1999年考研英语真题 Section II Part A (4)

文章开篇使用了precise temporal markers，比如"3 months ago"和"90 days"这些specific time references，营造出一种urgency和immediacy。这种numerical precision不仅establish了一个clear timeline，更重要的是convey了政策制定的swift response和time-sensitive nature。通过这些concrete numbers，读者能感受到human cloning这个ethical dilemma引发的immediate政策反应，强化了issue的severity和controversy。

信号词 3 months ago 90 days 17 May 90-day ban indefinitely

仿写： 当你想convey政策或事件的紧迫性时，思考：有哪些可以quantify的elements？比如时间、人数、资金。不要说"最近"，而是说"3个月前"；不要说"很快"，而是说"90天内"。练习这个模版：'When [specific event] happened [precise time ago], [authority figure] acted [within specific timeframe], ordering that [specific measure] be implemented.'

文章strategically引入了Shapiro的direct quote："morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning"。这个quoted phrase直接expose了panel的ethical stance，比paraphrase更有impact。通过让authoritative voice directly speak，文章avoid了appearing biased，同时这个loaded term "morally unacceptable"carry了strong emotional weight。Shapiro还explained "the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child"，这个attribution让ethical concern具体化，不是abstract的moral philosophy而是concrete的health risk。

信号词 suggested that explained during said Declaring that asked

仿写： 选择quotes时要strategic：找那些contain evaluative words的statements（如"morally unacceptable"、"crucial question"）。不要quote平淡的factual statements，那些可以paraphrase。练习识别：哪些话需要保留original wording才能preserve its force？模版：'In [context], [authority figure] [verb of statement] that [direct quote with strong language], [verb of explanation] that [reason/elaboration].'

文章使用了layered background information来frame主要story。开篇先present了triggering event（Scottish team cloned sheep），然后introduce了Clinton's response，再explain了NBAC的formation和mission。这个progressive disclosure让complex policy issue变得accessible。特别是第四段的parenthetical explanation "the earliest stage of human offspring before birth"，这个definitional aside帮助non-specialist readers understand technical term "embryos"，without disrupting主要narrative flow。

信号词 When following because before already

仿写： 在write关于complex issues的news时，问自己：readers需要知道什么context才能understand current development？但要resist the urge to front-load所有background。Instead，用opening sentence hook readers with current event，然后weave in necessary backstory。练习这个structure：'When [past event], [authority] [past action]. Now, [current development].' For technical terms，use parenthetical definitions: '[term] ([brief plain-language explanation]).'

文章通过对比federal funding ban和private research来highlight一个key tension。NBAC "will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban...be extended indefinitely"针对federal funds，"but"同时要carefully word the recommendation "to avoid new restrictions on research involving cloning of human DNA or cells"。更sharp的contrast出现在第五段：members agree要appeal to private researchers "not to try to clone humans"，"but they were divided on whether to go further"去criminalize private funding。这个deliberate juxtaposition expose了policy dilemma：如何balance restriction和research freedom，如何treat public versus private funding differently。

信号词 But however although while divided on

仿写： 要create effective contrast，首先identify the two sides of an issue或two different approaches。使用"but"或"however"来explicitly signal the contrast。更sophisticated的method是use parallel sentence structure来emphasize the opposition。练习这个pattern：'[Group/Authority] will [action A regarding subject X], but [same group] [different action B regarding related subject Y].' Or: '[Group] agreed on [point of consensus], but remained divided on [point of disagreement].'注意让对比的elements在grammatical structure上parallel，这样contrast更striking。

整篇文章maintain了一个deliberate neutral tone通过careful word choices和attribution。比如"NBAC will ask"而不是"NBAC demands"，"members agreed"而不是"members decided"，"Shapiro suggested"而不是"Shapiro argued"。这些moderate verbs避免了inject记者的opinion。文章还extensively use attribution："the panel had found", "Shapiro explained", "members indicated"——每个claim都traced back to a source。即使描述controversial topic like human cloning，文章stick to factual reporting of what was discussed和recommended，而不evaluate这些positions的merit。

信号词 will ask agreed on suggested that explained indicated plans to favored

仿写： 要achieve objectivity，first audit your verbs：replace evaluative verbs with neutral ones。Instead of "X claimed" (suggests doubt), use "X said" or "X stated"。Always attribute opinions："According to [source]" or "[Source] explained that"。避免absolute statements without attribution。练习converting subjective statements to objective ones：'The controversial decision' → 'The decision, which [source] described as controversial'。模版：'[Authority] [neutral verb] that [factual statement], [neutral verb of explanation] that [attributed reason].'

虽然文章没有使用explicit rhetorical questions，但它通过presenting unresolved issues来create一种implicit questioning structure。第二段提到"a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation"，第五段说这个issue仍然"up in the air"。这种deliberately highlighting uncertainty和ongoing deliberation的approach引导readers去think about the complexity。文章不是present a neat conclusion，而是expose the process of decision-making和the tensions involved，这implicitly prompts readers to consider: What should be done? How should public and private research be regulated differently?

信号词 crucial question however have not yet reached agreement divided on whether still up in the air

仿写： 要use这个technique，identify the key unresolved elements of your story。Rather than hide uncertainty，explicitly acknowledge it using phrases like "the question remains", "still undecided", "up in the air", "have not yet reached agreement"。这requires你present both what is decided和what is still being debated。模版：'While [group] agreed on [resolved issue], they remained divided on [key unresolved question], whether [option A] or [option B].' Or: '[Authority] has addressed [aspect X], but the crucial question of [aspect Y] remains [status of uncertainty].'