懒笔记
2015年考研英语二真题 Section III The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By
Postgraduate · 来自 2015年考研英语二真题 · Section III · 英译汉（段落翻译）

The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By

2015年考研英语二真题文章逐层精读

心理学研究网站www.spring.org.uk 2013年6月一篇题为 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By(熟路效应:为何熟悉路线飞逝)的文章。

本页是 2015年考研英语二真题 Section III 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 156 词、3 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在考研英语二文章中占 22%），作者立场为「客观中立」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他考研英语真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2015年考研英语二真题 Section III 的英译汉（段落翻译）原文，共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By

Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.

The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2015年考研英语二真题 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Experience of a Familiar Journey

    A familiar route seems shorter because drivers pay little attention to it.

    对于全文而言，本段承担 phenomenon introduction 的作用：它先呈现“熟路为何感觉较短”的日常经验，为下一段命名该效应、再下一段解释 attention 和 memory 的机制作铺垫。

    熟路分心，行程显短
  2. P2

    Defining the Well-Travelled Road Effect

    The well-travelled road effect is the tendency to underestimate travel time on familiar routes.

    对于全文而言，本段起到 naming and defining 的枢纽作用：它把首段的日常体验提升为可讨论的心理学现象，并使第三段能够围绕 this effect 展开原因说明。

    术语界定现象
  3. P3

    How Reduced Attention Creates the Effect

    Reduced attention on familiar routes speeds perceived time and weakens memory, causing people to judge journeys as shorter.

    对于全文而言，本段是核心 explanation，它完整回答了文章主旨中的 why：known paths 上的 reduced attention 一方面改变当下的 time perception，另一方面削弱事后 memory，二者共同造成熟路行程较短的判断。

    分心弱忆，误判时长
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2015年考研英语二真题这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 route that's very familiar

    What is a likely result of driving a route that's very familiar?

    • A Drivers will pay more attention to the passing scenery.
    • B The actual time taken for the trip will decrease significantly.
    • C The travel time is perceived to be shorter than it really is.
    • D The route becomes more dangerous due to loss of concentration.
    • E Drivers tend to forget the way back to their home.
    • F Concentration on driving will be automatically enhanced.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项准确改写了原文的 perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has。选项保留 perceived 这一 subjective judgment，并用 shorter than it really is 对应 less time than it actually has。其障碍在于区分 perceived time 与 actual time，不能把主观估计误读为客观时长发生变化。

    锁定结论标记后的比较句 先以 route that's very familiar 对 第1段 进行 exact matching，再跳读该段的 conclusion marker。The consequence is 明确标出答案句，因此无需逐句分析全部 examples，只需把该标记后的 less time than it actually has 与选项进行 semantic alignment。正确项中的 perceived、shorter 和 really 分别保留了主观感知、时长比较与现实参照三个要素。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 well-travelled road effect

    The 'well-travelled road effect' is characterized by ________.

    • A an increase in the physical distance of a familiar route.
    • B a preference for taking unfamiliar routes to save time.
    • C the ability to memorize every detail of a journey.
    • D a tendency to underrate the duration of a journey on a known path.
    • E the accurate estimation of travel time for new routes.
    • F the exhaustion caused by long-distance driving.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项与原文 People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route 保持一致。tendency 对应 tend to，underrate 对应 underestimate，duration of a journey 对应 time it takes to travel，known path 对应 familiar route。选项通过多组 synonym substitution 提高识别难度，但没有改变原文的判断对象或方向。

    提取冒号后的定义三要素 采用 punctuation awareness，直接在 第2段 找到 well-travelled road effect 后的 colon。冒号在此承担 explain and define 的功能，因此只需提取冒号后的 tend to、underestimate time 和 familiar route 三个 semantic units，再检查哪个选项完整对应。正确项以 tendency、underrate duration 和 known path 完成同义改写。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 think back on it

    Why do we assume a journey was shorter when we think back on it?

