2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part III Section B How to not be boring
CET-4 · 来自 2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 · Part III Section B · 长篇阅读(信息匹配)

How to not be boring

《如何变得不无聊》 —— 2021年12月英语四级真题第2套文章逐层精读

本文选自2019年2月7日刊登在 www.fastcompany.com(快速公司网站)上的一篇标题为“How to not be boring”(《如何变得不无聊》)的文章。

本页是 2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part III Section B 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 993 词、13 段,CEFR 难度 C1(C1 级在英语四级文章中占 32%),作者立场为「积极支持」;英文原文之外,本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开,其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法(篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判)随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号(P1)都可以点——点一下,原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段,解析引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文,你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

13 段英文原文

以下为2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part III Section B 的长篇阅读(信息匹配)原文,共 13 段。左侧 P1–P13 是段落编号——本页全部解析(结构、逐段、修辞、自检题)都以它为坐标回指原文,点击解析里的段号,原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮;合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态,不带翻译与标注。

How to not be boring

Humans are creatures of habit. We love to establish a routine and stick with it. Then we often put ourselves on auto-pilot. Routines can be incredibly useful in helping you get things done. However, too much of a routine can also make you incredibly boring. Nevertheless, many people live lives that are boringly predictable, or live a life where everything is outlined or planned.

To tell the truth, interesting people are more popular among their friends. If you don't arouse someone's curiosity or brighten someone's day, you probably come across as being a little bit dull. But that doesn't mean your life has ended and you can't do anything to change it. If you find yourself searching for something to say beyond small talk, try these tactics to find more interesting approaches to conversation.

Recently, I was at a gathering of colleagues when someone turned to me and asked, "So, what's new with you?" Ordinarily, I think I'm a good conversationalist. After all, it's literally my job to talk to people and tell their stories or share their advice. And that's not exactly an unexpected question. Still, the only "new-to-me" topics that came to mind were my daughter's basketball tournament(锦标赛) and my feelings about that morning's political headlines—neither amusing nor appropriate topics at that moment.

Oh, no, I thought. Have I become boring? But sharing our experiences in an authentic way to connect with other people is what makes us interesting, says associate professor Michael Pirson. The hesitation I felt in not sharing the ordinary things that were happening in my life, and the wild mental search for something more interesting, may have backfired and made me seem less interesting.

"If someone is making up some conversation that might be interesting, it's probably not going to land well," says Pirson, whose expertise includes trust and well-being, mindfulness, and humanistic management. "It's going to feel like a made-up conversation that people don't necessarily want to tune in to."

The most interesting people aren't those who've gone on some Eat, Pray, Love journey to find themselves. Instead, Pirson says, they're those who examine the ordinary. "Often, the 'boring things' may not be boring at all. Maybe they are actually little miracles," he says. Share your observations about the world around you—interesting stories you heard or things you noticed—and you may be surprised by the universal connection they inspire.

This is essentially how Jessica Hagy starts her day. The author of How to Be Interesting: An Instruction Manual, Hagy spends a lot of time thinking about what's interesting to her. People who are interesting are persistently curious, she says.

Think about the everyday things around you and ask questions about them. What is that roadside monument I see on my way to work every day? Who built that interesting building in my city? What nearby attractions haven't I visited? Why do people do things that way? Use what you find to ask more questions and learn more about the world around you. "Having that sort of curiosity is almost like a protective gear from getting into boredom," she says. And when you find things that are truly interesting to you, share them.

Television veteran Audrey Morrissey, executive producer of NBC's The Voice, is always looking for what will make a person or story interesting to viewers: It's usually a matter of individuality. "Having a strong point of view, signature style, or being a super-enthusiast in a particular field makes someone interesting," she says. That means embracing what is truly interesting or unique about yourself. "Many people are 'not boring' in the way that they can carry a conversation or can be good at a social gathering, etc. To be interesting means that you have lived life, taken risks, traveled, sought out experience to learn for yourself and share with others," she says.

Of course, it's possible to be a fountain of knowledge and a boring person, says public relations consultant Andrea Pass. Paying attention to the listener is an important part of having a conversation that's interesting to both parties. Talking on and on about what's interesting to you isn't going to make you an interesting person, she says.

"If the listener is not paying attention, it's your sign to shorten the story or change direction. Make sure to bring the audience into the conversation so that it is not one-sided," Pass says. Be a better listener yourself, and give others opportunities to participate in the conversation by inviting them with questions or requests to share their own experiences or thoughts. (e.g., "Now, tell me about your favorite book," or "Have you ever been to that attraction?") Questions are a powerful tool, especially when they encourage others to disclose information about themselves. A 2012 study from the University of California, Santa Barbara, found that roughly 40% of the time we are talking, we're disclosing subjective information about our experience. And when we're doing so, our brains are more engaged. So one strategy to leave others with the impression that you're a sparkling conversation partner is to get others to talk about themselves.

Being relatable is also essential, Morrissey says. "The best entertainment and storytelling comes from people who are relatable-those who don't shy away from opening up but freely share who they are and what they care about. These are the people viewers most relate to and find interesting. Being authentic, honest, and vulnerable is always interesting."

I have now come to realize that being boring, in actuality, is not only about who you are as a person, but also how you present yourself. No matter what, make sure you are having fun in life. Because when you are enjoying, people around you will begin to enjoy as well. Show some interest in them and they will definitely show some in you. If you are a very reserved person, this could be a little difficult at first. But with a little effort, you can definitely improve.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

13 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读,并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    The Danger of Too Much Routine

    Excessive routine can make life predictable and boring.

    本段承担文章的 problem-setting 功能:它从 routine 的便利性切入,再指出 boring 的根源,为后文提出 how to be interesting 的具体策略铺垫。

    抓转折后果
  2. P2

    A Guide to More Interesting Conversations

    The article introduces conversational strategies for becoming more interesting.

    本段把首段的生活乏味问题转化为可改善的社交沟通问题,并搭建全文主体部分的总框架:怎样在交谈中显得 interesting。

    识别策略预告
  3. P3

    An Awkward Moment at a Gathering

    The writer's awkward experience reveals anxiety about seeming boring in conversation.

