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2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2)
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2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 396 词、3 段，CEFR 难度 C1（C1 级在英语六级文章中占 58%），作者立场为「客观中立」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 的听力原文，共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

When it comes to food, color is money. Food companies know that better color gives better prices, so they ensure that their products are attractive in color to bolster earnings. Oranges, for example, have to meet specific color standards. And oranges are just the beginning. There are color standards for foods including French fries, tomatoes, pumpkins, olives, honey and cherries.

The attention to color is for good reason. For all the talk of the tongue, our eyes really might be the most important part of the eating experience. A great number of our brain functions are dedicated to processing vision, while only a percent or two is given over to taste faculties, and the result is that color actually changes how we taste food.

Scientists have demonstrated many times the importance of color to taste. In a 1980s study, for example, test participants were asked to name the flavor of the beverage they were drinking without being able to see that beverage. Only one in five was able to identify it as orange. But when they were allowed to see what they were drinking which was orange in color, each of them identified the orange flavor. And when a drink that was lime flavor was colored orange, nearly half of respondents identified the flavor of the beverage as orange. None made that mistake when the beverage was green in color. What's happening when someone fails to identify the flavor of a beverage they can't see or that has an abnormal color? Is it that participants can't discern what the flavor is, and so rely on visual cues? Or does color actually change the experience of taste? The key to these questions is the effect of color on expectation. The brain makes predictions using color. These predictions rely on expectations that come from experience. Research shows that we're all born liking sweet things and desire to eat them, but we aren't born knowing what the sweet things we crave look like. So we need to learn this over time. The brain gets information from the environment. And we learn, for example, that fruits go from green and sour to red and ripe and sweet. Thus, if we see a green berry, we equate its color with a sour taste, and just looking at a red fruit will activate our expectations that it will taste sweet and delicious.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Color Standards: The Business of Food Appearance

    The food industry implements strict color standards because color directly impacts product prices and sales.

    这个 opening paragraph 为全文主旨服务的方式是通过 establish the importance of color from a business perspective。它回答了读者可能的第一个问题：'why should we care about food color?' 通过展示 industry's heavy investment in color control，段落建立了 color 的 significance，为后文探讨 color 如何 influence perception and taste 创造了 motivation。它从 external, observable practice (industry standards) 入手，为转向 internal, psychological mechanism 做准备。

    现象+证据引入法
  2. P2

    The Visual Dominance in Taste Perception

    Vision dominates the eating experience because the brain allocates far more resources to processing visual information than taste, causing color to alter taste perception.

    这个 paragraph 在文章主旨中扮演 theoretical foundation 的角色。如果说第一段从 practical angle 建立了 color 的 importance，第二段则从 scientific angle 解释了 why color matters so much。它回答了 'what's the mechanism behind color's influence'，用 neuroscience evidence 来 legitimize 整个讨论。这个段落把文章从 industry practice 推进到 human biology，为第三段的 experimental evidence 提供了 conceptual framework。它是文章从 'what happens' 到 'why it happens' 的关键转折点。

    原因-机制-结果链
  3. P3

    From Experiment to Explanation: How Color Shapes Taste Through Learning

    Scientific experiments prove that color affects flavor identification, with this effect rooted in learned expectations where the brain predicts taste based on color cues acquired through experience.

    这个 concluding paragraph 是文章主旨的 climax，它把前两段建立的 framework 填充上 substantial content。第一段说 'color is important'，第二段说 'vision dominates taste'，第三段用 rigorous evidence 证明这个 relationship，并且深入到 cognitive mechanism 层面。它回答了文章隐含的核心问题：'how does color influence taste, and why?' 这个段落通过揭示 learned expectations 这个 mechanism，让整个讨论从 observation 升华到 understanding。它完成了说明文的 classic mission：不仅 inform readers about a phenomenon，更 explain the underlying principles。段落中从 green-sour 到 red-sweet 的例子特别精彩，它把 abstract concept 具体化，让 learning process 变得 tangible and relatable。

    证据-解释双层结构
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2024年12月英语六级真题第1套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 food companies color pay close attention

    Why do food companies pay close attention to the color of their products?