    • A time actually flows faster on well-known routes.
    • B we have to focus more on the passing scenery.
    • C familiar routes are usually shorter in physical length.
    • D our attention is divided by complex traffic conditions.
    • E it is difficult for us to recall the details of the trip.
    • F we tend to drive faster when we are on a familiar road.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    原文先说明 we can't remember the journey well，随后用 So 引出 we assume it was shorter，因此记忆不清是该 assumption 的直接原因。正确项用 difficult to recall the details 改写 can't remember...well，保留了原文的 memory difficulty，同时把笼统的 journey memory 表达为 trip details，构成合理的 paraphrase。

    从So结论句向前回溯一层 以 think back on it 直接定位 第3段 的后半部分，然后采用 backward searching。题干询问 assume 的原因，而原文用 So 引出 assume it was shorter，因此只需向前回看与 So 紧邻的原因 clause。该 clause 中的 can't remember the journey well 与正确项的 difficult to recall the details 构成直接 paraphrase，无需重新分析整段机制。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    熟悉路线驾驶的现象描述

    这个 opening paragraph 通过 driving a familiar route 这个 relatable scenario 来引出现象。作者描述了当我们 drive down a well-known path 时会 lose concentration，导致我们 perceive 这段 trip 花费的 time 比 actual duration 要短。这种 everyday experience 为后文的 explanation 做铺垫。

    这个 introductory section 通过 concrete example 将 abstract concept 具象化。它 establishes 了一个 common experience，让 readers 能够 relate to the phenomenon，为后续 introduce 专业术语 well-travelled road effect 和 explain the mechanism 打下基础。这是 expository writing 中典型的 phenomenon-first approach。

    熟悉路线上的时间低估现象
  2. P2

    现象的命名与定义

    这个 brief paragraph 给前面描述的 phenomenon 一个 formal name：the well-travelled road effect。它用 concise definition 来 summarize 这个 effect 的 core characteristic：people underestimate travel time on familiar routes。这是从 descriptive narrative 到 conceptual framework 的 transition。

    这个 naming section 在说明文中起到 conceptual anchoring 的作用。它将 scattered observations 整合成一个 named phenomenon，使后续的 causal explanation 有了 clear reference point。短小精悍的 format 突出了 definition 的 importance，这是 expository structure 中的 key transitional element，连接 what happens 和 why it happens。

    well-travelled road effect的术语定义
  3. P3

    效应的因果机制解释

    这个 explanatory paragraph 深入 reveal 了 effect 背后的 cognitive mechanism。它从 attention allocation 的角度 explain：familiar routes require less concentration，导致 time flows more quickly 的 subjective feeling。更重要的是，它还 explain 了 memory formation 的 role：poor attention 导致 weak memories，最终 lead to assumption of shorter duration。这是完整的 causal chain。

    这个 mechanism section 是说明文的 explanatory core。它 answers the why question，通过 two-step causal chain（attention → time perception → memory → duration judgment）来 provide scientific understanding。这种 multi-layered explanation 是 expository writing 的 characteristic feature，它 transforms observed phenomenon into understood process，完成了说明文的 fundamental mission：explain how things work。

    注意力与记忆导致时间低估的因果机制
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2015年考研英语二真题 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他考研英语文章。

  1. 首段识别核心现象 P1

    说明文 expository writing 通常在 first paragraph 就会 introduce 核心现象，这篇文章在 第1段 通过 familiar route driving 的 example 引出话题，为后续的 explanation 做铺垫 set the stage

  2. 概念命名句识别 P2

    第2段 直接用 'This is the well-travelled road effect' 给现象 name and define，这是 expository text 的 hallmark feature，明确告诉读者 what is being explained，构成文章的 central focus

  3. 因果机制定位 P3

    第3段 开头的 'The effect is caused by...' 直接 explain the mechanism，说明文主旨不仅包括 what，还包括 why 和 how，这段提供了 cognitive explanation，是 main idea 的 essential component

  4. 三要素综合判断 P1 P2 P3

    说明文主旨 main thesis 的完整表述需要包含：what phenomenon exists (underestimate travel time)、what it's called (well-travelled road effect)、why it happens (reduced attention, weaker memories)。三者缺一不可才能 capture the full scope

