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2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1)
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2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 239 词、3 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在英语四级文章中占 46%），作者立场为「客观中立」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语四级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 的听力原文，共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

New research from America studies the role that the presence of individuals from different social or racial groups has in influencing consumers' food choices. This research found college students were more likely to choose healthy food in the presence of an observer of a different race, as opposed to an observer from their own race. The same was true when they were with someone from a different university, compared to someone from their own. Researchers say this was because participants anticipated more negative judgment from an outsider group. In contrast, they felt less judged by members of their own group.

In one experiment, participants were offered the choice between candy and fruit as a snack. When in the presence of an unknown student from their own university, only 12 percent of students selected the healthier option. However, this number was 31 percent when in the presence of an unknown student from another university. Other experiments showed similar results based on racial group.

What's the reason for this pattern? The study found that people feel judged to a larger extent by members of other groups. Because of this, they strategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression. There have been many attempts to help consumers make healthier choices, but consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet. This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefits of healthy choices.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Social Group Identity Influences Food Choices

    Research reveals that college students make healthier food choices when observed by individuals from different social or racial groups due to anticipated judgment from outsiders.

    这个opening paragraph为整篇文章establish了foundational framework。它introduce了core phenomenon（social influence on food choices），present了empirical evidence（college student study），并reveal了psychological mechanism（anticipated judgment）。这个段落serve as thesis statement，为后续paragraphs提供了conceptual anchor。它align with文章主旨through demonstrating that different group membership triggers healthier choices，这正是文章要explore的central theme。首段的role是set up the premise，让readers understand what phenomenon is being examined和why it matters。

    定位主题句-追踪对比结构-提取因果关系
  2. P2

    Experimental Evidence of the Outsider Effect

    Experimental evidence shows a dramatic increase in healthy food selection (from 12% to 31%) when students are observed by outsiders, with consistent patterns across different social dimensions.

    这个paragraph serve as empirical validation of首段提出的theoretical framework。它transform abstract claims into concrete data，用specific experiment和quantitative results来demonstrate the phenomenon's existence和magnitude。段落的role是提供credibility和persuasive power给整个argument。通过present dramatic numerical contrast（12% vs 31%），它make the outsider effect tangible和compelling。这align with文章主旨because它prove that different group observation确实leads to healthier choices，用empirical evidence来support这个central thesis。段落还hint at generalizability，suggesting这个finding has broader applicability，这为final paragraph的discussion about practical implications埋下伏笔。

    识别功能角色-提取关键数据-确定上下文联系
  3. P3

    Mechanism and Practical Implications

    The pattern occurs because people feel more judged by outsider groups and strategically use healthy food choices for impression management, suggesting that promoting social benefits could encourage healthier eating.

    这个concluding paragraph完成了说明文的argumentative arc。它首先deepen了对phenomenon的understanding through explicit causal explanation（judgment perception），然后reveal了behavior的strategic nature（impression management）。最重要的是，它bridge academic research和practical application，suggesting how findings can inform health promotion strategies。这个paragraph align perfectly with文章主旨because它不仅explain why different group observation leads to healthier choices，还demonstrate这个insight的actionable value。通过propose advertising social benefits as intervention strategy，段落give the research real-world relevance。它serve as synthesis，tying together empirical evidence from 第2段和theoretical framework from 第1段，while projecting forward to show how这个knowledge can benefit society。这create satisfying closure while opening possibilities for future application。

    识别解释性回顾-追踪应用转向-整合双重功能
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2023年12月英语四级真题第1套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 college students different social group observer

    What were college students more likely to do when an observer belonged to a different social group?

    • A They were more likely to select unhealthy food.
    • B They showed no difference in their food choices.
    • C They were more likely to choose healthy food.
    • D They chose food according to the observer's preferences.
    • E They avoided eating in front of the observer.
    • F They chose healthy food only when the observer was from their own group.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    正确项准确保留了结论的方向：在不同群体成员在场的条件下，participants 的 healthy food choice 上升。它没有擅自补充某一种特定食物，也没有把 more likely 夸大成 always。其障碍在于题干使用 different social group 这一概括表达，而原文分别呈现 race 和 university 两类群体差异；考生必须完成从例证到共同结论的归纳。

    双钩验方向 时间极紧时，不要从头阅读。直接用题干中的 college students 加 different social group 作“双钩扫描”，在 第1段 找到群体对照句后，只读取该句及其紧邻的结果句。随后采用“方向验尸法”：把每个选项压缩成“健康上升、健康下降、无变化、模仿、回避、仅限某条件”六种方向标签；与原文比较关系一致且信息不过度延伸的即为正确项。这个方法比逐个翻译选项更快。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 snack experiment percentage healthier option

    In the snack experiment, which statement correctly describes the percentage of students choosing the healthier option?