    • A They want all fruits to meet the same natural color standard.
    • B They believe color is more important than taste to consumers.
    • C They use attractive color to help increase their profits.
    • D They are required by scientists to color food products artificially.
    • E They try to make consumers identify flavors more accurately.
    • F They need to teach people how food changes color as it ripens.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    正确项完整保留了原文的因果结构：attractive color 是手段，increase profits 是商业目的。它把 bolster earnings 作了六级常见的同义改写，没有照抄原句。障碍在于题干问 Why，而原文同时列出 color standards 和多种 foods；考生若停留在表层，容易误把“符合标准”当作终极目的，忽略其后指向的 earnings。

    收益词验因果 时间极紧时，直接在题干中抓 food companies 这个低频主体，并定位到 第1段；随后不必细读食品清单，只扫该处的收益性词汇，如 prices、earnings。把所有选项压缩成“企业做颜色处理是为了什么”，只有正确项呈现“手段→获利”的闭环；其余项即便含有原文词，也多停在标准、实验或自然变化层面。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 brain functions comparison food perception

    What does the comparison of brain functions suggest about food perception?

    • A Taste faculties receive most of the brain's processing resources.
    • B People can judge food mainly through their tongues rather than their eyes.
    • C Color determines whether a food is safe for people to eat.
    • D Visual information can substantially influence the way people experience taste.
    • E The brain processes all sensory information in equal proportions.
    • F People are born with complete knowledge of food colors and flavors.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项概括了比较的落点：大脑对 vision 投入更多处理资源，结果是 color 会改变人们如何 taste food。substantially 对应原文强调的 most important 与 actually changes，influence the way people experience taste 则是对 eating experience 的准确整合。障碍在于原文先给出百分比式对照，考生可能机械选择重复数字的选项，而忽视比较之后的 result。

    盯住结果句 紧急作答时，抓 comparison 与 brain functions，定位 第2段；不要计算或背诵百分比，只沿着 while 后面的 result 读一句。然后使用“结论词替换”法：选择把 vision/color 对 taste 的影响完整改写出来的正确项，立即剔除只复述 tongue、资源比例或添加 safety 的选项。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 lime-flavored colored orange respondents

    What happened when the lime-flavored beverage was colored orange?

    • A All of the respondents correctly identified it as lime-flavored.
    • B Nearly half of the respondents said that it tasted green.
    • C Only one in five respondents recognized the orange flavor.
    • D None of the respondents made an error because the drink was orange.
    • E Nearly half of the respondents mistook it for an orange-flavored drink.
    • F They refused to name the flavor without seeing the beverage.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    正确项精确保留实验的两个关键结果：比例 nearly half，以及判断方向 identified the flavor as orange。mistook it for 把 identified ... as orange 转换为自然的结果表达，且保留了“真实为 lime、报告为 orange”的错配。障碍在于 orange 在材料中既可能指 color，也可能指 flavor；若不区分变量，就会误选“大家正确识别 lime”或“所有人都识别 orange”。

    双色标签对表 最省时的做法是把题干中的 lime-flavored 与 colored orange 当作“双色标签”，用这两个低频条件直达 第3段。随后不读后面的理论解释，只在该标签后的一个结果句中抓“比例＋误认对象”；将每个选项与这两个槽位核对。唯一同时匹配比例和误认方向的正确项，即可确定。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    食品行业对颜色的重视与应用

    这个 opening paragraph 引出了 food industry 中 color 的重要性，通过 具体的 examples 比如 oranges、French fries 等来说明 food companies 如何利用 color standards 来 boost earnings，为整篇 article 建立了 practical context。

    作为 expository text 的 introduction part，这个意群通过 real-world examples 引入了 color 在 food perception 中的 commercial importance，为后文深入探讨 color 如何 influence taste 奠定了 practical foundation，让 readers 意识到这不是 abstract theory 而是 actual practice。

    行业实践证据
  2. P2

    颜色影响味觉的生理学原因

    这个 explanatory section 从 physiological perspective 解释了为什么 color matters，通过对比 brain functions dedicated to vision 和 taste 的比例差异，揭示了 eyes 在 eating experience 中的 dominant role，为 color changes taste 这个 core mechanism 提供了 biological basis。