主旨信号词 effect P2 caused by P3 tend to P2 underestimate P2

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

熟路效应解释了为什么人们会低估熟悉路线的行程时间。这是因为在熟悉的路径上注意力减少,使时间感觉过得更快,并形成较弱的记忆,从而导致对行程时长的感知变短。
The well-travelled road effect explains why people underestimate travel time on familiar routes. This occurs because reduced attention on known paths makes time feel faster and creates weaker memories, leading to the perception of shorter journey duration.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进考研英语高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • commute 通勤，上下班往返

    让我们把 clues 串联起来。首先，commute 出现在 driving context 中，specifically paired with to work。然后它被放在 a series of familiar routes 里，和 trip into town、way home 这些 regular journeys 并列。这些 contextual markers 共同指向一个结论：commute 描述的是 a regular journey，particularly the one between home and work。

    介词搭配+并列推理
  • scenery 风景，景色

    让我们 connect the dots。Scenery 是 passing 的，说明它和 movement 有关。它是你 pay attention to 或 ignore 的对象，说明它属于 visual perception。在 driving context 下，这必然指的是 the visual environment you pass through。所有 clues 汇聚到一点：scenery 就是 the landscape or views you see during travel。

    感知类型+运动关系
  • allocate 分配，分派

    让我们 synthesize these insights。从 morphology 看，allocate 包含 place/location 的概念。从 context 看，it's about how we distribute our attention—either concentrating much 或 not concentrating。这两条 evidence streams converge：allocate 表示 the act of distributing or assigning a resource（这里是 attention）to different places or tasks。

    构词+对比行为
  • underestimate 低估

    这是个 textbook example of converging evidence。Morphology 告诉我们 under + estimate = judge as less。Context 通过 definitional paraphrase 确认：underestimate the time 就是 perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has。两条线索 perfectly align，让我们对 inference 充满信心。

    词缀定向+上下文验证
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

4 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 举例子

    P1

    文章开篇通过 driving a route that's very familiar 这个 concrete example 来引入主题，specifically 列举了 commute to work、trip into town、way home 这三个 daily scenarios。这种 relatable examples 的使用让 abstract concept 瞬间变得 tangible，帮助 readers 快速 connect 自己的 personal experience，为后续解释 well-travelled road effect 建立了 solid foundation。通过这些 familiar situations，作者成功地让 theoretical phenomenon 落地到 readers 的 everyday life 中。

    信号词 for example for instance such as like it could be take... for example consider imagine think about

    仿写： 当你需要 explain 一个 abstract concept 时，先问自己：readers 在 daily life 中哪里会 encounter 这个现象？选择 3-5 个 representative scenarios，确保它们 cover different contexts 但都指向 same principle。模版：Think about [行为/场景]. It could be [例子1], [例子2] or [例子3]. Whichever it is, [共同特征]. 这个 structure 既提供了 variety 又保持了 unity，让 examples 形成 cumulative effect。

  • 下定义

    P2

    第二段使用了非常 explicit 的 definition structure，直接给出 well-travelled road effect 的 precise definition：People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route。这个 clear-cut definition 在 examples 之后出现，起到了 crystallizing the concept 的作用。Definition 采用 colon structure，left side 是 term，right side 是 complete explanation，这种 format 让 key concept 一目了然，为第三段的 mechanism explanation 提供了 definitional anchor。

    信号词 is defined as refers to means this is is called is known as can be defined as is a phenomenon where

    仿写： 写 definition 时遵循 'term: explanation' 的 classic format，确保 definition 本身是 self-contained statement。先明确 phenomenon 或 concept 的 name，然后用 one complete sentence 说明其 essential characteristic。模版：This is [术语名称]: [主体] tend to [核心行为/特征] when/because [关键条件]。注意 definition 应该 capture the essence without unnecessary details，把 elaboration 留给后续 paragraphs。

  • 作诠释

    P3

    第三段对 well-travelled road effect 进行了 detailed interpretation，解释了 underlying mechanism。通过 'The effect is caused by...' 开启 causal explanation，然后分层阐释：首先说明 attention allocation 的 role，接着解释 time perception 的变化，最后连接到 memory formation 和 final judgment。这种 step-by-step interpretation 把 surface phenomenon 和 cognitive processes 联系起来，让 readers 理解 not just what happens, but why it happens。Interpretation 使用了 'because'、'so'、'when' 等 logical connectives 来构建 causal chain。