    • A Twelve percent chose the healthier option with a student from another university present, compared with 31 percent with a student from their own university present.
    • B Thirty-one percent chose candy when a student from another university was present.
    • C The two university conditions produced the same percentage of healthier choices.
    • D Thirty-one percent chose the healthier option with a student from another university present, compared with 12 percent with a student from their own university present.
    • E Thirty-one percent of all participants selected fruit regardless of who was present.
    • F Twelve percent selected the healthier option when they were alone.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    正确项完整复原了数据关系：31 percent 对应 another university，12 percent 对应 their own university，并明确统计对象是 healthier option。它的难点不在计算，而在双重配对：一要把两个数字配回正确条件，二要看清 compared with 所连接的比较基准。该项没有将实验中的 fruit 误扩展为所有健康饮食，也没有把比例说成因果必然。

    数字配对链 直接扫描 第2段 中肉眼最醒目的 percent，不必先细读整段。把 12 与 31 分别向左、向右各读取一个意群，快速写成“数字—在场者—健康选项”的两条配对链。然后不逐句翻译六个选项，只检查哪一项同时保留两条配对链；完整保留者即为正确项。此法专攻数据题的“数字对调”陷阱。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 strategically healthy food choices Why

    Why do people strategically make healthy food choices in the situation described?

    • A They have found that healthy food is always less expensive than candy.
    • B They are trying to follow a diet prescribed by their university.
    • C They are unable to maintain a healthy diet without professional help.
    • D They want to avoid interacting with members of their own group.
    • E They want to make a positive impression because they expect stronger judgment from members of other groups.
    • F They have been persuaded by advertisements about the nutritional value of fruit.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    正确项完整呈现了两层机制：首先，人们感到 members of other groups 会带来更强的 judgment；因此，他们以 healthy food choices 来 make a positive impression。它既回答了 Why，又解释了 strategically 的目的性。难点在于原文的因果链跨越两句：不能只停在 feel judged，也不能只摘 make a positive impression，而要把压力来源与行为目的连接起来。

    因果箭头压缩 在题干中优先抓 strategically，而非反复出现的 healthy food choices；它可将你直接带到 第3段 的机制句。然后使用“因果箭头压缩”：把相关句压缩成“评价压力→印象目标→选择行为”。六个选项中，只有能同时承接前两端并解释行为端的正确项可选；凡是价格、规定、困难、广告等不能接入箭头的内容立即删除。此法无需逐项做全文回查。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    研究发现与核心现象呈现

    这个意群 presents 了一项 new research 的 key finding：college students 在 different social or racial groups 的 observers 面前更倾向于 choose healthy food，因为他们 anticipate 来自 outsider group 的 more negative judgment，而对 own group members 感到 less judged。

    作为 expository text 的 opening，这个意群 establishes 了整篇文章的 central phenomenon，directly states 研究的 main finding，为后续的 evidence 和 explanation 奠定 foundation，符合说明文 introduce the topic 并 present key information 的典型结构。

    核心发现直接陈述
  2. P2

    实验证据与数据支撑

    这个意群 provides concrete experimental evidence：通过 candy vs. fruit choice 的 experiment，用 specific numbers（12% vs. 31%）demonstrate 了意群_1 提出的 phenomenon，并 mentions 其他 experiments 基于 racial group 也显示 similar results。

    在说明文的 body structure 中，这个意群扮演 supporting evidence 的角色，通过 quantitative data 和 specific examples 来 substantiate 意群_1 的 general claim，符合 expository text 的 claim-evidence pattern，增强文章的 credibility 和 persuasiveness。

    实证数据呈现
  3. P3

    原因阐释与实践启示

    这个意群 explains the underlying mechanism：people feel judged more by other groups 所以 strategically use healthy choices 来 make positive impression，然后 extends 到 practical implication，指出可以通过 advertise social benefits 来 promote healthy diet，完成从 research finding 到 real-world application 的 transition。

