritative figures 的 direct quotations：Dr. Tim Littlewood (第4段) 和 Sir Jim Smith (第5段)。这些 expert testimonies 提供了 professional perspectives on the project's significance。Dr. Littlewood 的话 explains the scientific rationale——genetic makeup records 生物的 evolutionary history；Sir Jim Smith 的话 emphasizes the urgency——"we are in the midst of the sixth great extinction"。这些 authoritative voices 不仅 enhance credibility，还从不同角度（scientific value 和 conservation urgency）support 文章主旨，让 the argument more multi-dimensional and convincing。

    信号词 said stated noted explained according to argued claimed emphasized pointed out observed remarked commented as...put it in the words of

    仿写： 选择 quotations 时，问自己：Does this source have credibility? Does the quote add something my own words can't? 引用时要 strategic——不要 quote entire paragraphs，而是 extract the most impactful statements。仿写模版：According to [职位/头衔] [姓名] from [机构], "[直接引语]". This suggests/indicates/emphasizes [解读]。或者：As [专家] noted/stated/explained, "[引语]," highlighting [要点]。例如：According to Professor Sarah Chen from MIT's Climate Lab, "The window for meaningful action is closing rapidly," highlighting the urgent need for policy intervention。

  • 下定义

    P2 P3

    第2段 中明确定义了这个项目："Dubbed the Darwin Tree of Life Project"。这个 naming and labeling 是 definitional rhetoric，给这个 complex genetic sequencing initiative 一个 clear identity。这个 definition 不仅提供 nomenclature，还通过 "Darwin" 这个名字 evokes evolutionary biology 的 intellectual heritage，暗示项目的 scientific significance。同时，第3段 implicitly defines "the sixth mass extinction" by describing it as "a toxic mix of habitat loss, pollution and climate change"。这些 definitions 帮助读者 conceptualize the project and its context，支持文章主旨中对 combat extinction 的理解。

    信号词 is defined as refers to means is called known as termed dubbed is represents constitutes can be described as in other words that is to say namely

    仿写： 当引入 specialized terms 或 key concepts 时，问自己：Would my reader know exactly what this means? 定义时要 concise but complete，可以用 "is defined as", "refers to", "means" 等。仿写模版：[术语] is defined as/refers to [核心特征], which [功能/意义]。或者：By [术语], we mean [解释], characterized by [特征]。例如：Biodiversity hotspots refer to regions with exceptional concentrations of endemic species that are experiencing exceptional loss of habitat, characterized by at least 1,500 vascular plant species and 70% habitat loss。

  • 作比较

    P3

    第3段 中进行了 temporal comparison："It is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago"。这个 comparison 把 current extinction crisis 与历史上最著名的 mass extinction event 相提并论，instantly conveys the magnitude and severity。通过 linking present to past，作者让 abstract statistics 变得 historically significant and emotionally resonant。这个对比强化了文章主旨中 combat extinction 的 urgency，让读者意识到 we're facing a crisis of geological-scale proportions。

    信号词 than compared to in contrast to while whereas similarly likewise unlike as...as more...than less...than the biggest/largest/most...since rival exceed

    仿写： 寻找 comparison opportunities 时问：What familiar thing can make this unfamiliar thing clearer? 或 What surprising parallel reveals hidden significance? 使用 comparative structures 要 purposeful。仿写模版：[A] is [comparative form] than [B], comparable to/rivaling [参照物]。或者：Just as [熟悉事物] [特征], [待说明事物] [相似特征], making it [结论]。例如：The rate of current species loss is 1,000 times higher than natural background rates, comparable to the catastrophic Permian extinction that eliminated 90% of marine species。

  • 打比方

    P4

    第4段 中 Dr. Littlewood 使用了 metaphor："a really good window on the present and the past... a window on the past gives you a prospective model on the future"。这个 "window" metaphor 把 genetic data 比作一扇窗，通过这个 visual and spatial image，抽象的 "understanding genetic information" 变成了 concrete act of "looking through a window"。这个比方让 the concept of using past data to predict future 变得 intuitive and accessible，支持文章主旨中关于 understand organisms' evolutionary adaptations 来 preserve biodiversity 的观点。

    信号词 like as is a serves as acts as resembles similar to can be seen as 比作 metaphorically figuratively think of...as