    本段以第一人称经历增强文章的 relatable quality,并自然引出下一段的关键追问:为了避免无聊而刻意寻找话题,是否反而适得其反。

    由故事找困境
  4. P4

    Authenticity Makes Conversation Engaging

    Authentic sharing of ordinary experiences is more engaging than forced attempts to sound interesting.

    本段修正了人们对 interesting 的误解:有趣不等于制造惊人素材,而在于 authentic communication;它开启了全文的第一项核心建议。

    对照真实与刻意
  5. P5

    Why Forced Conversation Fails

    Artificial conversation fails because listeners can sense its lack of authenticity.

    本段进一步论证上一段的观点,明确否定 fake conversation,为下一段倡导从 ordinary life 中发现意义形成逻辑上的反衬。

    压缩引语结论
  6. P6

    Find Wonder in the Ordinary

    People become interesting by noticing and sharing the wonder in ordinary life.

    本段把 authenticity 的原则落实为具体内容来源:日常观察。它告诉读者,interesting material 并不稀缺,关键在于是否善于发现。

    抓住替代主张
  7. P7

    Curiosity as a Daily Habit

    Persistent curiosity is a defining quality of interesting people.

    本段承上启下:它用 Hagy 的做法印证上一段,并提炼出 curiosity 这一品质,为下一段的具体发问和探索提供理论依据。

    人物例子归观点
  8. P8

    Use Questions to Defeat Boredom

    Ask questions about everyday life to cultivate curiosity and generate interesting things to share.

    本段将 curiosity 从抽象品质转化为可执行的学习路径,直接回应文章 how to not be boring 的任务:观察、提问、学习、分享。

    归纳问题清单
  9. P9

    Embrace Your Individuality

    Individuality, distinctive passions, and lived experiences make a person interesting.

    本段扩展了文章的论证维度:有趣既来自对外部世界的 curiosity,也来自对自我特质和人生经验的真诚展现。

    辨析概念差异
  10. P10

    Interesting Conversation Is Two-Way

    Being interesting requires attending to the listener, not merely displaying knowledge.

    本段是论述重心的重要转移:前文主要讨论如何积累有趣内容,本段开始强调交流效果取决于 listener 的感受。

    识别片面纠正
  11. P11

    Make Others Part of the Conversation

    Engaging conversation depends on listening, inviting participation, and asking questions that encourage self-disclosure.

    本段提供全文最具体的 conversation strategy,并用科学研究增强可信度;它表明真正 sparkling 的交谈者,善于让别人感到被倾听和被邀请。

    串联建议与证据
  12. P12

    Be Open, Honest, and Relatable

    Authentic openness and vulnerability make people relatable and interesting.

    本段回扣前文的 authenticity,并从谈话技巧上升到人格呈现:有趣的根本不在于炫耀,而在于使他人能够 relate to 真实的你。

    锁定关键判断词
  13. P13

    Enjoy Life and Connect with Others

    People can become more engaging by enjoying life, showing interest in others, and improving how they present themselves.

    本段收束全文,重申避免 boring 既需要 genuine curiosity、authentic sharing 和倾听他人,也需要积极生活、主动练习;它把前文建议转化为可持续的 personal growth。

    提炼结尾行动号召
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

13 道逐段细节自检题

针对2021年12月英语四级真题第2套这篇原文,每段配 1 道细节题( 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ,由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制,非试卷原题)。 选项默认中性;点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法,现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 routines

    What does the author say about routines?

    • A They are always beneficial for getting things done.
    • B They cause people to live on auto-pilot deliberately.
    • C They can be useful but too much of them makes one boring.
    • D They make life predictable and thus enjoyable.
    • E People with routines are never boring.
    • F Too many routines lead to complete chaos.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    该选项概括了原文第一段两个关键信息:Routines can be incredibly useful和too much of a routine can also make you incredibly boring,用but连接体现了转折关系,完全符合作者的辩证观点。正确项设置了useful与boring的contrast,障碍在于部分学生可能只关注前半部分或后半部分,忽略了but前后平衡。

    抓转折点后信息综合 在时间最紧张时,首先利用题干中的专有名词routines快速scan原文第一段 第1段,看到routines出现。然后重点关注该段转折词however后面的内容“too much of a routine can also make you incredibly boring”。将这一核心negative信息与前面的positive信息incredibly useful快速结合,就能匹配出同时包含useful和boring的选项,直接选出正确项,从而绕过其他细节干扰。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 small talk

    What advice does the author give to those who struggle with small talk?

    • A Avoid conversations altogether.
    • B Just share personal stories regardless of the context.
    • C Focus on asking questions to others.
    • D Try tactics to find more interesting approaches to conversation.
    • E Be a good listener.
    • F Stick to routine topics.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    原文说try these tactics to find more interesting approaches to conversation,选项几乎原词复现,只将these tactics泛化为try tactics,完全对应。正确项设置的障碍在于学生可能忽略these tactics的指代,但选项直接提取了核心建议。

    目的不定式直接出答案 扫描题干small talk,直接定位到第二段最后一句。观察try these tactics后面紧跟着的目的不定式to find more interesting approaches to conversation,直接把这个phrase作为正确项的同义转述,选出包含find more interesting approaches的选项,即可快速得分。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 what's new

    What was the author’s reaction when asked “what’s new” at a gathering?

    • A She immediately came up with a great story.
    • B She felt excited to share political headlines.
    • C She started talking about her job as a conversationalist.
    • D She asked the colleague about their day instead.
    • E She could only think of uninteresting or unsuitable topics.
    • F She thought the question was unexpected.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    原文说the only 'new-to-me' topics that came to mind were my daughter's basketball tournament and my feelings about that morning's political headlines—neither amusing nor appropriate. 选项中的uninteresting对应not amusing, unsuitable对应not appropriate,概括accurate。正确项通过paraphrase设置了理解障碍。

    盯紧否定评价词 利用引语“what's new”快速定位第三段开头,直接阅读该问句后的内容,看到the only...topics...were... neither amusing nor appropriate。把握neither amusing nor appropriate这个关键negative评价,直接寻找选项中含有not interesting/unsuitable等negative意义的词,即可确定正确项。

  4. 第 4 段 定位词 Michael Pirson

    According to Michael Pirson, what makes a person interesting?