    作为 expository text 的 concluding section，这个意群执行 dual function：首先 provides causal explanation 深化对 phenomenon 的理解，然后 bridges theory and practice，提出 practical implications，符合说明文 inform and enlighten readers 的 ultimate goal，完成从 describe → prove → explain → apply 的完整 explanatory arc。

    机制解释与应用
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语四级文章。

  1. 首段首句定位研究发现 P1

    说明文的 opening paragraph 通常会直接 present 研究的 main discovery，这里的 'New research' 立即引出了 'consumers' food choices' 这个 central topic，而 'more likely to choose healthy food in the presence of an observer of a different race' 就是 key finding，这为理解整篇文章的 direction 提供了 foundation

  2. 中段验证并解释机制 P2 P3

    第二段通过 specific experiment 和 quantitative data（12% vs 31%）来 validate first paragraph 的 claim，第三段用 'What's the reason' 这个 explicit question 引出 underlying mechanism（anticipated judgment），这种 claim-evidence-explanation 的 progression 是说明文的 standard architecture

  3. 结尾提炼应用意义 P3

    第三段末尾 'This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be...' 将 specific findings 延伸到 practical application，说明文常在结尾 connect research 到 real-world implications，这个 shift from description to implication 是 main idea 的 final dimension

  4. 整合现象因果与意义 P1 P2 P3

    Main idea 不是单一 fact，而是 integrated understanding。这篇文章的 phenomenon 是 'healthier food choices with outsider observers'，cause 是 'anticipated judgment'，significance 是 'social dynamics could promote healthy eating'。说明文的 main idea 必须包含这种 multi-layered structure

主旨信号词 more likely to P1 This research found P1 because of this P3 In contrast P1 one way to promote P3

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

研究表明,当被来自不同社会或种族群体的人观察时,人们会做出更健康的食物选择,因为他们预期会受到外部群体更多的评判,并希望给人留下积极印象,这表明社交动态可以促进更健康的饮食习惯。
Research shows that people make healthier food choices when observed by individuals from different social or racial groups because they anticipate more judgment from outsiders and want to create a positive impression, suggesting social dynamics could promote healthier eating habits.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

4 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语四级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • anticipate 预期、预料、预见

    让我们把这些 clues 串联起来：首先，从 causal relationship 看，anticipated judgment 是 behavior change 的 cause，这说明它是一个 prior mental state。其次，从 temporal logic 看，anticipate 处于 present observation 和 future judgment 之间的位置。最后，第3段 的 strategic behavior 证实了这是一种 forward-thinking process。将这三条 evidence 结合，我们可以确定 anticipate 指的是对未来事件的提前认知或预期。

    因果链定位法与跨段验证
  • strategic 策略性地、有策略地、经过精心计划地

    综合以上 analysis：从 syntactic structure 看，strategically 描述的是一种 goal-oriented action；从 contextual summary 看，它概括了一系列 calculated behavioral adjustments；从 morphology 看，它与 strategy 同源，强调 planning 的 nature。这三个 dimensions 共同指向一个核心 meaning：有计划的、经过深思熟虑的、为达成特定目标而采取的方式。

    句法-语篇-构词三维定位
  • maintain 维持、保持

    整合这些 clues：contrast structure 区分了 initiation 和 continuation 两个阶段，maintain 属于后者；collocation pattern 中的 diet 强化了 long-term 的 dimension；struggle 一词说明这个 process 需要 continuous effort。因此，maintain 的核心含义是 keep something in existence or at a certain level over an extended period。

    时间维度与搭配分析法
  • promote 促进、推动、提倡

    把这些 evidence 整合：从 instrumental syntax 看，promote 是 achieving a goal 的 facilitating action；从 problem-solution context 看，它是积极的 intervention；从 morphology 看，pro- prefix 强调 forward direction，-mote 涉及 movement。这些 clues 共同指向一个 meaning：actively support or encourage the development, growth, or adoption of something。

    句法-语篇-词源三角验证
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 列数字

    P2

    文章中通过 precise percentages 来展示这个 social observation 的 effect。比如在 presence of same-university students 时，只有 12 percent 选择 healthier option，但在 different-university students 面前这个数字 jump to 31 percent。这些 specific numbers 让 comparison 变得非常 concrete and convincing，直接支撑了文章的 main argument，即 outsider presence 会 influence food choices significantly。数字的 contrast 让读者能够 quantify 这种社会影响的 magnitude。

    信号词 12 percent 31 percent percent % number figure rate ratio statistics data

    仿写： 当你要 demonstrate 一个 phenomenon 或 trend 时，思考：能否用 statistical data 来 quantify it？比如不说 "many people prefer..."，而是说 "65% of participants chose..."。模版结构可以是：【背景情境】+ 【具体百分比/数字】+ 【对比数字】。例如："When exposed to X condition, only 15% of subjects exhibited Y behavior, whereas under Z condition, this figure rose to 42%."