    仿写： 创造比方时问：What everyday experience resembles this abstract process? 好的比方要 intuitive——读者能 immediately grasp the parallel。避免 mixed metaphors 或 strained comparisons。仿写模版：[抽象概念] serves as/acts as/is like [具体意象], allowing/enabling [功能]。或者：Think of [概念] as [比喻对象]—just as [比喻对象特征], [概念] [对应特征]。例如：Genetic diversity serves as an insurance policy for species survival—just as financial diversification protects against market crashes, genetic variation buffers populations against environmental changes。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

6 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 物种灭绝危机的紧迫性暗示

    P1
    cracking the genetic code of plants and animals could help uncover new treatments for infectious diseases, slow aging, improve crops in agriculture, and create new bio-materials

    情态词 could help could might may would can should

    作者在第一段用 could help 这个 tentative expression 列举基因测序的各种 potential applications,表面上是在 present 科学研究的可能性 possibilities,但 implicitly 传递的信息 message 是:当前人类在 infectious diseases、aging、agriculture 等领域面临的 challenges 非常严峻 severe,以至于任何 potential breakthrough 都值得投入 massive resources。这为后文 subsequent paragraphs 揭示的第六次物种大灭绝 sixth mass extinction 的严重性做了 subtle foreshadowing,also 为证明这个耗资 £100 million、历时 10 years 的项目的 necessity 和 value 奠定了基础 foundation。

  • 项目规模与紧迫性的隐含对比

    P2
    it is expected to take 10 years and cost £100 million. Once completed, all the information will be publicly available

    时间状语从句 Once completed once completed when finished after completion upon completion once achieved when implemented

    第二段通过 concrete numbers 具体数字(10 years、£100 million)来 establish 项目的 monumental scale 宏大规模,然后用 once completed 引出 future benefits,这种 narrative structure 叙事结构 implicitly 传递了一个 critical message 关键信息:物种保护 species conservation 和基因研究 genetic research 是如此 urgent 和 important,以至于需要 mobilize 如此 massive 的 resources 和如此 extended 的 timeframe。这种 emphasis 强调通过 contrast 对比呼应了 article's central thesis 文章的核心论点——我们正处于 sixth mass extinction,必须 immediately 采取 comprehensive action。同时 publicly available 这个细节 detail 也 suggest 了 collective responsibility 集体责任和 shared urgency 共同紧迫性。

  • 历史对比凸显当前危机的空前性

    P3
    It is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago

    时间对比标记词 since the biggest...since the worst...since unprecedented since not seen since the first time since the most significant...since

    第三段通过将 current species loss 当前物种损失与 dinosaur extinction 恐龙灭绝这个 66 million years ago 的 catastrophic event 灾难性事件进行 comparison 对比,implicitly 传递了极其 alarming 的信息 message:人类正在 witness 见证和 cause 导致一场 comparable magnitude 相当规模的 ecological catastrophe 生态灾难。这个 historical parallel 历史平行不仅 contextualize 将第六次物种大灭绝 sixth mass extinction 放入语境,更 underscore 强调了这个 genome sequencing project 基因组测序项目的 existential importance 生存重要性——这不是一个 ordinary scientific endeavor 普通的科学努力,而是 humanity's response 人类的回应 to a crisis 危机 that rivals 媲美 the most devastating events 最具破坏性的事件 in Earth's biological history 地球生物史。这为 justify 证明项目的 massive investment 巨额投资提供了 powerful rationale 有力的理由。

  • 信息获取能力决定解决方案价值

    P4
    How you then harness that is dependent on your ability to understand it

    因果依赖关系表达 How you then harness that is dependent on dependent on contingent upon relies on hinges on is conditional on predicated on

    第四段 Dr. Littlewood 的引语 quote 使用 dependent on 这个 conditional marker 条件标记来 establish 建立一个 logical chain 逻辑链:genetic information 基因信息的 value 价值完全 entirely contingent on 取决于我们 understanding 理解它的 ability 能力。这个 statement 陈述 implicitly 传递了一个 crucial justification 关键论证:基因测序 genome sequencing 本身 in itself 不是 end goal 最终目标,真正的 challenge 挑战和 investment priority 投资优先事项是 developing 发展 the analytical capacity 分析能力来 extract meaning 提取意义 from the data 数据。这为整个 Darwin Tree of Life Project 达尔文生命之树项目的 comprehensive nature 综合性质提供了 rationale 理由——不仅要 sequence 测序,还要 build 建立 the infrastructure 基础设施来 understand 理解,从而 ultimately harness 最终利用这些信息来 address 应对 the extinction crisis 灭绝危机。