    • A Going on adventurous journeys.
    • B Telling amusing jokes.
    • C Avoiding ordinary topics.
    • D Being unpredictable.
    • E Having a lot of knowledge.
    • F Sharing experiences in an authentic way to connect with other people.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文直接引用But sharing our experiences in an authentic way to connect with other people is what makes us interesting,正确项几乎照搬原句,只是稍作简化。正确项的障碍在于authentic way可能被误解为其他方式。

    引语核心名词复现 通过人名Michael Pirson直接定位第四段,找到says之后的内容,关注到makes us interesting前面的部分:sharing our experiences in an authentic way to connect with other people。将此作为answer sentence,快速匹配选项中包含sharing experiences和authentic等key words的选项。

  5. 第 5 段 定位词 made-up conversations

    What does Pirson say about made-up conversations?

    • A They likely won't be well received and feel inauthentic.
    • B They are more interesting than real stories.
    • C They can be useful in some situations.
    • D They are acceptable if well-crafted.
    • E They help people connect better.
    • F They are the key to good conversation.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:A

    原文说probably not going to land well和feel like a made-up conversation that people don't necessarily want to tune in to,选项中的won't be well received对应not going to land well,inauthentic对应feel like a made-up。正确项通过synonym substitution设置理解门槛。

    口语短语land well贬义 用made-up conversation作为keyword定位到第五段,直接看Pirson的评价语:is probably not going to land well和feel like a made-up conversation that people don't necessarily want to tune in to。提取land well(受欢迎)的否定和made-up(虚假)的repetition,快速锁定同时含有not well received和inauthentic之类的选项。

  6. 第 6 段 定位词 ordinary

    According to the author, what kind of people are truly interesting?

    • A Those who have traveled a lot.
    • B Those who examine the ordinary and share their observations.
    • C Those who find themselves through journeys.
    • D Those who avoid routine.
    • E Those who talk about miracles.
    • F Those who only discuss fascinating stories.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:B

    原文先后提到examine the ordinary和share your observations,正确项将两者merge,完整概括了该段对most interesting people的definition。障碍在于share observations在后面一句,考生可能忽略。

    跳过否定找并列 看到题干中的truly interesting,联想到原文的most interesting,定位到第六段首句。直接skip negation部分,找到instead后的they're those who examine the ordinary。再速读后一句Share your observations,将两者合并,选择同时包含examine ordinary和share observations的选项,即正确项。

  7. 第 7 段 定位词 Jessica Hagy

    What does Jessica Hagy believe about interesting people?

    • A They are naturally talented at conversation.
    • B They read many instruction manuals.
    • C They are persistently curious.
    • D They start their day by thinking about what’s interesting to them.
    • E They are experts in specific fields.
    • F They are more social.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原句直接引用,curious与题干trait匹配。正确项没有任何rewriting,障碍是persistently可能被误解,但其实原文如此。

    人物引语尾句点睛 利用人名Jessica Hagy定位第七段,直接找到引语的last sentence:People who are interesting are persistently curious。将persistently curious这四个words作为answer key,匹配选项即可。

  8. 第 8 段 定位词 curiosity

    According to Hagy, how does curiosity function in one's life?

    • A It makes one seem knowledgeable.
    • B It leads to more interesting questions.
    • C It replaces the need for routines.
    • D It acts as a protection against boredom.
    • E It guarantees an interesting life.
    • F It helps you find roadside monuments.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:D

    原文中protective gear from getting into boredom直译就是protection against boredom,正确项用act as a protection against boredom来概括,是同义改写。障碍在于gear这个词的转义。

    比喻装备转防护作用 用curiosity定位第八段末尾比喻句,看到protective gear from getting into boredom,快速将gear转换为protection,from后接boredom。匹配包含protection和boredom或同义表达的选项,直接得到正确项。

  9. 第 9 段 定位词 Audrey Morrissey

    What does Audrey Morrissey think makes a person interesting?

    • A Being a television veteran.
    • B Working for NBC's The Voice.
    • C Traveling extensively and taking risks.
    • D Carrying a conversation well.
    • E Having a strong point of view, signature style, or being a super-enthusiast.
    • F Having a lot of followers on social media.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:E

    直接取原文原句。障碍在于列举多项,考生可能只记得其中一项而错选片面的选项。但这里直接三项全给出。

    取直接引语列举项 用人名定位第九段,看到她直接引语Having a strong point of view, signature style, or being a super-enthusiast... makes someone interesting。直接取这个enumeration部分作为answer,ignore后面extension,选择包含至少两个以上列举项的选项。

  10. 第 10 段 定位词 Andrea Pass

    According to Andrea Pass, what is crucial for being interesting in a conversation?

    • A Being a fountain of knowledge.
    • B Sharing all your knowledge.
    • C Talking about interesting topics.
    • D Using humor.
    • E Asking many questions.
    • F Paying attention to the listener and avoiding monologues about oneself.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:F

    原文说Paying attention to the listener is an important part和Talking on and on about what's interesting to you isn't going to make you an interesting person。正确项概括了关注listener和避免self-centered talk两方面。障碍在于第二点implied在否定句中。

    找重要部分+否定独白 定位Pass,捕捉Paying attention to the listener is an important part这个main clause,再结合后面的Talking on and on... isn't going to make you an interesting person,得出必须listen且avoid self-talk。匹配包含listener和avoiding self-centered的选项。

  11. 第 11 段 定位词 listener

    What does the author suggest doing when the listener seems disengaged?

