2011年考研英语一写作(大作文) · 题目、范文与解析
本页是 2011年考研英语一真题 写作 的写作真题页(图表 / 漫画大作文)—— 与试卷排版同一卷面:完整写作要求(Directions) 与真题配图(附中文图意) 连续排印 ,卷面下方直接给出参考范文(191 词)与整篇中译、逐段拆解,另附审题立意、谋篇句架与评分自检 。
写作题和范文
本页写作题面、参考范文与逐段解析由懒笔记基于2011年 考研英语一写作原卷整理。与试卷排版同一卷面:完整写作要求(Directions,含主题、文体、词数与署名约束)、真题配图连续排印。写作是生产性任务、无 ABCD 标准答案——题面即整道题;卷面下方直接给出满足全部硬约束的参考范文、整篇中译与逐段拆解。
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1)describe the drawing briefly,
2)explain its intended meaning, and
3)give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

【参考范文 · 191 词】写作无唯一标准答案,以下为达标示范
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, two tourists are enjoying a boat trip on a river. Instead of appreciating the scenery, they are casually throwing rubbish into the water, while the boatman rows on silently. Below them, the surface of the river is already covered with floating garbage-plastic bottles, watermelon rinds and fast-food boxes. The picture bears an ironic title, "The Leftovers of a Journey".
Simple as it is, the drawing conveys a thought-provoking message. What the tourists leave behind is not beautiful memories but a polluted environment. The cartoon aims to satirize the widespread lack of environmental awareness among some travelers, who selfishly pursue their own pleasure at the expense of nature. As tourism booms, such uncivilized behavior is turning our scenic spots into rubbish dumps.
In my view, this phenomenon deserves our serious attention. On the one hand, individuals should cultivate the habit of carrying their litter away rather than dumping it. On the other hand, the authorities ought to strengthen regulations and impose fines on offenders. Only when everyone acts responsibly can we truly enjoy the beauty of nature and leave our children a cleaner world.
【参考译文】
正如漫画所生动描绘的,两名游客正在河上享受泛舟之乐。他们非但没有欣赏沿途风景,反而漫不经心地把垃圾往水里丢,而船夫只是默默划着船。在他们下方,水面上早已漂满了垃圾——塑料瓶、西瓜皮和快餐盒。这幅画配有一个反讽的标题:《旅程之余》。
画面虽简单,寓意却发人深省。游客留下的不是美好的回忆,而是被污染的环境。漫画意在讽刺一些游客普遍存在的环保意识缺失,他们自私地追求自身享乐,却以牺牲自然为代价。随着旅游业的兴盛,这种不文明行为正把我们的景区变成垃圾场。
在我看来,这一现象值得我们高度重视。一方面,个人应养成把垃圾随身带走、而非随手乱丢的习惯;另一方面,有关部门应加强法规、对违规者处以罚款。唯有人人尽责,我们才能真正享受自然之美,并为子孙留下一个更洁净的世界。
【第 1 段】描述段落实客观三步。本段用'As is vividly depicted in the cartoon…'拉镜头总起,接'Instead of appreciating the scenery, they are casually throwing rubbish…'的转折凸显反差,再以'the surface of the river is already covered with…'补背景,全程一般现在时、只写事实不评价,完成 describe the drawing briefly。