    信号词 is caused by because the reason is this occurs because results from stems from is due to this happens when so therefore consequently

    仿写： 写 interpretation 时要构建 logical progression，从 immediate cause 到 ultimate effect。使用 causal language 如 because、so、consequently 来 establish connections。模版：[现象] is caused by [直接原因]. When [条件], [过程描述]. And afterwards, when [后续情况], [结果], because [深层原因]. So [最终结论]。关键是 layer your explanation，each sentence 在前一句基础上 add depth，forming a coherent causal narrative。

  • 打比方

    P1

    第一段用 'like the back of your hand' 这个 vivid simile 来形容对 route 的 familiarity。这个 metaphorical expression 非常 powerful，因为 'back of your hand' 是 universally recognized symbol of intimate knowledge。这个 comparison 不仅让 abstract concept of familiarity 变得 concrete，还 evoke sensory experience，帮助 readers instantly grasp the degree of familiarity being discussed。这种 figurative language 在 expository writing 中增加了 vividness 和 memorability。

    信号词 like as similar to resembles comparable to as... as just as reminiscent of

    仿写： 选择 comparisons 时要确保 reference point 是 widely understood 且 characteristic match 精准。使用 'like' 或 'as... as' 来构建 explicit comparisons。模版：[描述对象] like [熟悉事物] 或 as [形容词] as [熟悉事物]。关键是 picked comparison 要 instantly evoke the quality you want to convey，无需 additional explanation。Avoid obscure references；the best comparisons 利用 universal experiences 或 cultural common ground。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 熟悉路线导致注意力分散

    P1
    it's easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery

    情态词 easy to tend to likely to prone to inclined to apt to liable to

    这里的 easy to lose concentration 表面是说 lose focus 很容易发生，但 implication 是：这种 attention deficit 不是 accidental，而是 systematic 的。它为 well-travelled road effect 的 mechanism 做 groundwork。作者通过这个 implication 告诉读者：time perception distortion 的 root cause 在于 automatic processing 模式下的 reduced attention。这对 main idea 的 value 是 establish 了 causal chain 的 first link：familiarity → reduced attention → time distortion。

  • 时间感知扭曲的必然结果

    P1
    The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has

    因果类 The consequence is that As a result Therefore Thus Hence Consequently This leads to

    The consequence is that 这个 phrase 表面在 state 一个 result，但 underlying message 是：time distortion 不是 subjective feeling，而是 attention mechanism 的 predictable outcome。这个 implication strengthen 了 scientific validity of the explanation。对 article thesis 的 contribution 是：它 completes 了 observable phenomenon 的 description，为第二段 formal definition 和第三段 mechanism explanation 做好了 setup。没有这个 consequence statement，后续的 theoretical elaboration 就会 lack 一个 concrete reference point。

  • 现象的普遍性和规律性

    P2
    People tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route

    情态词 tend to are likely to generally typically usually often commonly

    Tend to underestimate 表面是说人们 have a tendency，但 implication 是：这是 cognitive psychology 领域的 documented pattern，不是 random behavior。这给 well-travelled road effect 赋予了 scientific credibility。对 main thesis 的 function 是：它 frame 了整个 phenomenon as a systematic cognitive bias，而不是 occasional misperception。这个 framing establishes 文章的 explanatory nature——我们不只是 describing what happens，更是 explaining why it happens as a general rule。

  • 注意力分配的认知机制

    P3
    because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly

    因果类 because since as due to owing to on account of for the reason that

    Because we don't have to concentrate much 表面 explain 了 time 为什么 flows more quickly，但 implication 是：这揭示了 attention 和 time perception 之间的 cognitive link。这个 because clause 实际上 introduce 了 dual-process theory 的 element：automatic processing（不需要 much concentration）导致 subjective time compression。对 article's main idea 的 significance 在于：它 provide 了 psychological mechanism，transform well-travelled road effect from descriptive phenomenon 到 explanatory theory。这让 thesis 更有 depth 和 persuasive power。