  • 举例子

    P2

    文章在 第2段 用了一个 concrete experiment 作为 example：participants 被 offered choice between candy and fruit。这个 specific scenario 把 abstract research finding 变成了 relatable situation。通过这个 tangible example，读者能够 visualize 整个 experimental setup，理解 researchers 是如何 test 他们的 hypothesis 的。这个例子 directly illustrates 前一段提出的 theoretical framework，让 main thesis 更加 grounded in reality。

    信号词 In one experiment for example for instance such as to illustrate a case in point specifically in particular take...as an example

    仿写： 当你 present 一个 general finding 或 theory 时，立即问自己：能否提供一个 specific instance？使用 "In one experiment/study/case..." 这样的 transition phrases 来 introduce examples。模版结构：【提出观点】+ 【引入例子的信号】+ 【具体场景描述】+ 【例子中的结果】。例如："Research suggests that X influences Y. In one study, participants were placed in [specific situation], and results showed that [specific outcome]."

  • 作比较

    P1 P2

    文章中 systematically 使用了 comparison structure 来 highlight differences：same-race vs different-race observers，same-university vs different-university students。这种 contrastive approach 贯穿全文，通过 juxtaposing two conditions 来 reveal 那个 critical factor—outsider status。比如 "as opposed to" 和 "in contrast" 这些 connectors 都在建立 binary comparisons。这种修辞让 causal relationship 变得 crystal clear：正是 group difference 导致了 behavioral change，而不是其他 variables。

    信号词 as opposed to in contrast however whereas while compared to on the other hand unlike different from versus

    仿写： 当 explaining phenomena 时，思考：有没有 contrasting conditions 可以 juxtapose？使用 comparative structures like "A, as opposed to B" 或 "while A shows X, B demonstrates Y"。建立 parallel structure 来增强 comparison 的 clarity。模版："When [Condition A], [Result X]; however, when [Condition B], [Result Y]." 或 "In the presence of A, only X%; in contrast, with B, Y%."

  • 作诠释

    P3

    第3段 开头用了 rhetorical question "What's the reason for this pattern?" 然后 immediately 提供 interpretation："people feel judged to a larger extent by members of other groups"。这是典型的 explanatory elaboration，把前面的 observational findings 进行 deeper-level explanation。接着又进一步 explain mechanism："they strategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression"。这种 layer-by-layer interpretation 帮助读者 understand not just what happened，更重要的是 why it happened，揭示了 psychological mechanism behind the behavior。

    信号词 What's the reason because due to this is because the explanation is this occurs because account for explain the reason for as a result of

    仿写： 当 present data 或 observations 后，问 "What explains this?" 或 "Why does this occur?"，然后提供 mechanistic explanation。使用 causal language like "because of this"、"this is due to"、"the reason is that"。模版结构：【呈现现象/数据】+ 【提出解释性问题】+ 【给出机制性解释】+ 【进一步阐释深层原因】。例如："Data shows X. What accounts for this pattern? Research suggests that [mechanism Y] is at play. Specifically, [deeper explanation Z]."

  • 引资料

    P1 P2 P3

    文章开篇 "New research from America studies..." 直接 cite research source 作为 foundation。整篇文章都是基于 "this research found"、"researchers say"、"the study found" 等 references to authoritative sources。虽然没有 specific citation format，但通过 repeatedly attributing findings to research，作者建立了 credibility 和 objectivity。这种 consistent referencing 让整个 argument 不是 personal opinion 而是 evidence-based conclusion，significantly 增强了文章的 persuasive power 和 academic rigor。

    信号词 research study researchers say according to studies show experts suggest findings indicate evidence suggests scholars argue the study found

    仿写： 当 making factual claims 时，attribute them to sources 而非 present as personal views。使用 reporting verbs like "research shows"、"studies indicate"、"experts suggest"、"according to X"。模版："[Source] found/suggests/indicates that [finding]. [Source] say/report/demonstrate that [claim]." 注意 vary your reporting verbs 来避免 repetition。即使不提供 full citation，也要 acknowledge 信息的 source nature。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

3 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 健康选择率的显著差异暗示强烈的群体影响

    P2
    When in the presence of an unknown student from their own university, only 12 percent of students selected the healthier option. However, this number was 31 percent when in the presence of an unknown student from another university.