    • A Shorten the story, change direction, or involve the listener with questions.
    • B Continue talking until they respond.
    • C End the conversation immediately.
    • D Ask the listener to pay attention.
    • E Talk about your own experiences more.
    • F Change the topic to something funny.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:A

    原文中it's your sign to shorten the story or change direction和后面bring the audience into the conversation... inviting them with questions。正确项将两者merge,概括complete。障碍在于这些suggestions分散在两句中。

    条件句后主祈使合并 用listener not paying attention定位condition clause,直接看其后的main clause it's your sign to shorten the story or change direction,再扫读后面的Make sure to bring the audience into the conversation,将两者core action撮合。选择包含shorten/change和involve/listener的选项。

  12. 第 12 段 定位词 being relatable

    According to Morrissey, what quality makes storytelling compelling and interesting?

    • A Having a dramatic life.
    • B Being relatable and authentic, sharing true self.
    • C Being a professional storyteller.
    • D Using elaborate language.
    • E Avoiding vulnerability.
    • F Focusing on positive aspects only.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:B

    原文点出relatable和authentic, honest, vulnerable,正确项summarize为relatable and authentic, sharing true self。概括到位。障碍在于多个synonym需整合。

    essential后提取核心形容词 用Morrissey和essential定位到Being relatable is also essential,紧接着explanation that don't shy away from opening up but freely share...,加上后句Being authentic, honest, and vulnerable is always interesting。提取relatable和authentic,组合成正确项。

  13. 第 13 段 定位词 present yourself

    What realization does the author reach about being boring?

    • A Boring people cannot change.
    • B Being reserved is the main cause of boredom.
    • C It is about both one's personality and how one presents oneself, and having fun matters.
    • D Showing interest in others makes you boring.
    • E It is solely about presentation.
    • F Having fun is irrelevant.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案:C

    原文not only about who you are... but also how you present yourself,还有make sure you are having fun。正确项将这两层meaning合并。障碍在于having fun可能被忽略。

    结论not only...but also+fun 用come to realize定位最后一段开头,看到being boring... is not only about who you are... but also how you present yourself,再看到No matter what, make sure you are having fun。组合这两个core information:dual aspects和fun的重要性。选择相应选项。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

10 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群,每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇,能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. 引出问题:过度routine导致boring

    这个opening意群通过contrast对比手法,先acknowledge承认routines的usefulness实用性,然后用however转折指出problem核心问题:too much routine会make people boring无趣,many people过着predictable可预测的life生活

    作为expository text说明文的introduction引入部分,这个意群establish建立了整篇文章要address解决的central problem中心问题,为后续explain解释如何avoid being boring做铺垫,符合problem-solution结构的opening特征

    提出待解决的核心问题
  2. 阐明立场:interesting people更受欢迎且有改变方法

    这个意群establish确立了author's stance作者立场,通过comparison比较指出interesting people在social context社交语境中more popular更受欢迎,然后用encouraging tone鼓励语气表明situation可以change改变,最后offer提供solution direction解决方向:find寻找more interesting approaches方法来conversation对话

    作为说明文的thesis statement主旨陈述部分,这个意群bridge桥接了problem问题和upcoming solutions即将到来的解决方案,它clarify澄清了为什么readers读者应该care关心这个topic话题,同时preview预示了文章将provide提供practical tactics实用策略

    确认问题重要性并预告解决路径
  3. 具体案例:作者自身的boring经历

    这个意群通过personal anecdote个人轶事,描述author作者在social gathering社交聚会中面对simple question简单问题时的awkward尴尬situation情况,unable to find无法找到interesting topics有趣话题来respond回应,从而illustrate说明了前面提到的boring现象在real life真实生活中的manifestation表现

    作为说明文的exemplification举例说明部分,这个意群通过concrete example具体例子make abstract concept抽象概念变得tangible可感知,help帮助readers理解what being boring actually looks like在实际中是什么样子,这是expository writing中typical典型的illustrative strategy说明策略

    用真实场景示范问题表现
  4. 引入专家观点:真实分享才有趣

    这个意群通过author's self-reflection作者自我反思引出expert opinion专家观点,Professor Pirson教授指出sharing experiences分享经历in authentic way真实方式才能make us interesting让我们有趣,hesitation犹豫和mental search心理搜寻反而backfire适得其反,establish确立了authenticity真实性这个key principle关键原则

    作为说明文solution exposition解决方案阐述的beginning开端,这个意群introduce引入了first major principle第一个主要原则,通过combine结合personal reflection和expert authority专家权威来establish建立credibility可信度,这是expository text中typical典型的solution presentation strategy方案呈现策略

    提出第一个核心方法
  5. 深化观点:关注平凡事物的价值

    这个意群继续develop发展authenticity真实性这个theme主题,通过contrast对比指出most interesting people最有趣的人不是those who've gone on journeys去旅行的人,而是those who examine the ordinary审视平凡的人,Pirson强调boring things无聊事物可能actually be miracles实际上是奇迹,share observations分享观察能inspire激发universal connection普遍连接

    这个意群serve充当着elaboration阐述功能,它deepen深化了前一个意群establish确立的authenticity principle真实性原则,通过provide提供more specific guidance更具体指导(关注ordinary things平凡事物)来make抽象concept变得actionable可操作,符合说明文的progressive exposition渐进式说明特征

    阐释真实性的具体表现
  6. 实例与方法:保持好奇心的具体做法

    这个意群introduce引入another expert另一位专家Jessica Hagy,通过her daily practice她的日常实践来illustrate说明curiosity好奇心的importance重要性,然后provide提供具体的actionable steps可操作步骤:ask questions about everyday things对日常事物提问,use findings使用发现来explore further进一步探索,share分享what you find你发现的东西

    这个意群introduce引入了second major solution第二个主要解决方案,它shift转变从authenticity真实性到curiosity好奇心,通过combine结合expert example专家例子和practical guidance实用指导来provide提供comprehensive全面的how-to instruction操作指南,体现说明文的instructional nature指导性特质

    提出第二个核心方法
  7. 补充视角:展现独特性和真实自我

    这个意群通过TV producer电视制作人Audrey Morrissey的professional perspective专业视角,emphasize强调individuality个性的importance重要性,指出having strong point of view拥有强烈观点、signature style独特风格、being super-enthusiast成为超级爱好者会make someone interesting让人有趣,核心是embracing拥抱what is unique about yourself关于自己独特的东西

