2016年6月英语六级真题第1套 Part III Section C (2)

作者在 第1段 开头用 'What can be done about mass unemployment?' 这个 rhetorical question 开篇，营造出一种 conventional wisdom 的氛围，然后在 第2段 立即 challenge 这个观点。这种 opening strategy 非常有力，因为它先 present 了 opposing view，再用 'But don't bother asking for evidence' 这样的 sharp turn 来 demolish 它。Rhetorical question 在这里的 function 是 engage readers，让他们以为作者会 follow 主流观点，但实际上是为后面的 counterargument 做 setup。这种 technique 增强了文章的 persuasive power，因为它 anticipates 读者可能有的疑问，然后直接 address 它。

信号词 What can be done What should How can we Why is it that Isn't it true that Don't we all Who would Where can

仿写： 当你想 introduce 一个 controversial topic 时，可以用 rhetorical question 来 frame the debate。Think about what question your opponents might ask，然后用它作为 opening hook。接下来的 paragraph 要 immediately pivot 到你的 stance，用 'But' 或者 'However' 这样的 transition words。Practice this pattern：先 pose a question that reflects common belief → 然后 challenge 这个 belief with evidence。 仿写模版：'What should we do about [问题]? The conventional answer is [主流观点]. But [转折词] + [你的观点] + evidence shows [支撑论据].'

作者在 第5段 引用了 Great Depression 期间的 historical example，specifically citing a 1935 analysis 说 workforce 是 'unadaptable and untrained'。然后 author 指出当 defense buildup 提供了 fiscal stimulus 后，这些所谓 'unadaptable' workers 突然变得 employable 了。这个 concrete example 非常 powerful，因为它 draws a parallel between past 和 present，showing that current claims about structural unemployment are just recycled excuses。Historical evidence 在这里 serves multiple purposes：它 validates 作者的 argument，demonstrates pattern recognition，并且 suggests 如果过去的 excuse 是 wrong，现在的也很可能是 wrong。这种 example 比 abstract reasoning 更 convincing，因为它 grounds the argument in actual historical outcomes。

信号词 I've been looking at For example For instance Consider Take the case of A similar situation History shows Evidence from In [year/period]

仿写： When you want to prove a point，think about whether there's a historical precedent or parallel situation。Look for examples that your audience can verify or that come from credible sources。Structure 你的 example 这样：先 state 你要 prove 的 point → introduce the example with phrases like 'For instance' 或者 'Consider the case of' → provide specific details → explicitly connect the example back to your thesis。Don't just drop an example and move on；explain why it matters 和 what it proves。 仿写模版：'This pattern isn't new. During [历史时期/情境], [具体描述当时情况]. Yet when [转折事件发生], [结果如何]. This demonstrates that [回扣论点].'

整篇文章 построено 在 sharp contrast between two views：mainstream experts claiming structural unemployment 和 author's position that it's inadequate demand。这个 contrast 最明显体现在 第2段 的 'But don't bother asking for evidence' 和 第3段 的 'evidence contradicts the claim'。作者 systematically contrasts what 'wise heads' say (no easy answers, structural problems) versus what data shows (unemployment across all sectors and regions)。这种 contrastive structure 贯穿全文：第4段-5 contrast past 和 present (Great Depression vs now)，第6段 contrast ideological opposition 和 actual needs。Through this sustained contrast，作者 makes his opponents' position look unfounded 和 his own position look evidence-based。The rhetorical effect 是 force readers to choose between empty rhetoric 和 factual analysis。

信号词 But However On the contrary In contrast While Whereas Yet Nevertheless Conversely On the other hand Unlike

仿写： To use contrast effectively，identify the opposing view you want to challenge。Present it fairly (避免 straw man)，then systematically show how your position differs and why it's better。Use parallel structure to emphasize the contrast：'They claim X, but evidence shows Y.' Structure your essay so contrasts build momentum：start with smaller contrasts，build to fundamental oppositions。Don't just state differences；analyze why those differences matter for your argument。Use contrastive transitions liberally：'while,' 'whereas,' 'in contrast,' 'on the other hand'。 仿写模版：'[对方观点] claims [具体内容]. However, [your evidence/analysis] reveals [相反情况]. While [对方] emphasizes [aspect A], the reality is [aspect B]. This fundamental difference shows [你的论点].'