    数据对比类 only 12 percent only however in contrast whereas while only compared to

    这个 implication 的核心在于:12% 和 31% 的 dramatic gap 实际上在 suggest 'outsider presence' has a remarkably strong influence on food choices。作者没有 explicitly state 'the effect is powerful',而是让 data speak for itself。这种 implicit message 对于 main thesis 至关重要,因为它 provides concrete empirical evidence 证明 social context (specifically, the presence of different-group members) 确实能 substantially alter consumer behavior。这个 quantitative proof 让 article 的 central argument 更加 compelling and credible,为后续提出的 'advertise social benefits' 这个 practical suggestion 奠定了 solid foundation。

  • 转折词揭示传统方法的局限性

    P3
    There have been many attempts to help consumers make healthier choices, but consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet.

    转折类 but however yet nevertheless nonetheless still although

    这个 'but' 后面的内容 implies 一个重要的 message:尽管有 numerous previous interventions,健康饮食 promotion 依然 faces significant challenges,现有的 methods 显然 aren't working effectively。作者没有 directly criticize past approaches,而是用 'struggle to maintain' 这个 phrase 去 suggest their inadequacy。这个 implicit critique 对 thesis 起到 crucial transitional role—它 establishes the problem gap that justifies 本文提出的 new perspective (利用 social judgment dynamics)。通过 imply 传统方法的 limitations,作者为自己的 research findings 和 practical recommendations 创造了 contextual relevance and urgency,使读者更容易 accept 文章提倡的 novel approach to promoting healthy eating。

  • 情态动词暗示方法的可行性和潜力

    P3
    This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefits of healthy choices.

    情态词 could be could may might would should can

    这个 'could be' 表面上是 cautious suggestion,但它的 implication 其实很 significant:作者在 propose 一个 novel, evidence-based strategy for public health interventions。通过说 'could be',作者 implies 这个 approach has strong theoretical foundation (基于前面的 experimental findings) 和 practical feasibility。这个 modal 的使用 suggests 作者对这个 direction 持 optimistic but academically responsible 的态度。对于 article's thesis,这个 implication 是 culminating point—它 transforms research findings into actionable insights,完成了从 'what we discovered' (social dynamics affect choices) 到 'what we can do' (leverage social benefits in marketing) 的 logical progression。这让整篇文章不仅是 pure observation,而是有 practical value 的 applied research,为 health promotion field 提供了 potentially effective new direction。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：客观中立

结论先行：本文作者态度为客观中立（ Objective and informative）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 研究引用式开篇 P1

    第一段用 'New research from America studies...' 和 'This research found...' 来 introduce the topic,这种 reporting style 表明作者是在 objectively presenting 研究成果,而不是 expressing subjective views。

  2. 数据支撑论述 P2

    第二段提供了 precise percentages '12 percent' 和 '31 percent' 来 describe the experimental results,这种 data-driven approach 显示作者在 objectively reporting findings 而不是 making subjective evaluations。

  3. 归因式解释 P3

    第三段用 'The study found that...' 来 explain the pattern,继续保持 reporting stance。即使在 discussing implications,作者也用 'This research finds...' 来 frame the suggestions,避免了 direct advocacy。

  4. 语气词汇克制 P1 P2 P3

    通篇文章没有出现 'unfortunately'、'surprisingly'、'importantly' 这类带有 author's judgment 的 adverbs,也没有 'should'、'must' 这类 prescriptive modals。作者只是 systematically presenting 研究的 process、results 和 potential applications,保持了 explanatory tone。

文中的态度信号词

  • research found P1

    这个 phrase 将 information 的 source 明确指向 external research,作者作为 reporter 而不是 originator of ideas。在说明文中,这种 attribution 表明作者在 maintaining distance from the claims,保持 objective stance。