  • 记忆编码失败的连锁效应

    P3
    So we assume it was shorter

    因果类 So Therefore Thus Hence Accordingly For this reason That's why

    So we assume it was shorter 表面是说我们 make an assumption，但 implication 是：这个 assumption 不是 arbitrary，而是 memory deficit 的 rational inference。这里的 so 实际上 complete 了整个 causal narrative：familiarity → reduced attention → poor encoding → memory gap → duration underestimation。这个 implied complete mechanism 是 article 的 core explanatory value。对 thesis 的 contribution 是：它 show 了 well-travelled road effect 不是 single-factor phenomenon，而是 multi-stage cognitive process 的 outcome，这 deepen 了 explanation 的 sophistication 和 credibility。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：客观中立

结论先行：本文作者态度为客观中立（ Objective and explanatory）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 识别开篇引入方式 P1

    这个步骤能帮助我们 immediately distinguish 立即区分说明文和议论文。第一段用了 'Think about' 这种 inviting tone 邀请式语气，followed by 'The consequence is'，这是典型的 explanatory pattern 解释性模式，not argumentative 不是论证性的，说明作者在 objectively describe 客观描述，而不是 persuade 说服读者。

  2. 捕捉术语定义句式 P2

    第二段开头直接说 'This is the well-travelled road effect'，这是典型的 scientific naming 科学命名方式。作者在 label and define 标注和定义一个 psychological phenomenon 心理现象，这种 approach 方法显示出 objective and educational intent 客观和教育意图，rather than personal opinion 而非个人观点。

  3. 追踪因果解释链条 P3

    第三段用了 'The effect is caused by', 'because', 'So we assume' 这些 causal language 因果语言。作者在 systematically explain 系统性解释 how and why 如何以及为什么这个 effect occurs 效应发生，这是 pure explanation 纯粹解释，没有 value judgment 价值判断或 emotional coloring 情感色彩。

  4. 验证整体解释框架 P1 P2 P3

    这篇文章从头到尾 maintains 保持了 explanatory framework 解释性框架：invite readers to relate 邀请读者联系 → name the phenomenon 命名现象 → explain the mechanism 解释机制。没有出现 'we should', 'it's important to', 'unfortunately' 这类 subjective markers 主观标记。这种 consistent neutral presentation 一贯的中性呈现确认了 objective explanatory attitude 客观解释性态度。

文中的态度信号词

  • is P2

    动词 'is' 在 'This is the well-travelled road effect' 中起到 defining function 定义功能，这是 neutral descriptive verb 中性描述动词。它 simply states existence 仅陈述存在，without implying 不暗示 whether this effect is good or bad，showing 显示出 author's objective stance 作者的客观立场。

    同类词 are occurs happens exists represents

  • tend to P2

    短语 'tend to' 在 'People tend to underestimate' 中表达 general pattern 一般模式，not absolute rule 非绝对规则。这种 hedging language 模糊限制语显示 scientific caution 科学谨慎，是 objective academic writing 客观学术写作的 characteristic 特征，表明作者在 describe observable trends 描述可观察趋势 rather than make sweeping claims 而非做全面断言。

    同类词 often typically generally usually commonly

  • is caused by P3

    短语 'The effect is caused by' 建立了 clear causal relationship 清晰因果关系，这是 explanatory writing 解释性写作的 backbone 骨干。作者在 trace mechanism 追溯机制，not assess value 不评估价值，showing 显示 analytical rather than judgmental approach 分析性而非评判性方法，reinforcing 强化 objective attitude 客观态度。

    同类词 results from stems from arises from is due to is attributed to

  • because P3

    连接词 'because' 在 'because we don't have to concentrate much' 中提供 logical reasoning 逻辑推理。它 links observation to explanation 连接观察与解释，without emotional charge 没有情感色彩，purely serving 纯粹服务于 the explanatory function 解释功能，consistent with 与...一致 objective scientific exposition 客观科学阐述。