【第 2 段】释义段把画面翻译成现象。本段以'Simple as it is, the drawing conveys a thought-provoking message'由浅入深过渡,再用'The cartoon aims to satirize the widespread lack of environmental awareness…'把丢垃圾这一动作抽象为社会现象,完成 explain its intended meaning,不再复述画面细节。
【第 3 段】评论段分层给对策。本段先'In my view, this phenomenon deserves our serious attention'亮立场,再用'On the one hand… On the other hand…'从个人与部门两层给建议,末句'Only when everyone acts responsibly can we…'展望收束,完成 give your comments。
这道题到底要写什么、立意是什么
动笔前先钉死本题的核心写作任务与读者语域、读懂配图 ,再定中心立意与要展开的要点 —— 这些是本题特有的内容判断,不是通用套路。
描述+释义+评论三连
本题是一篇 based on the following drawing 的图画短文,Directions 用三个并列动词把任务钉死:describe the drawing briefly(简要描述画面)、explain its intended meaning(阐释寓意)、give your comments(给出评论)。三件事缺一不可,且顺序即行文顺序——先描述、再释义、后评论。
面向阅卷人的正式书面语
本题无具体收信人,属大作文,读者就是阅卷老师。因此不用称呼、不用落款,通篇用第三人称客观陈述加末段第一人称表态,保持正式书面语域;忌口语缩略(gonna、kids)与网络用语,忌夹带 I think 反复啰嗦。
游客船上丢垃圾
画面第一层可写素材:一艘小船上有两个游客和一个船夫,游客正在往水里丢垃圾,且 水面上漂浮着大量的垃圾,包括瓶子、西瓜皮、快餐盒等等。第二层寓意的钥匙是标题'旅程之余'——'余'谐'游'又指'剩余/残余',暗示旅途留下的不是美景记忆而是满水的垃圾,直指部分游客环保意识缺失。
环保意识缺失须警醒
本篇中心:漫画讽刺部分游客在旅途中随手丢弃垃圾、环保意识淡薄,破坏了自然环境,这一现象值得全社会警醒并行动。
- 描述画面客观事实 第一层要点——如实写出船上游客往水里丢垃圾、水面已漂满 瓶子、西瓜皮、快餐盒等等,以及反讽标题,为下文释义铺事实底座。
- 引申环保意识淡薄之弊 第二层要点——把'丢垃圾'翻译成社会现象:随着旅游业兴盛,部分游客只顾自身享乐、无视公共环境,把景区变成垃圾场,折射出公民环保素养的缺位。
- 个人+管理双管齐下 第三层要点——给评论与对策:个人应养成随身带走垃圾的习惯;相关部门应加强监管与处罚。个人自律与制度约束并举,收束有力。
怎么分段、每段写什么、能套哪些句架
按写作家族给出现成的段落框架(每段承担什么功能),并为每段配可直接套用的 功能句架(留出填本题内容的空位)。段序与上方参考范文一一对应。
- 第 1 段 客观描述画面 用一般现在时如实呈现人物、动作、标题,完成 describe the drawing briefly,不提前下结论。
- 第 2 段 阐释象征寓意 由具体画面引申到抽象主旨,点明漫画讽刺的社会现象,完成 explain its intended meaning。
- 第 3 段 表态评论加对策 联系实际给出个人看法与建议,完成 give your comments,收束全文。
落点:两名游客在船上游玩却往水里丢垃圾,船夫默默划船;船下水面已漂满 瓶子、西瓜皮、快餐盒等等;点出反讽标题'旅程之余'。
- 拉镜头总起 As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, +(画面主体在做某事).
- 转折凸显反差 Instead of (本该做的事), they are +(实际在做的不当行为).
- 补充背景细节 Below them, the surface of the river is already covered with +(罗列画面里的垃圾).
落点:游客留下的不是美好记忆而是被污染的环境;漫画讽刺部分游客环保意识淡薄、只顾享乐而不顾公共环境,使景区沦为垃圾场。
- 由浅入深过渡 Simple as it is, the drawing conveys a thought-provoking message about +(现象主题).
- 点明讽刺意图 The cartoon aims to satirize +(被批评的行为/人群), who +(做了什么损害了什么).
- 揭示背景趋势 As +(某趋势)booms, such behavior is turning +(好的事物)into +(坏的结果).
落点:个人应养成随身带走垃圾的习惯,而非随手乱丢;部门应强化法规、对违规者罚款;唯有人人尽责,方能真正享受自然之美、给后代留下更洁净的世界。
- 亮明立场 In my view, this phenomenon deserves +(我们的态度/重视).
- 双层对策并列 On the one hand, individuals should +(个人对策); on the other hand, the authorities ought to +(管理对策).
- 条件式展望收束 Only when +(前提条件)can we +(美好结果).