    这个意群introduce引入了third dimension第三个维度的solution,从media professional媒体专业人士角度来explain解释什么makes people interesting让人有趣,它complement补充了前面的authenticity和curiosity,通过add添加individuality个性这个element元素来create创造more complete更完整的solution framework解决方案框架

    提出第三个核心方法
  8. 关键提醒:注重倾听和互动

    这个意群通过PR consultant公关顾问Andrea Pass引入critical qualifier关键限定条件,指出being knowledgeable知识渊博并不sufficient足够,paying attention to listener关注听众和creating two-way conversation创造双向对话才是essential必要的,emphasize强调要be better listener成为更好的倾听者,use questions使用问题来invite others邀请他人participate参与

    这个意群serve充当着critical balance关键平衡的功能,它prevent防止readers误解previous solutions前面的解决方案为one-sided self-expression单向自我表达,通过introduce引入conversational reciprocity对话互惠这个principle原则来ensure确保solution的completeness完整性,体现说明文的comprehensive coverage全面覆盖特征

    提出第四个核心方法
  9. 强化核心:真实和关联性的重要性

    这个意群return回归到本质,通过Morrissey再次emphasize强调being relatable有共鸣感和authentic真实的essential重要性,指出best storytelling最好的叙事来自those who openly share公开分享的people,being vulnerable脆弱也是interesting有趣的,reinforce强化了authenticity真实性作为fundamental core根本核心的地位

    这个意群perform执行synthesis综合功能,它circle back回到最fundamental最根本的principle,通过reiterate重申authenticity和relatability来tie together串联起前面的multiple solutions多个解决方案,体现说明文中typical典型的thematic reinforcement主题强化策略

    重申核心价值
  10. 总结与鼓励:如何呈现自己并享受生活

    这个concluding意群通过author's personal realization作者个人领悟来summarize总结core message核心信息,指出being boring不only about只关于who you are而且about how you present yourself如何呈现自己,emphasize强调having fun享受乐趣和showing interest展现兴趣的importance重要性,以encouraging note鼓励语气结束,认为with effort通过努力definitely can improve肯定能改善

    作为说明文的conclusion结论部分,这个意群synthesize综合了entire article整篇文章的key insights关键洞察,through personal voice个人声音来deliver传递final takeaway最终要点,并provide提供motivational closure激励性收尾,完成从problem到solution的complete expository arc完整说明弧线

    总结行动要点
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

5 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 5 步按2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出,每步说明看哪里、看出什么,可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 标题定方向首段明问题 P1

    Title 直接点明了 topic 是 "HOW TO NOT BE BORING",这是一个 how-to 类型的说明文标志。第1段 提出了 central issue:routines 虽然 useful 但会让人 boring,且很多人 live boringly predictable lives。这就确立了文章要解决的 problem statement,说明文的主旨通常围绕 solving a problem 或 explaining a phenomenon 展开。

  2. 转折词引出解决路径 P2

    第2段 出现了关键的 transitional phrase "But that doesn't mean...you can't do anything to change it" 和 actionable suggestion "try these tactics"。这段 shifts from problem to solution,表明文章主旨是 prescriptive (给出建议)。Interesting people are more popular 这个 statement 暗示了 solution direction:become more interesting。

  3. 第3段-第12段 通过 personal anecdote (author's experience)、expert quotes (Pirson, Hagy, Morrissey, Pass)、和 research citation (2012 study) 来 elaborate on solutions。每段都在 explaining specific tactics:share authentic experiences (第4段-6)、be curious (第7段-8)、embrace individuality (第9段)、listen actively (第10段-11)、be relatable (第12段)。这些 parallel structures 表明主旨是 multi-faceted solution。

  4. 结尾呼应主题升华 P13

    第13段 以 "I have now come to realize" 开头,是典型的 concluding reflection。核心句 "being boring...is not only about who you are...but also how you present yourself" 和 "make sure you are having fun in life" 总结了全文:通过 cultivating genuine engagement 和 authentic presentation 来 avoid being boring。这 confirms 了主旨不是单一 tactic 而是 comprehensive approach。

  5. 综合以上步骤,主旨包含四个 essential components:(1) the problem - being boring due to routine; (2) the core solution - cultivate genuine curiosity and authenticity; (3) specific methods - share experiences, ask questions, listen actively, embrace uniqueness; (4) the underlying principle - authentic engagement rather than artificial performance。这些 elements 共同构成 complete thesis。

主旨信号词 boring P1 interesting P2 authentic P4 curiosity P2 share P2 listen P10 questions P8 routine P1

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

这篇说明文阐释了如何避免无趣:培养对日常生活的真诚好奇心,分享真实经历,积极倾听他人,提出有吸引力的问题,并拥抱自己独特的观点,而非制造虚假对话或僵化地遵循常规。
This expository article explains how to avoid being boring by cultivating genuine curiosity about everyday life, sharing authentic experiences, actively listening to others, asking engaging questions, and embracing one's unique perspectives rather than manufacturing artificial conversations or rigidly following routines.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

5 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典,只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • arouse 激起、唤起、引发

    现在我们把这些 clues 串起来:首先,interesting vs. dull 的 contrast 告诉我们 arouse 是个 positive action;其次,parallel structure 中 brighten 和 arouse 的对应关系说明它们功能相似,都是产生积极影响;最后,causation logic 确认了 arouse curiosity 能让人不 dull,必然是激发、引起好奇心的意思。三条 clues converge 到同一个 conclusion:arouse 表示激起、唤起、引发。

    语义场对比+句法平行+因果倒推
  • backfire 产生事与愿违的效果、适得其反

    让我们 connect the dots:第一条线索揭示了 intention-outcome reversal,作者想 appear interesting 却 seem less interesting;第二条线索通过 and 连接的 consequence 确认了 negative result;第三条线索用 expert's opinion 进一步 validate 了这种 counterproductive effect。Three clues 共同指向一个 conclusion:backfire 表示事与愿违、适得其反、产生反效果。

    意图-结果-落差三层分析法
  • sparkle 闪耀、闪烁(引申为生气勃勃的、妙趣横生的、充满活力的)