  • 个人无力感凸显项目历史意义

    P5
    Try as I might, I can't think of a more exciting, more relevant, more timely or more internationally inspirational project

    让步转折强调句 Try as I might, I can't think of try as I might no matter how hard I try I cannot possibly it's impossible to I struggle to think of I fail to see

    第五段 Sir Jim Smith 的引语用 'try as I might, I can't think of' 这种 concessive structure 让步结构来 introduce 引入四个 superlatives 最高级(exciting, relevant, timely, inspirational),这种 rhetorical strategy 修辞策略 implicitly 传递了 profound message 深刻信息:这个项目不仅是 scientifically important 科学上重要,而且在 historical significance 历史意义上是 unparalleled 无与伦比的。通过 express 表达个人 cognitive limitation 认知局限('can't think of'),作者 paradoxically 悖论式地 amplify 放大了项目的 magnitude 重要程度。这个 emphatic endorsement 强调性背书与前面提到的 alarming statistics 令人警觉的统计数据(60% animal populations wiped out)形成 powerful combination 有力组合,为 article's thesis 文章论点——我们必须 urgently 紧急 catalogue 编目生命并 combat 对抗第六次灭绝——提供了 emotional 情感和 rational 理性的 dual reinforcement 双重强化。最后的 'we're making history' 更是 explicitly 明确 frame 框架化这个项目为 historical turning point 历史转折点。

  • 科学家身份的责任担当暗示

    P5
    As scientists, we all realise we desperately need to catalogue life on our fragile planet now

    身份限定+集体共识表达 As scientists, we all realise as scientists, we as experts, we recognize as researchers, we understand the scientific community agrees we all realize it's clear to us that

    第五段中 'As scientists, we all realise' 这个 phrase 短语 through 通过 invoke 援引 scientific community's collective judgment 科学界的集体判断,implicitly 传递了多层 multiple layers 的信息 message。首先 first,它 establish 确立这不是 isolated opinion 孤立观点而是 professional consensus 专业共识,thereby 从而 increase 增加 credibility 可信度。其次 second,通过 couple 结合 'desperately need' 和 'now' 这些 urgency markers 紧迫性标记,它 frame 框架化基因编目 genetic cataloguing 不是 optional research project 可选的研究项目而是 urgent professional duty 紧迫的职业责任。这种 framing 框架化 strategy 策略 reinforce 强化了 article's central argument 文章的核心论点:面对 sixth mass extinction,科学界有 collective responsibility 集体责任来 take immediate action 立即采取行动。同时 'fragile planet' 这个 emotive descriptor 情感性描述词 add 增添了 vulnerability 脆弱性的 sense 感觉,further justify 进一步证明 the project's urgency 项目的紧迫性和 historical significance 历史意义('making history')。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：积极支持

结论先行：本文作者态度为积极支持（ Urgent and Supportive）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开篇定调 P1

    本文的 first paragraph 直接介绍了 genetic code mapping project 这个 positive scientific initiative，使用 'help save species' 和 'boost human health' 这样的 benefit-oriented language，立刻 reveal 出作者对这个 project 持 supportive attitude。说明文的 opening tone 往往 set 整篇文章的 stance。

  2. 专家引言选择 P4 P5

    文章 include 了 Dr. Tim Littlewood 和 Sir Jim Smith 两位 authority figures 的 quotes，他们都用 highly enthusiastic language 来 describe 这个 project。比如 'most exciting, most relevant' 和 'making history' 这些 strong positive expressions。作者 choosing 这些 quotes 而不是 skeptical voices，clearly indicates support for the project。

  3. 危机严重性强调 P3 P5

    文章用 'sixth mass extinction'、'toxic mix'、'biggest loss since dinosaurs' 这些 alarming terms 来 describe current situation，creating a sense of urgency。这种 crisis framing 为后面的 genetic mapping project 提供了 strong justification，暗示作者认为这个 project is critically needed and should be supported。

  4. 整体语言与结构 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    纵观全文，作者 consistently use positive verbs like 'help', 'boost', 'revolutionise', 'bolster' 来 describe the project's potential，没有 include any skepticism or limitations。文章 structure 也是 progressive：从 project introduction，到 British initiative，到 crisis context，最后到 expert endorsements。这个 building momentum 的 structure reinforces supportive attitude。