本题在四个评分维度怎样算达标、容易在哪丢分
按阅卷四维(内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式)给出本题达标要点,并把最容易踩的低分写法摆出来 + 给改法 —— 这是写作版的「狠拆诱人错项」。
- 内容切题 三任务必须齐全 本题最忌只做 describe the drawing briefly 一件事而漏掉 explain its intended meaning 或 give your comments;且寓意须扣'环保/文明旅游',不可跑到'旅游业发展'等无关主题。
- 结构连贯 三段对应三动词 本题描述、释义、评论三段须与三个任务动词一一对应,别把评论提前塞进首段,也别让某段承担两件任务。
- 语言准确 描述统一现在时 本题描述游客动作须用现在时(are throwing / is covered),误用过去时是高频错;satirize、at the expense of、impose fines on 等词组要拼写、搭配到位。
- 字数格式 卡死160-200且分三段 本题须写成 160-200 words 的短文,低于或高于区间都扣分;分三段呈现,不写称呼落款。
- 首段堆细节挤掉寓意 反面示例:首段花七八句逐一描写船的颜色、游客的衣着、每一块西瓜皮,导致寓意只写'This is bad'一句、评论缺失。修正:首段精简为'游客在船上向水中丢垃圾,水面已漂满垃圾',腾出空间在第二、三段展开寓意与对策。
- 停在画面不点寓意 反面示例:第二段写成'We can see two people and a lot of garbage in the water. The water is very dirty.'——仍是描述。修正:'The cartoon reveals the alarming lack of environmental awareness among some tourists, who ruin natural beauty for momentary pleasure.'
- 万能开头不扣图 反面示例:开篇写'With the rapid development of modern society, many problems have appeared.'——不着一字于漫画。修正:'As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, two tourists are throwing rubbish into the river during their boat trip.'
常见问题
围绕本题的写作题目与要求、作文类型、配图说明、立意要点、参考范文、谋篇分段与评分丢分,逐条给出可核对的答案。
- 2011年考研英语一真题 写作的写作题目是什么?要求写多少字?
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- 2011年考研英语一真题 写作的漫画内容为:这是一幅黑白漫画,标题是“旅程之‘余’”。画面上方,一艘小船上有两个游客和一个船夫,游客正在往水里丢垃圾。画面下方是水面上漂浮着大量的垃圾,包括瓶子、西瓜皮、快餐盒等等。 就本题而言,画面第一层可写素材:一艘小船上有两个游客和一个船夫,游客正在往水里丢垃圾,且 水面上漂浮着大量的垃圾,包括瓶子、西瓜皮、快餐盒等等。第二层寓意的钥匙是标题'旅程之余'——'余'谐'游'又指'剩余/残余',暗示旅途留下的不是美景记忆而是满水的垃圾,直指部分游客环保意识缺失。
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- 按内容切题 / 结构连贯 / 语言准确 / 字数格式四维评分,本题达标要点:内容切题——本题最忌只做 describe the drawing briefly 一件事而漏掉 explain its intended meaning 或 give your comments;且寓意须扣'环保/文明旅游',不可跑到'旅游业发展'等无关主题;结构连贯——本题描述、释义、评论三段须与三个任务动词一一对应,别把评论提前塞进首段,也别让某段承担两件任务;语言准确——本题描述游客动作须用现在时(are throwing / is covered),误用过去时是高频错;satirize、at the expense of、impose fines on 等词组要拼写、搭配到位;字数格式——本题须写成 160-200 words 的短文,低于或高于区间都扣分;分三段呈现,不写称呼落款。 典型低分写法(须避免):反面示例:首段花七八句逐一描写船的颜色、游客的衣着、每一块西瓜皮,导致寓意只写'This is bad'一句、评论缺失。修正:首段精简为'游客在船上向水中丢垃圾,水面已漂满垃圾',腾出空间在第二、三段展开寓意与对策;反面示例:第二段写成'We can see two people and a lot of garbage in the water. The water is very dirty.'——仍是描述。修正:'The cartoon reveals the alarming lack of environmental awareness among some tourists, who ruin natural beauty for momentary pleasure.';反面示例:开篇写'With the rapid development of modern society, many problems have appeared.'——不着一字于漫画。修正:'As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, two tourists are throwing rubbish into the river during their boat trip.'。