    我们来 synthesize 这些 evidence:首先,context 告诉我们 sparkling 是 positive quality in conversation;其次,metaphorical connection 显示 sparkle/light imagery 通常 represent liveliness and energy;最后,strategy-outcome relationship 确认了 sparkling partner 就是能让对方 engaged 的人。这三条 lines 汇聚到一个 meaning:sparkle 表示闪耀、闪烁,引申为生气勃勃的、妙趣横生的、充满活力的。

    感官词汇的隐喻迁移三步法
  • veteran 老手、经验丰富的人、资深人士

    让我们 integrate the evidence:职位描述显示 veteran 与 high-level professional status 相关;篇章中的 expert citation pattern 确认了 veteran 表示 authority 和 expertise;词组结构分析揭示了 long-term involvement 的含义。三条 clues 共同指向:veteran 表示(在某领域)经验丰富的人、老手、资深人士。

    语境-话语-结构三角验证法
  • vulnerable 脆弱的、易受伤的(引申为愿意展现真实自我的、不设防的)

    现在我们 connect the reasoning chain:首先,parallel structure 告诉我们 vulnerable 和 authentic, honest 同属 positive relatable qualities;其次,opening up 和 freely sharing 的 description 揭示了 vulnerable 与 self-disclosure 的 connection;最后,relatable context 确认了 vulnerable 表示愿意展示 unguarded, personal side。综合判断:vulnerable 表示脆弱的、易受伤的,但在此 context 中转化为愿意坦诚展现真实自我的、不设防的。

    语用框架重构词义倾向
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

6 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认,也能写。

  • 举例子

    P3

    作者 narrates 自己在 gathering 上被问到 "what's new" 时的 awkward moment,具体提到 daughter's basketball tournament 和 political headlines 这两个 ordinary topics。这个 personal anecdote 让抽象的 "boring" concept 变得 concrete and relatable,directly demonstrates 文章的 core argument:authentic sharing of ordinary experiences 比 manufactured interesting topics 更能 connect with others。通过 self-deprecating storytelling,作者 establishes credibility 并引出 Professor Pirson 的 expert opinion。

    信号词 for example for instance such as recently once I remember when take... as an example to illustrate consider the case of

    仿写: 当你想 explain 一个 abstract principle 时,问自己:能否 recall 一个 personal experience 或 observed scenario 来 demonstrate this point?仿写时注意:(1) 选择 relatable situations 而非 extraordinary events;(2) 包含 sensory details 和 inner thoughts 增强 authenticity;(3) 确保 example 直接 supports 你的 main argument。模板:「Recently, I [specific situation]. Ordinarily, I [normal expectation]. Still, [unexpected reality]. This made me realize [connection to thesis].」

  • 引资料

    P4 P5 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12

    文章 strategically quotes 多位 experts:associate professor Michael Pirson (mindfulness and humanistic management specialist)、Jessica Hagy (author of How to Be Interesting)、Audrey Morrissey (executive producer of The Voice)、Andrea Pass (public relations consultant)。这些 authoritative voices 从 academic research、creative industry、entertainment production、communication strategy 等 multiple perspectives 来 validate 文章的 thesis。Particularly,Pirson 的 quote about "made-up conversations" 和 Hagy 的 "persistently curious" concept provide theoretical foundation,而 Morrissey 和 Pass 的 insights offer practical applications。这种 multi-source citation strategy enhances credibility 并展示 issue 的 multidimensional nature。

    信号词 according to says explains argues states research shows studies indicate expert [name] notes as [source] points out [author] writes data suggests

    仿写: 识别你的 argument 中哪些 points 需要 expert validation。选择 authorities 时考虑:(1) relevance to specific aspects of your topic;(2) diversity of perspectives (academic, practical, industry-specific);(3) credibility indicators (titles, affiliations, publications)。仿写模板:「[Expert name], [credentials/title], [action verb: says/explains/argues], "[direct quote with specific insight]." This [verb: suggests/demonstrates/reveals] [connection to your thesis].」记住 integrate quotes smoothly into your narrative flow 而非 abruptly insert。

  • 作比较

    P5 P6

    文章 contrasts 两种 approaches to being interesting:manufactured conversations vs. authentic sharing (第5段),以及 Eat-Pray-Love journeys vs. examining the ordinary (第6段)。第一个 contrast 用 Pirson 的 quote 强调 forced interesting topics "won't land well" compared to genuine experiences。第二个 comparison 颠覆 common assumption:你不需要 extraordinary adventures to be interesting,反而 ordinary observations can inspire "universal connection"。这个 rhetorical strategy 通过 juxtaposition 澄清 misconceptions 并 highlight 文章的 counterintuitive thesis:authenticity and curiosity about everyday life trump artificial excitement。

    信号词 instead rather than while whereas in contrast on the other hand unlike compared to as opposed to conversely however but

    仿写: 选择 strategic pairs 进行 comparison:(1) common misconception vs. reality;(2) ineffective approach vs. effective approach;(3) surface-level understanding vs. deeper insight。确保 comparison 直接 serves your thesis 而非 tangential。仿写模板:「The most [adjective] [noun] aren't those who [common assumption]. Instead, they're those who [your argument]. Rather than [typical behavior], [recommended behavior] leads to [desired outcome].」使用 contrastive markers (instead, rather than, while, whereas) 来 signal the comparison clearly。

  • 下定义

    P7 P9 P10 P12

    文章 systematically defines "being interesting" through multiple dimensions。第7段 defines it through curiosity ("persistently curious"),第9段 through individuality ("strong point of view, signature style, super-enthusiast"),第10段 establishes what it's NOT ("fountain of knowledge" without attention to listeners),第12段 defines it through relatability ("authentic, honest, vulnerable")。这种 multi-layered definition strategy 从 different angles 构建 comprehensive understanding,avoiding simplistic single-sentence definition。每个 definition 都 builds upon previous ones,creating a nuanced portrait of the concept that supports the thesis about authenticity and engagement。

    信号词 means is refers to can be defined as is characterized by consists of involves in other words that is specifically