    同类词 studies show research indicates evidence suggests findings reveal data demonstrates

  • participants P1

    这个 term 是 academic research 的 standard vocabulary,表明作者在用 scientific lens 而非 everyday perspective 来 present the information,强化了 objective tone。

    同类词 subjects respondents individuals tested those studied the sample

  • 12 percent P2

    Specific percentages 提供了 concrete, verifiable information,这种 precision 是 objective reporting 的 hallmark,避免了 subjective interpretations 的空间。

    同类词 31 percent specific numbers precise statistics exact figures quantitative data

  • the study found P3

    在 explanation paragraph 中继续用 attribution phrase,说明即使在 discussing reasons 和 implications 时,作者仍在 maintaining objectivity 而非 transitioning to personal opinions。

    同类词 research revealed analysis showed investigation discovered examination indicated inquiry demonstrated

  • could be P3

    'Could be' 而非 'should be' 表明作者在 suggesting possibilities 而非 advocating specific actions,这种 tentative language 保持了 informative rather than prescriptive tone。

    同类词 might may possibly potentially one way

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语四级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文？

  1. 首句功能识别 P1

    说明文的 opening 通常是 factual presentation，比如这里的 'New research from America studies...'，直接 state 研究内容。议论文会先抛出 a controversial statement 或 opinion，新闻报道则会用 headline-style opening 强调 breaking news 的 urgency。

  2. 数据呈现方式 P2

    这篇文章的 第2段 用 experiment results 和 percentages 来 demonstrate the pattern，这是典型的 expository approach。议论文虽然也可能 cite data，但主要是用来 support an argument，而不是单纯 present findings。新闻报道会 report facts，但缺少 systematic experimental structure。

  3. 因果解释导向 P3

    第3段 的 'What's the reason for this pattern?' 明确表明作者在 explaining causation，然后提到 'could be' 这种 tentative suggestion，而不是 forceful recommendation。议论文会用 'should'、'must' 这样的 strong modal verbs 来 push for action。

  4. 整体结构特征 P1 P2 P3

    这篇文章完整呈现了 research → data → explanation 的 logical flow，没有 author's personal opinion 或 urgent news value，符合 expository writing 的 all characteristics。议论文会有 clear thesis statement 和 call to action，新闻报道会有 timeliness 和 event-centered narrative。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁？

  • research P1 说明对象定义解释词 study studies investigation findings evidence
  • found P1 说明顺序与例证词 showed revealed demonstrated indicated suggested
  • participants P1 说明顺序与例证词 subjects respondents sample individuals students
  • experiment P2 说明顺序与例证词 test trial procedure observation measurement
  • the choice between P2 事物属性功能描述词 options of alternative of selection of range from consists of
  • pattern P3 说明对象定义解释词 phenomenon trend mechanism process principle
  • What's the reason P3 说明顺序与例证词 Why does How does What causes What explains The explanation is
  • This research finds that P3 说明顺序与例证词 The study shows that Results indicate that Evidence suggests that Data reveal that Findings demonstrate that
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

4 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 的常见问题

2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的主旨是什么？
研究表明,当被来自不同社会或种族群体的人观察时,人们会做出更健康的食物选择,因为他们预期会受到外部群体更多的评判,并希望给人留下积极印象,这表明社交动态可以促进更健康的饮食习惯。（英文表述：Research shows that people make healthier food choices when observed by individuals from different social or racial groups because they anticipate more judgment from outsiders and want to create a positive impression, suggesting social dynamics could promote healthier eating habits.）
2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为说明文，作者立场是客观中立（Objective and informative）。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 239 词、3 段；在英语四级全部 511 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 234 篇（占 46%）。
2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群：第1段——研究发现与核心现象呈现；第2段——实验证据与数据支撑；第3段——原因阐释与实践启示。
2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是客观中立（Objective and informative）。判断路径：研究引用式开篇 → 数据支撑论述 → 归因式解释 → 语气词汇克制；文中的态度信号词包括 research found（第1段）、participants（第1段）、12 percent（第2段）、the study found（第3段）、could be（第3段）。
2023年12月英语四级真题第1套 Part II Section C (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 4 个：anticipate（预期、预料、预见）、strategic（策略性地、有策略地、经过精心计划地）、maintain（维持、保持）、promote（促进、推动、提倡），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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