第6段 清晰地建立了 causal relationship：'powerful forces are ideologically opposed to government action' 导致 'claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying'。Author 解释 why structural unemployment narrative 变得 popular—not because of evidence，而是 because it serves political purposes。这个 causal analysis 揭示了 underlying motives：如果你 ideologically opposed to government intervention，你 need an excuse to do nothing，所以 structural unemployment 成了 convenient justification。作者 further links this to consequences：这些 claims 导致 inaction on 'mass unemployment that is crippling our economy'。This causal chain (ideology → excuse → inaction → suffering) makes the argument more damning，因为它 exposes not just error but bad faith。

信号词 fundamentally because therefore thus as a result consequently this is why the reason is leads to results in stems from due to

仿写： When building causal arguments，start by identifying the phenomenon you want to explain。Ask 'why' questions to uncover causes：Why does X happen? What factors contribute? Then work backwards or forwards to trace causal chains。Be explicit about the mechanism：don't just say A causes B，explain how and why。Consider multiple causes (complex causation) rather than oversimplifying。Anticipate objections：could something else explain the same effect? Use causal language to make relationships clear：'because,' 'therefore,' 'as a result,' 'consequently'。 仿写模版：'Why has [现象] occurred? The fundamental reason is [根本原因]. Because [具体机制解释], [结果]. This leads to [进一步后果], which explains why [回扣主题].'

第3段 使用了 powerful parallel structure 来 pile up evidence：'job openings have plunged,' 'workers forced into part-time employment has soared,' 'unemployment has surged'。这三个 parallel clauses 都 describe negative trends across different dimensions (openings, part-time work, unemployment rates)，而且都 use similar grammatical structure (subject + verb + prepositional phrase)。这种 parallelism creates rhetorical momentum，making the evidence feel overwhelming 和 undeniable。The repetition of 'every major sector,' 'almost all industries,' 'every major occupational category' further reinforces this pattern。这种 technique 比 listing facts dryly 更 persuasive，因为 the rhythmic repetition hammers the point home。

信号词 in every across all throughout has been have been is are

仿写： To create effective parallelism，identify related points you want to emphasize。Structure them using the same grammatical pattern：if one uses 'has + past participle,' make others match。Use parallel structure especially when presenting multiple pieces of evidence，contrasting ideas，或者 building to a climax。Vary the length slightly to maintain interest，但 keep the core structure consistent。Combine parallelism with powerful verbs (like 'plunged,' 'soared,' 'surged') to amplify impact。Don't overuse it；reserve parallelism for key moments where you want emphasis。 仿写模版：'[主题] has [动词] in [范围A]. [主题] has [动词] in [范围B]. [主题] has [动词] in [范围C]. This pattern demonstrates [结论].'

在 第5段 中，作者 quotes a 1935 analysis 说 workforce 是 'unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.' 这个 direct quotation serves multiple functions：它 provides concrete evidence of past rhetoric，shows the exact language used (which parallels current claims)，和 increases credibility by citing specific sources。By quoting historical experts 而不是 paraphrasing，author lets readers see for themselves how similar past 和 present arguments are。The quotation makes the parallel undeniable。Moreover，当 author shows these quoted claims were proven wrong by subsequent events，the quotation becomes evidence against current similar claims。这比 simply saying 'people said similar things in the past' 更 persuasive。

信号词 declared stated argued claimed wrote According to as X noted X observed in the words of to quote

仿写： When using quotations，choose passages that directly support your point or effectively represent views you're analyzing。Introduce quotations with context：who said it, when, why it matters。After quoting, don't just move on—analyze what the quotation shows or means for your argument。Select quotations that are concise but meaningful；avoid lengthy blocks unless necessary。Mix direct quotations with paraphrase to maintain your voice。Use quotations especially when the exact wording matters，when you want to show someone's language reveals something，或者 when you need authoritative support。 仿写模版：'According to [source/author], [quotation]. This [说明引用的意义]. As [later evidence/events] demonstrated, [引用被证明对/错的分析].'

虽然这篇文章整体 style 是 direct 和 analytical，作者在 第7段 用了 metaphorical language：structural unemployment 是 'an excuse—a reason not to act'。这里 'excuse' 不是 literal meaning of justification，而是 implies bad faith, deflection, avoidance of responsibility。Earlier，作者 uses 'fake problem' (第2段)，which metaphorically suggests something artificially constructed rather than real。'Jump-start the economy' (第6段) is also figurative，borrowing from automotive language to suggest reviving something stalled。这些 metaphors make abstract economic concepts more tangible and emotionally resonant。They transform technical debate into moral critique：calling something a 'fake problem' or 'excuse' carries more weight than saying 'incorrect analysis'。

信号词 is like as if seems to be resembles appears as

仿写： When using metaphor，choose comparisons that illuminate rather than obscure your point。Think about what domain would resonate with your audience：mechanical metaphors for processes，medical for problems，journey for progress。Introduce metaphors naturally without announcing them ('This is like...')。Extend metaphors briefly if it adds insight，但不要 force it。Use metaphorical language especially for abstract or technical subjects that need humanizing。Be aware that metaphors carry connotations；'weeds' suggests something bad，'diversity' suggests something good。Choose metaphors aligned with your argument's values。 仿写模版：'[Issue] is not a [literal description] but a [metaphorical term] that [解释隐喻揭示的本质]. Like [explicit comparison if needed], it [进一步阐释].'