    作为说明文中 explanation 的 first layer，这个意群通过 quantitative comparison（大部分 brain functions 处理 vision，只有百分之一二处理 taste）建立了 scientific credibility，解答了 why color influences taste 这个 fundamental question，为后续的 experimental evidence 提供了 theoretical framework。

    神经科学依据
  3. P3

    实验证据与认知机制的深度剖析

    这个 elaborate section 通过 detailed experiments（1980s beverage study）提供了 empirical evidence，并且深入探讨了 cognitive mechanism，解释了 color 如何通过 expectations 和 learned experiences 来 shape taste perception，完成了从 what 和 why 到 how 的 comprehensive explanation。

    作为说明文的 core argumentative section，这个意群通过 concrete experimental data 验证了 color influences taste 这个 claim，更重要的是揭示了 cognitive pathway（brain predictions → expectations from experience → learned associations），将 simple observation 提升为 systematic understanding，完成了说明文 explain how and why 的 central mission。

    实验验证与机制解析
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段话题定位 P1

    说明文的 first paragraph 通常会 establish the topic 并给出 concrete examples，这里通过 food companies 和 color standards 的 specific cases 直接揭示了文章要探讨的核心 phenomenon——color 在 food 中的 importance。

  2. 因果机制阐释 P2

    第二段通过 'for good reason' 引出 causal explanation，说明 why color matters。接着用 brain function 的 scientific basis 解释 how color influences taste。这种 cause-effect structure 是说明文 core explanation 的标志，直接指向文章的 explanatory purpose。

  3. 实验证据支撑 P3

    第三段通过 1980s study 的 detailed experimental data 来 support 前面的 claim。说明文用 empirical evidence 来 validate explanation 是其 characteristic feature。这个 evidence-heavy paragraph 强化了文章的 main point——color affects taste perception。

  4. 三层信息整合 P1 P2 P3

    说明文主旨需要整合 descriptive component（color in food industry）、explanatory component（how color changes taste perception）和 evidential component（scientific studies prove this）。单独任何一个 component 都不构成完整主旨，必须 synthesize 全文的 informational layers。

主旨信号词 color is money P1 for good reason P2 actually changes P2 demonstrated P3 the importance of color to taste P3 the effect of color on expectation P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

这篇说明文解释了颜色如何显著影响我们对食物的感知和味觉。文章描述了食品行业如何使用颜色标准,提供了科学证据表明颜色会影响风味识别,并解释了我们的大脑通过后天习得的经验形成基于颜色的味觉预期。
This expository text explains how color significantly influences our perception and taste of food. It describes how the food industry uses color standards, presents scientific evidence showing color affects flavor identification, and explains that our brains form color-based taste expectations through learned experiences.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • bolster 增强、支持、提振

    现在我们把所有clues串联起来。首先，从logical relationship看，好颜色导致好价格，然后是bolster earnings，这个chain显示bolster是positive action。其次，从business context的semantic field来看，companies的所有efforts都指向improve financial performance，所以bolster必然是strengthen的意思。最后，从syntactic structure看，这是一个purpose clause，为了bolster而采取行动，再次confirm了它的positive nature。将这三条线索综合起来，我们可以confidently推断出bolster的meaning。

    因果链+语义场+句法三维交叉验证
  • faculty 机能、能力、官能

    让我们integrate所有的evidence。第一，syntactic parallelism告诉我们taste faculties和brain functions是comparable concepts，都是某种processing capacity。第二，quantitative comparison显示faculties是可以被measured的，占brain resources的certain percentage。第三，整个paragraph的theme是sensory processing，所以faculties specifically指的是与taste相关的processing abilities。综合这些clues，faculties在这里指的是一种能力或机能。

    平行结构+量化特征+主题域锁定
  • discern 识别、辨别、分辨

    现在我们consolidate所有的evidence。首先，从logical opposition看，discern和rely on cues形成contrast，说明discern是independent perception。其次，从experimental task的context看，participants需要name和identify flavor，而discern就是这个process的core action。第三，从sentence structure和semantic field看，discern是transitive verb，表示对specific object的cognitive identification。所有这些clues指向同一个conclusion：discern是识别、辨别的意思。