    仿写: 构建 multi-faceted definition 时:(1) 从 positive characteristics 开始 (what it is);(2) 用 negative definition 排除 common confusions (what it isn't);(3) 提供 distinguishing features or criteria;(4) 用 examples 或 quotes 来 illustrate each facet。仿写模板:「[Concept] means [core characteristic]. People who [exemplify concept] are [trait 1], [trait 2]. [Concept] is not simply [common misconception]. Having [quality] makes someone [concept], says [expert]. To be [concept] means [deeper elaboration with specific behaviors].」

  • 列数字

    P11

    第11段 引用 2012 University of California, Santa Barbara study,指出 "roughly 40% of the time we're talking, we're disclosing subjective information"。这个 specific percentage 为文章关于 encouraging others to share about themselves 的 strategy 提供 quantitative evidence。数字让 abstract claim about human communication patterns 变得 concrete and measurable,增强 argument 的 scientific credibility。这个 statistic 直接 supports 后面的 practical advice about getting others to talk about themselves to appear more interesting。

    信号词 percent % roughly approximately study found research shows statistics indicate data reveals number rate ratio

    仿写: 使用 statistics 时注意:(1) cite credible sources (研究机构, publication year);(2) 确保 number 直接 relevant to your point;(3) interpret the statistic 而非仅仅 drop the number;(4) 用 qualifiers (roughly, approximately) when appropriate 显示 intellectual honesty。仿写模板:「A [year] study from [institution] found that [roughly/approximately] [percentage/number] of [subject] [verb phrase describing finding]. This [suggests/demonstrates/reveals] [interpretation connecting to your argument], supporting the strategy of [practical application].」

  • 作诠释

    P6 P11

    第6段 对 "boring things" 进行 reinterpretation:"Often, the 'boring things' may not be boring at all. Maybe they are actually little miracles." 这个 reframing 是文章 central insight 的 crystallization。作者不是 define what boring things are,而是 challenge the perception itself,诠释看似 mundane observations 背后的 potential for universal connection。第11段 中 "Questions are a powerful tool" 也是 interpretive statement,诠释 questions 在 conversation 中的 deeper function beyond simple inquiry。这些 interpretations 引导 readers 重新 perceive familiar concepts from new angles。

    信号词 may might can often maybe actually in fact essentially really truly suggests that implies that means that

    仿写: 进行 interpretation 时:(1) identify common assumption 需要 challenge;(2) 使用 modal verbs (may, might, can) 表示 alternative possibility;(3) employ qualifiers (often, maybe, actually) 来 soften claims 并 invite reflection;(4) connect interpretation to tangible outcomes or applications。仿写模板:「Often, the [commonly perceived thing] may not be [assumption] at all. Maybe they are actually [reinterpretation]. [This concept] is [interpretive characterization], [explanation of deeper function or meaning].」使用 metaphorical language ("little miracles", "powerful tool") 来 enrich interpretation。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

5 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 生存模式与无聊之间的潜在代价

    P1
    However, too much of a routine can also make you incredibly boring.

    转折类 However but however yet nevertheless nonetheless on the contrary

    这里 imply 了许多人为了 efficiency 而牺牲了 life's diversity,暗示了文章的 argument point:盲目追求 routine 会导致 personality 的消亡,为下文提出 change 的 necessity 做了铺垫。

  • 对乏味现状的否定与改进余地

    P2
    But that doesn't mean your life has ended and you can't do anything to change it.

    否定关联类 doesn't mean not necessarily far from instead of rather than

    作者在此 imply 很多 dull people 实际上已经 gave up 改变的希望,通过这一 gap 的 bridge,强调了 boring 并非 incurable,激发了 reader 学习 tactics 的 motivation。

  • 职业光环下的自我怀疑

    P3
    After all, it's literally my job to talk to people and tell their stories or share their advice.

    让步与理由类 After all after all admittedly granted of course indeed

    这一段 imply 了即便是 professional communicator 也会陷入 awkward silence,从而增强了文章的 relatability,让 reader 觉得 boring 这个问题是 universal 且值得 discuss 的。

  • 平凡中的奇迹与视角转化

    P6
    Instead, Pirson says, they're those who examine the ordinary.

    对比替代类 Instead instead alternatively conversely rather not... but

    此句 imply 大众对 interesting 有着 massive misunderstanding,认为必须 extra-ordinary 才能吸引人,作者借此 rectify 观念,强调 observation skills 比 experience hunting 更重要。

  • 对话主导权的适度让渡

    P10
    Of course, it's possible to be a fountain of knowledge and a boring person.

    让步限制类 Of course of course granted to be sure certainly... but

    作者 imply 知识渊博并不等同于 charisma,甚至可能变成 ego-centric 的单向 output。这强调了 listener-centered 沟通在 avoid being boring 中的 pivot 作用。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度:积极支持

结论先行:本文作者态度为积极支持( Encouraging and Constructive)。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 首尾定调 P1 P13

    说明文本身以传递信息、解决问题为目的,首尾段落往往浓缩了作者对该问题的态度和期待,是判断attitude最直接的入口。

  2. 叙事情绪弧线 P3 P4 P13

    当说明文夹杂第一人称real-life故事时,作者的情绪起伏本身就是态度的外化,通过narrative arc可以判断作者是消极批判还是积极鼓励。

  3. 专家措辞倾向 P6 P8 P9 P12

    说明文常借专家权威来support作者观点,专家话语中的措辞倾向本质上代表了作者认同的value judgment,是佐证attitude的关键证据。

  4. 三角交叉验证 P1 P13 P6

    三个维度(结构、叙事、引语)互相印证,避免单一证据的误判,是快速且准确判断说明文作者态度的综合校验方式。

文中的态度信号词

  • little miracles P6

    作者借Pirson之口,把日常琐事reframe成"little miracles",用一个带有惊喜和珍贵意味的短语,直接推翻"boring"的负面预设,体现作者对普通生活的positive珍视态度。

    同类词 not boring at all universal connection may be surprised

  • protective gear P8

    Hagy用"protective gear from getting into boredom"这个防护类metaphor,把curiosity包装成一种主动可掌控的能力,暗示作者相信boring是可以被克服的,态度积极且empowering。

    同类词 curiosity persistently curious share them

  • definitely P13

    结尾连续两次使用"definitely"这种高确定性副词,作者用毫不含糊的语气向读者保证改变是可能的,直接体现出鼓励性、充满信心的收尾态度。

    同类词 definitely improve will definitely show make sure have fun

  • always interesting P12

    Morrissey用"Being authentic, honest, and vulnerable is always interesting"这种绝对化表述,把真实和脆弱直接等同于"有趣",作者借此传达毫无保留支持真实自我表达的positive value judgment。

    同类词 essential best entertainment relatable

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例,可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文?