文中的态度信号词

  • help save P1

    这个 signal word 'help save' 体现了 strong positive intent，表明作者认为这个 genetic mapping project 有 beneficial purpose。在说明文中，动词 'help' combined with 'save' creates a rescue narrative，暗示作者 view this initiative as necessary and valuable。

    同类词 boost help uncover improve revolutionise bolster

  • exciting P5

    Sir Jim Smith 使用的 'exciting' 是 highly emotive adjective，coupled with superlative 'most exciting' 更 amplify enthusiasm。作者 choosing to quote 这句话 without any counterbalance，表明作者 share this enthusiasm and want readers to feel it too。

    同类词 relevant timely inspirational desperately need making history

  • sixth mass extinction P3

    这个 alarming phrase 'sixth mass extinction' creates urgency and gravity。虽然表面是 negative language，但在说明文的 problem-solution structure 中，它 serves to justify and strengthen support for the proposed solution。作者用 dramatic crisis language 来 emphasize why the genetic mapping project is crucial。

    同类词 toxic mix biggest loss wiped out threatens imperils

  • hope P1

    Modal verb 'hope' 和 'could help' 表达 optimistic expectation。在说明文中，作者 using hopeful modality 来 frame future possibilities，暗示作者 believe in positive outcomes and want readers to share this optimism。

    同类词 could help will be expected to will revolutionise

  • revolutionise P3

    Strong verb 'revolutionise' 暗示 transformative change and major impact。作者 attribute such powerful verbs to the genetic sequencing project，clearly indicating belief in its significance and value。这是 author endorsement through power vocabulary。

    同类词 bolster protect restore harness catalogue

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文？

  1. 开篇直陈客观项目 P1

    本文第一段直接 explain 了一个 genetic mapping project 的 scope 和 potential benefits,这是典型的 expository writing pattern。如果是 argumentative essay,开头会提出 controversial viewpoint 或 thesis statement;如果是 news report,会以 recent event 或 who-what-when-where 的 lead paragraph 开场。

  2. 多维度信息展开 P2 P3 P4 P5

    第二段 describe 了 British organizations 的 specific involvement,第三段 explain 了 scientific context 和 extinction background,第四五段 present 了 scientists' perspectives。这种 multi-dimensional elaboration 是说明文的 hallmark。议论文会围绕 central argument 展开 reasoning 和 evidence,新闻报道则按 inverted pyramid structure 排列 information importance。

  3. 客观术语与数据 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    文章使用 'genetic code'、'sequencing'、'biodiversity' 等 technical terms,引用 specific numbers 如 '1.5 million species'、'66,000 species'、'£100 million',并 maintain 客观的 explanatory tone。议论文会出现 evaluative language 和 persuasive devices,新闻报道则强调 timeliness 和使用 journalistic attribution。

  4. 传递知识理解 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

    文章没有 explicit thesis 要 defend,也没有 breaking news angle 要 report,而是 systematically present information about 一个 ongoing scientific project。这种 educational orientation 正是说明文的 defining characteristic。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁？

  • Dubbed P2 说明对象定义解释词 known as referred to as called termed namely
  • including P2 说明顺序与例证词 such as for example like as well as
  • help P1 事物属性功能描述词 improve create boost uncover slow
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

7 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 的常见问题

2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的主旨是什么？
科学家们正在启动一项全球性计划,对所有已知物种的基因密码进行测序,以应对第六次物种大灭绝、促进人类健康,并通过了解生物的进化适应来保护生物多样性。（英文表述：Scientists are launching a global initiative to sequence the genetic code of all known species to combat the sixth mass extinction, advance human health, and preserve biodiversity through understanding organisms' evolutionary adaptations.）
2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为说明文，作者立场是积极支持（Urgent and Supportive）。CEFR 难度 C1，全文 394 词、5 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，C1 级共 343 篇（占 58%）。
2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 5 段按说明文骨架分为 5 个意群：第1段——研究目标与价值；第2段——英国具体实践；第3段——紧迫性背景；第4段——专家观点一；第5段——专家观点二。
2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是积极支持（Urgent and Supportive）。判断路径：开篇定调 → 专家引言选择 → 危机严重性强调 → 整体语言与结构；文中的态度信号词包括 help save（第1段）、exciting（第5段）、sixth mass extinction（第3段）、hope（第1段）、revolutionise（第3段）。
2024年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：dub（命名,称为）、bolster（支持,加强,巩固）、harness（利用,开发,驾驭）、imperil（危及,使陷入危险），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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