    逻辑对比+情境目标+及物结构三重定位
  • crave 渴望、渴求

    让我们把所有clues串起来。首先，syntactic parallelism把crave和like、desire放在同一个semantic set中，都是表示wanting。其次，logical progression显示crave是innate的feeling，与生俱来的desire。第三，grammatical structure确认它是transitive verb，表示对specific things（sweet things）的desire。综合这些evidence，crave的meaning呼之欲出：它是比like更强烈的、表示渴望的verb。

    同义平行+强度定位+语法验证
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 举例子

    P1

    文章通过 oranges 这个 concrete example 来说明 food companies 如何利用 color standards 去 boost earnings。紧接着用 for example 引出更多 foods 的列举，像 French fries、tomatoes、pumpkins 这些 everyday items，让 abstract concept 变得 tangible and relatable。这种 specific examples 的使用让读者立刻 grasp 到 color 在 food industry 中的 widespread importance，为后文关于 color affects taste 的 scientific explanation 奠定了 solid foundation。

    信号词 for example for instance such as including like take...for example a case in point

    仿写： 当你想 explain 一个 general phenomenon 时，问自己：what are the most familiar examples my readers encounter daily? 选择那些 universally recognized items 会让你的 argument 更有 persuasive power。模版："[Topic], for example, [specific case]. And [first example] are just the beginning. There are [topic] for [category] including [item 1], [item 2], [item 3], and [item 4]." 这个 pattern 先给一个 standout example，再用 just the beginning 制造 anticipation，最后用 list 展示 breadth。

  • 列数字

    P2 P3

    文章用 quantitative data 来 strengthen 其 argument："only one in five" 能 identify orange flavor without seeing，"nearly half" 把 lime flavor 误认为 orange when colored orange，"only a percent or two" of brain functions dedicated to taste versus "a great number" for vision。这些 numerical comparisons 不仅 provide concrete evidence，更重要的是 create stark contrasts 让 readers viscerally feel color 的 overwhelming dominance over taste。这种 precision 让 subjective experience 变成了 objective facts，大大增强了 text 的 credibility and persuasiveness。

    信号词 percent one in five half of a great number only a percent or two statistics show data indicates research found X out of Y

    仿写： 使用数字时要 create meaningful contrasts 而不是 merely state numbers。问自己：what comparison will make readers go "wow, that's significant"? 模版："Only [small number/percentage] [outcome A], but when [condition changes], [large number/percentage] [outcome B]." 或者用 ratio comparison："[Large portion] of [resource] is dedicated to [aspect A], while only [tiny portion] is given over to [aspect B]." 关键是让 numbers tell a story，not just serve as decoration。

  • 作比较

    P2 P3

    文章通过 systematic comparisons 来 reveal color 的 impact：taste faculties versus vision processing in brain，participants' identification with versus without seeing beverage，orange-colored lime versus green-colored lime。最 striking 的是 green berry versus red fruit 的 comparison，directly linking color to taste expectations。这些 side-by-side contrasts 不是 random，而是 strategically designed 让 readers see causation——precisely because of color difference，taste perception changes dramatically。这种 controlled comparison 的 logic 让 argument irrefutable。

    信号词 but when while whereas in contrast on the other hand compared to versus rather than unlike however

    仿写： 有效的 comparison 需要 clear control variables。问自己：what's the one factor that changes while everything else stays constant? 模版："When [condition A], [result X]. But when [condition B], [result Y]." 或用 contrast structure："[Entity A] [characteristic], while [Entity B] [opposite characteristic]." 记住要让 comparison symmetrical——如果 compare A and B on trait 1，也要 compare them on related trait 2，creating parallel structure 能让 contrast 更 impactful。

  • 作诠释

    P3

    文章在 presenting evidence 后，不 leave readers hanging，而是 provide interpretations。比如提出两个 rhetorical questions："Is it that participants can't discern...? Or does color actually change...?" 然后用 "The key to these questions is..." 来 unpack the mechanism。这种 interpretive layer 把 raw data 转化为 meaningful insights。特别是最后关于 learning process 的 explanation——"we aren't born knowing...So we need to learn..."——这个 interpretive narrative 让 scattered facts coalesce into a coherent theory about color-taste associations。