    同类词 since as for given that in that

  • we allocate P3

    短语 'the way we allocate our attention' 使用 general 'we' 泛指式'我们'来 refer to humans universally 普遍指代人类，not specific group 非特定群体。这种 inclusive pronoun 包容性代词 creates 创造 generalized description 概括性描述，typical of 典型于 scientific explanation 科学解释，where the focus is on 焦点在于 universal human cognition 普遍人类认知，maintaining 保持 detached objective tone 超然客观语气。

    同类词 people allocate individuals process humans perceive the brain processes attention shifts

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他考研英语 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文？

  1. 首句引入现象而非观点 P1

    说明文的首句通常是neutral and descriptive的，它introduce一个客观存在的phenomenon（比如driving a familiar route的experience）。议论文的opening往往present一个debatable claim或value judgment，新闻报道则focus on timely events with who/when/where elements。这篇文章用'Think about driving a route'来establish一个relatable scenario，这是典型的expository writing technique。

  2. 明确命名并定义现象 P2

    这篇文章在第2段明确给出'the well-travelled road effect'这个term，并provide一个concise definition。这是说明文的signature move：name the phenomenon然后explain it。议论文不会focus on定义一个现象，而是argue for或against某个position。新闻报道describe events但不create conceptual labels for general patterns。

  3. 解释现象的因果机制 P3

    第3段用'The effect is caused by'明确introduce causation，然后detailed explain the mechanism（attention allocation, time perception, memory）。说明文characteristic地dissect一个phenomenon into its components and causes。议论文即使mention原因，也是为了support一个argument，而不是purely为了explain。新闻报道may mention原因但不会deep dive into systematic explanation of mechanisms。

  4. 整体遵循解释性结构 P1 P2 P3

    这篇文章完整地follow了说明文的classic三段式architecture：第1段 describe the experience，第2段 name the effect，第3段 explain the mechanism。全文没有出现'we should'、'it's important that'等persuasive markers（议论文特征），也没有'yesterday'、'according to officials'等news reporting elements。The consistent purpose是explanation而不是argumentation或information delivery。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁？

  • Think about P1 说明对象引入词 Consider Imagine Take for example Let's look at Picture this
  • This is the well-travelled road effect P2 定义解释词 This is This phenomenon is called This is known as This is referred to as This effect is termed
  • The effect is caused by P3 因果关系说明词 This is because The reason is that This results from This happens because This is due to
  • When we travel P3 过程描述词 When we As we During While In the process of
  • because P3 原因阐释词 since as for given that due to the fact that
  • So P3 逻辑推演词 Therefore Thus Hence As a result Consequently
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

5 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By 的常见问题

2015年考研英语二真题 Section III 文章 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By 的原文出自哪里？
心理学研究网站www.spring.org.uk 2013年6月一篇题为 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By(熟路效应:为何熟悉路线飞逝)的文章。
2015年考研英语二真题文章 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By 的主旨是什么？
熟路效应解释了为什么人们会低估熟悉路线的行程时间。这是因为在熟悉的路径上注意力减少,使时间感觉过得更快,并形成较弱的记忆,从而导致对行程时长的感知变短。（英文表述：The well-travelled road effect explains why people underestimate travel time on familiar routes. This occurs because reduced attention on known paths makes time feel faster and creates weaker memories, leading to the perception of shorter journey duration.）
The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By（2015年考研英语二真题文章）是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为说明文，作者立场是客观中立（Objective and explanatory）。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 156 词、3 段；在考研英语二全部 94 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 21 篇（占 22%）。
2015年考研英语二真题文章 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By 的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群：第1段——熟悉路线驾驶的现象描述；第2段——现象的命名与定义；第3段——效应的因果机制解释。
The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By 一文的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是客观中立（Objective and explanatory）。判断路径：识别开篇引入方式 → 捕捉术语定义句式 → 追踪因果解释链条 → 验证整体解释框架；文中的态度信号词包括 is（第2段）、tend to（第2段）、is caused by（第3段）、because（第3段）、we allocate（第3段）。
2015年考研英语二真题文章 The Well-travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By 中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：commute（通勤，上下班往返）、scenery（风景，景色）、allocate（分配，分派）、underestimate（低估），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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