  1. 标题指令性+首段现象描述 P1

    议论文会在开头 present an argument 或 controversial statement 需要 defend,新闻报道会以 who/what/when/where 的 factual information 开头。而这篇文章直接 identifies a common situation 并 hints at solutions,这是 expository writing 的典型 opening strategy。

  2. 议论文会 use sources to support one side of an argument,sources 是 evidence for a thesis。新闻报道 quotes sources to report events 或 present conflicting views on news。而这里的 multiple experts 都在 explaining different aspects of the same concept(如何变得 interesting),没有 conflict 或 debate,纯粹是 informational exposition。

  3. 议论文的作者会 take a clear stance 并用 persuasive language 如 "we must"、"it is essential that"、"clearly"。新闻报道会保持 objective distance 并 focus on recent events。这篇文章的 author 既不是 persuading 也不是 reporting news,而是 explaining and guiding,这是 expository purpose。

  4. 启发式实用总结 P13

    议论文的 conclusion 会 restate the thesis 并 call for action/agreement,新闻报道的 ending 会提供 latest updates 或 broader context。这篇文章的 ending 是 consolidating knowledge 并 empowering the reader with practical wisdom,这是典型的 expository closure。

  5. 当你能明确回答 "作者的 primary intention 是什么" 时,文体判断就清晰了。说明文的 intention 是 to inform, explain, or instruct;议论文是 to persuade or argue;新闻报道是 to report facts and events objectively。这篇文章的每个 structural element 都指向 explanation and instruction,因此毫无疑问是 expository article。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁?

  • Humans are creatures of habit P1 说明对象定义解释词 interesting people are more popular among their friends The most interesting people aren't those who've gone on some Eat, Pray, Love journey to find themselves People who are interesting are persistently curious Being relatable is also essential being boring, in actuality, is not only about who you are as a person, but also how you present yourself
  • can also make you incredibly boring P1 事物属性功能描述词 can be incredibly useful in helping you get things done will make a person or story interesting make sure to bring the audience into the conversation leave others with the impression that you're a sparkling conversation partner
  • try these tactics P2 说明顺序与例证词 For example such as This is essentially how Use what you find to Think about
  • says associate professor Michael Pirson P4 说明顺序与例证词 says Pirson she says says public relations consultant Andrea Pass Morrissey says The author of
  • ask questions about them P8 说明顺序与例证词 Use what you find to ask more questions Think about the everyday things around you
  • A 2012 study from the University of California, Santa Barbara, found that P11 说明顺序与例证词 research shows studies indicate findings suggest
  • I have now come to realize that P13 说明顺序与例证词 Recently, I was at a gathering The hesitation I felt
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

15 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 《如何变得不无聊》 的常见问题

2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part III Section B 文章 How to not be boring 的原文出自哪里?
2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part III Section B 文章 How to not be boring 选自2019年2月7日刊登在 www.fastcompany.com(快速公司网站)上的一篇标题为“How to not be boring”(《如何变得不无聊》)的文章。
2021年12月英语四级真题第2套文章《如何变得不无聊》的主旨是什么?
2021年12月英语四级真题第2套 Part III Section B 文章 How to not be boring 说明文阐释了如何避免无趣:培养对日常生活的真诚好奇心,分享真实经历,积极倾听他人,提出有吸引力的问题,并拥抱自己独特的观点,而非制造虚假对话或僵化地遵循常规。(英文表述:This expository article explains how to avoid being boring by cultivating genuine curiosity about everyday life, sharing authentic experiences, actively listening to others, asking engaging questions, and embracing one's unique perspectives rather than manufacturing artificial conversations or rigidly following routines.)
How to not be boring(2021年12月英语四级真题第2套文章)是什么体裁?难度如何?
体裁为说明文,作者立场是积极支持(Encouraging and Constructive)。CEFR 难度 C1,全文 993 词、13 段;在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中,C1 级共 163 篇(占 32%)。
2021年12月英语四级真题第2套文章《如何变得不无聊》的篇章结构是怎样的?
全文 13 段按说明文骨架分为 10 个意群:第1段——引出问题:过度routine导致boring;第2段——阐明立场:interesting people更受欢迎且有改变方法;第3段——具体案例:作者自身的boring经历;第4段、第5段——引入专家观点:真实分享才有趣;第6段——深化观点:关注平凡事物的价值;第7段、第8段——实例与方法:保持好奇心的具体做法;第9段——补充视角:展现独特性和真实自我;第10段、第11段——关键提醒:注重倾听和互动;第12段——强化核心:真实和关联性的重要性;第13段——总结与鼓励:如何呈现自己并享受生活。
How to not be boring 一文的作者态度是什么?
作者态度是积极支持(Encouraging and Constructive)。判断路径:首尾定调 → 叙事情绪弧线 → 专家措辞倾向 → 三角交叉验证;文中的态度信号词包括 little miracles(第6段)、protective gear(第8段)、definitely(第13段)、always interesting(第12段)。
2021年12月英语四级真题第2套文章 How to not be boring 中有哪些值得积累的生词?
按文中出现顺序共 5 个:arouse(激起、唤起、引发)、backfire(产生事与愿违的效果、适得其反)、sparkle(闪耀、闪烁(引申为生气勃勃的、妙趣横生的、充满活力的))、veteran(老手、经验丰富的人、资深人士)、vulnerable(脆弱的、易受伤的(引申为愿意展现真实自我的、不设防的)),每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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