    信号词 The key to What's happening This is because The reason is In other words That is to say This means Thus Therefore As a result

    仿写： Good interpretation 要 anticipate reader confusion。问自己：after presenting this evidence, what question would naturally arise in readers' minds? 模版："What's happening when [phenomenon]? Is it [possibility A]? Or [possibility B]? The key to [question] is [explanation]." 或者用 causal chain："[Observation]. This is because [mechanism]. As a result, [consequence]." 记住 interpretation 应该 build bridges between evidence，showing how pieces fit together，not just restate facts。

  • 引资料

    P3

    文章 cite "a 1980s study" 和 "Research shows" 来 back up claims，这不是 casual mention 而是 strategic use of authority。通过 referencing established research，作者把 personal opinion 升级为 scientific consensus。Specifically，the 1980s study 提供了 detailed experimental data，而 "Research shows" 这个 broader reference 补充了 innate preferences 的 biological basis。这种 dual-layer citation strategy——既有 specific study 又有 general research consensus——让 argument 既 grounded in concrete evidence 又 supported by broader scientific community。

    信号词 study research shows scientists have demonstrated according to evidence suggests findings indicate scholars argue data reveals experiments show

    仿写： 引用时要 establish both credibility and relevance。问自己：does this source have authority, and does it directly support my point? 模版："In a [time period] study, [researchers/participants] [method]. [Specific finding]." 或用 general reference："Research shows that [general principle]." 注意 vary citation styles——有时用 specific studies for concrete data，有时用 broader "studies show" for established principles。关键是让 citation flow naturally into your narrative，not feel like decoration。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 颜色标准的商业驱动力

    P1
    Food companies know that better color gives better prices, so they ensure that their products are attractive in color to bolster earnings.

    目的性动词 bolster ensure enhance leverage maximize optimize strengthen

    表面上这句话在描述 food companies 如何 ensure color standards，但 bolster earnings 这个表达 reveals 了真正的 intent：颜色标准并非出于 nutritional concerns 或 quality control，而是纯粹为了 maximize profits。这个言外之意对文章主旨至关重要，因为它 establishes 了整篇文章的 premise —— color 在食品行业中是一个 economically driven factor，这为后续讨论 color 如何影响 taste perception 提供了 practical context，说明这不仅是个 scientific phenomenon，更是个有 commercial value 的现象。

  • 视觉处理的认知优先级

    P2
    A great number of our brain functions are dedicated to processing vision, while only a percent or two is given over to taste faculties

    数量对比类 only a percent or two merely just as little as as much as a great number of a tiny fraction

    这个数据对比的言外之意是：我们对 taste 的 common understanding 是 fundamentally flawed。大家通常认为 tongue 和 taste buds 是 eating experience 的 core，但 brain resource allocation 的 dramatic imbalance reveals 了一个 counterintuitive truth —— vision dominates taste。这对文章主旨的作用是 provide neurological evidence 来支持为什么 color 能够 actually change taste perception，而不仅仅是 influence 我们的 preference。它把讨论从 commercial practice（第一段）提升到 cognitive science level，为后续的 experimental evidence 奠定了 scientific foundation。

  • 颜色对味觉识别的决定性作用

    P3
    Only one in five was able to identify it as orange. But when they were allowed to see what they were drinking which was orange in color, each of them identified the orange flavor.

    极端比例类 Only one in five only one in five nearly half none all of them barely the vast majority

    从 20% success rate 到 100% success rate 的 dramatic jump reveals 了一个 profound implication：味觉识别几乎 entirely dependent on visual cues。言外之意是我们所谓的 "taste" 其实很大程度上是 visual expectation 的产物，而非 taste buds 的 direct perception。这对主旨的价值在于，它用 concrete experimental data 证明了 color 不只是 influence taste，而是 fundamentally determines 我们的 flavor identification。这个发现 escalates 文章论点的 strength，从 "color matters" 升级到 "color is essential"。

  • 错误颜色导致的完全误判

    P3
    when a drink that was lime flavor was colored orange, nearly half of respondents identified the flavor of the beverage as orange. None made that mistake when the beverage was green in color.

    绝对否定类 None none not a single never no one without exception in no case

    "None made that mistake" 的言外之意是：当 visual cues align with learned expectations（green = lime），confusion completely vanishes，但当 visual cues contradict expectations（orange color for lime），massive confusion occurs（nearly half）。这 reveals 了 color-flavor associations 的 rigidity 和 power。对主旨的贡献在于，它不仅证明 color affects taste，还展示了这种影响的 predictable pattern：congruent color eliminates errors，incongruent color creates systematic misidentification。这为文章最后解释 learned expectations 的 mechanism 铺平了道路。

  • 颜色-味觉关联的后天习得性

    P3
    we're all born liking sweet things and desire to eat them, but we aren't born knowing what the sweet things we crave look like. So we need to learn this over time.

    否定先天性表达 aren't born knowing not innate need to learn acquire over time develop through experience not hardwired learned rather than inherited

    这个对比的言外之意是：虽然 sweet preference 是 biological and universal，但 color-taste associations 是 culturally learned and potentially variable。这 implies 不同文化背景的人可能形成 different color-flavor expectations。对主旨的价值在于，它 explains the mechanism behind 前面实验结果 —— 为什么 color 能 override actual taste？因为这些 associations 是通过 repeated environmental exposure 建立的 powerful neural pathways。这个 insight elevates 文章从 merely describing a phenomenon 到 explaining its cognitive origins，showing color's influence on taste 是 learned expectation 而非 sensory confusion。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：客观中立

结论先行：本文作者态度为客观中立（ Objective and Analytical）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首句定调 P1

    说明文的开篇通常是为了引出phenomenon而不是抒发opinion，所以如果首句是fact statement或者带有数据感的表达，往往暗示整篇文章的态度会偏向neutral。

  2. 引证支撑 P2 P3

    当文章倾向于用data和实验结果说话，而不是用主观形容词表达喜好或批评时，说明作者在保持一种scientific distance，不带入个人色彩。

  3. 语境辨析 P2

    说明文中即使出现看似evaluative的词汇，也要结合context判断它是logical connector还是genuine emotional stance；这里作者只是在justify为什么要深入解释color背后的科学原理。

  4. 尾段验证 P3

    说明文的结尾往往揭示作者最终的writing purpose，如果结尾只是summarize phenomenon而没有呼吁读者改变行为或做价值判断，就可以confirm作者态度是objective的。

  5. 四步定态综述 P1 P2 P3

    说明文的核心目的是informing而非persuading，只要文章始终维持evidence-based叙述且没有emotional bias，就可以确定作者态度是objective and analytical的。

文中的态度信号词

  • for good reason P2

    这个phrase看似在肯定研究关注color的行为，但其实是为后面的scientific explanation做logical bridge，说明作者只是在陈述一个被证实的fact，而不是发表subjective opinion。

    同类词 makes sense rightly so understandably with good cause

  • demonstrated P3

    "demonstrated"是典型的scientific verb，用来引出实验证据，说明作者在依靠data而不是personal feeling来support论点，这强化了全文objective、evidence-based的氛围。

    同类词 shows reveals confirms indicates

  • Research shows P3

    这种citation-style的表达把结论的来源归于第三方研究，而不是作者本人的主观判断，进一步说明作者是在做knowledge transmission，态度保持客观中立。

    同类词 Studies show Scientists have demonstrated according to research data suggests

  • nearly half P3

    这些quantifying expression把abstract的现象转化成precise的数据，说明作者在用statistical language而不是情绪化描述来呈现结果，这是说明文中保持客观distance的重要手段。

    同类词 one in five each of them a percent or two None

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文？

  1. 陈述事实而非观点 P1

    说明文的核心特征是 explain how or why something works，开篇通常会 introduce a subject or phenomenon 需要被解释。这篇文章开头 'When it comes to food, color is money' 直接引入 food color 这个 subject，接着 explain why food companies care about color。议论文会 state an opinion 需要被论证,新闻报道会 report what happened 在具体时间地点

  2. 因果解释链条 P1 P2 P3

    说明文有典型的 cause-effect 或 problem-solution structure。这篇文章 第1段 presents the phenomenon（food companies care about color），第2段 explains the reason（'our eyes really might be the most important part'），第3段 provides scientific evidence 和 explains the mechanism（'color actually changes how we taste'）。这是经典的 explanatory pattern。议论文是 claim-evidence-reasoning structure，新闻报道是 inverted pyramid structure

  3. 实验数据阐释机制 P3

    说明文依赖 objective evidence 来 explain phenomena。第3段 详细描述 '1980s study' 的 experimental design 和 results（'one in five', 'nearly half'），这些 specific data 不是为了 prove a point，而是为了 illustrate how color affects taste perception。议论文的 examples 是用来 strengthen an argument，新闻报道的 data 是 report facts about events

  4. 客观中立解释立场 P1 P2 P3

    说明文作者是 objective explainer，不表达 personal views 或 urge readers to act。整篇文章只是 explaining why color matters in food perception，没有说 'we should' 或 'companies must'。没有 evaluative language 判断 good or bad。议论文作者有明确 position 需要 defend，新闻报道虽然 neutral 但重点是 inform about events 而非 explain mechanisms

  5. 解释型知识传递 P1 P2 P3

    这篇文章完全符合说明文的 defining characteristics：它 explains the phenomenon 'color affects food taste'，用 scientific studies 展示 underlying mechanism（expectation and brain prediction），保持 objective informative tone，没有 argue that something should change（议论文特征）也没有 report a specific news event（新闻特征）。整体目的是 help readers understand a scientific principle

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁？

  • for example P1 说明顺序与例证词 for instance such as including like take...as an example
  • there are P1 事物属性功能描述词 there is consist of contain include comprise
  • When it comes to P1 说明对象定义解释词 when it comes to as for regarding concerning with respect to
  • Scientists have demonstrated P3 说明顺序与例证词 scientists have demonstrated research shows studies indicate evidence suggests experiments reveal
  • What's happening when P3 说明对象定义解释词 what's happening when what is what does...mean how does...work why does
  • The key to P3 说明对象定义解释词 the key to the reason for the cause of the explanation is this is because
  • Research shows that P3 说明顺序与例证词 research shows that studies reveal that evidence indicates that data demonstrate that experiments prove that
  • Thus P3 说明顺序与例证词 thus therefore hence consequently as a result
  • The attention to...is for good reason P2 说明对象定义解释词 is for good reason the reason is that this is because the explanation for this is what accounts for this is
  • the result is that P2 说明顺序与例证词 the outcome is the consequence is this results in this leads to the effect is
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

8 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 的常见问题

2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的主旨是什么？
2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章说明文解释了颜色如何显著影响我们对食物的感知和味觉。文章描述了食品行业如何使用颜色标准,提供了科学证据表明颜色会影响风味识别,并解释了我们的大脑通过后天习得的经验形成基于颜色的味觉预期。（英文表述：This expository text explains how color significantly influences our perception and taste of food. It describes how the food industry uses color standards, presents scientific evidence showing color affects flavor identification, and explains that our brains form color-based taste expectations through learned experiences.）
2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为说明文，作者立场是客观中立（Objective and Analytical）。CEFR 难度 C1，全文 396 词、3 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，C1 级共 343 篇（占 58%）。
2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群：第1段——食品行业对颜色的重视与应用；第2段——颜色影响味觉的生理学原因；第3段——实验证据与认知机制的深度剖析。
2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是客观中立（Objective and Analytical）。判断路径：首句定调 → 引证支撑 → 语境辨析 → 尾段验证 → 四步定态综述；文中的态度信号词包括 for good reason（第2段）、demonstrated（第3段）、Research shows（第3段）、nearly half（第3段）。
2024年12月英语六级真题第1套 Part II Section C (2) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：bolster（增强、支持、提振）、faculty（机能、能力、官能）、discern（识别、辨别、分辨）、crave（渴望、渴求），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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