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2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1)
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2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1)

说明文 · 听力 · 真题文章逐层精读

本页是 2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的精读视角页——这篇说明文全文 248 词、3 段，CEFR 难度 B2（B2 级在英语六级文章中占 39%），作者立场为「客观中立」；英文原文之外，本篇已有的 11 项精读维度逐项展开，其中能迁移到其他英语六级真题文章的判断方法（篇章结构、修辞、言外之意、作者态度、体裁速判）随各维度一并讲透。

精读最佳实践

本页解析里的段号（P1）都可以点——点一下，原文在顶部翻开并定位到该段，解析引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文，你还停在刚才读到的位置。点 P1 试试。

PASSAGE · 文章原文

3 段英文原文

以下为2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 的听力原文，共 3 段。左侧 P1–P3 是段落编号——本页全部解析（结构、逐段、修辞、自检题）都以它为坐标回指原文，点击解析里的段号，原文即在顶部翻开并定位到该段、引用的原文同步标亮；合上原文仍停在当前阅读位置。原文保持卷面形态，不带翻译与标注。

A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p.m. took in fewer calories and ate more healthy food. In contrast, "night owls" who go to bed between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats than early risers.

This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don't get as much rest. And a 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period.

As a group, "night owl" types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers. The later one goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. It's as yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition. There may be a third factor that impacts both of them. Or the relationship could be reversed, that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby reducing their chances of taking snacks before bedtime.

PARAGRAPHS · 逐段精读

3 段逐段主旨与解读

逐段拆解2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 的这篇原文——每段给出英文段落主旨、段落标题与中文解读，并提炼一条「这段为什么这样读」的具体方法。

  1. P1

    Bedtime and Food Choices

    Early sleepers eat healthier and consume fewer calories than night owls.

    本段承担全文的开篇和立论功能，它先用一项 report 提出核心现象：早睡与 healthier eating 相关，晚睡则与更多高热量、不健康饮食相关。它为后文的既有研究证据、因果讨论以及早睡建议建立了明确的话题基础。

    抓住正反对比
  2. P2

    Scientific Evidence for Healthy Sleep Habits

    Previous studies confirm that adequate sleep is linked to healthier eating and weight control.

    本段承担证据强化功能，它通过不同研究和不同年龄群体的 findings，增强第一段结论的可信度。尤其是 weight gain 的研究还把“饮食选择”进一步延伸到“体重后果”，为全文最后的 weight management 建议作铺垫。

    总句统领例证
  3. P3

    Earlier Bedtimes as a Weight-Management Strategy

    Although the causal link is unclear, earlier bedtimes may help reduce calorie intake and support weight loss.

    本段是全文的总结深化与建议输出部分，它先重申晚睡和高热量饮食的关联，再主动说明 causality 尚未被完全证明，体现科学说明文的严谨性。最后提出 earlier bedtime 这一低成本建议，使文章主旨从研究发现自然落到减少热量、辅助 weight management 的现实价值上。

    保留限定再抓建议
SELF CHECK · 段落自检题

3 道逐段细节自检题

针对2017年12月英语六级真题第2套这篇原文，每段配 1 道细节题（ 1 个正确项 + 5 个干扰项 ，由懒笔记精读引擎基于本段命制，非试卷原题）。 选项默认中性；点「显示答案与解析」展开正确项、解析与最快解法，现代浏览器会同步高亮正确选项。

  1. 第 1 段 定位词 between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. go to bed

    Which of the following is true of people who regularly go to bed between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m.?

    • A They consume fewer calories than early risers.
    • B They are more likely to choose healthier food than early risers.
    • C They tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats.
    • D They usually sleep longer and eat less unhealthy food.
    • E They avoid snacks before bedtime in order to control their weight.
    • F They have no identifiable difference in dietary habits from early risers.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：C

    该项完整对应原文对 night owls 的 consume 描述：人群对象一致，比较方向为 more，列举的 food and drink categories 也与原文一致。障碍在于选项使用了并列名词串，考生可能因只认出 coffee 或 alcohol 而忽略后面的 refined sugars、processed meats；六级细节题要求核对整个 information unit，不能仅凭局部词汇重合判断。

    饮食名词串指纹 时间极紧时，直接用题干中的 between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. 扫描并锁定 第1段，不必先通读全文。随后采用“名词串指纹”法：只比较选项中并列的饮食名词是否与定位句的连续列举高度同构；包含完整同构信息的正确项即为答案。这个方法比逐词翻译所有选项更快，因为说明文的列举结构具有很强的排他性。

  2. 第 2 段 定位词 2015 University of California, Berkeley

    What did the 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley find about teenagers?

    • A Teens who sleep more eat less unhealthy food than their peers.
    • B Late bedtime causes every teenager to gain weight within five years.
    • C Teenagers who go to bed early consume more coffee and alcohol.
    • D Teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period.
    • E Teenagers need at least five more years of sleep to make better food choices.
    • F Weight gain among teenagers is unrelated to the time they go to bed.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：D

    该项完整保留研究结论的四个关键点：teens 这一对象、go to bed late 这一条件、more likely to gain weight 这一结果以及 over a five-year period 这一时间跨度。命题障碍在于 more likely 表示概率倾向，不等于必然结果；考生不能把相关研究误读成所有晚睡青少年都会发胖。

    四格研究卡片 在时间最紧张时，抓住 2015 和 University of California, Berkeley 两个不可替代的 bibliographic signals，直接定位 第2段。判定时使用“研究卡片压缩法”：在脑中只记下“对象-条件-结果-跨度”四格，不逐项全文翻译；能填满四格且没有增强语气的正确项就是答案。该法尤其适合一段内并列多项研究的说明文。

  3. 第 3 段 定位词 causal relationship sleep and nutrition

    What does the author say about the causal relationship between sleep and nutrition?

    • A Going to bed late has been conclusively proved to cause unhealthy eating.
    • B Poor nutrition is the only factor that makes people fall asleep earlier.
    • C A third factor has been identified as the sole explanation for both sleep and nutrition.
    • D The relationship is relevant only to people trying to lose weight.
    • E It remains difficult to determine whether sleep directly causes changes in nutrition or whether other explanations are involved.
    • F Sleep and nutrition have no relationship because their causes are uncertain.
    显示答案与解析 收起答案与解析

    正确答案：E

    该项忠实概括了作者的审慎立场：因果关系仍难解释，可能存在 a third factor，也可能是关系 reversed。选项没有武断断言单向因果，而以 remains difficult 和 whether...or... 保留了原文的开放性。障碍在于作者先给出明显的行为关联，考生很容易按常识把 correlation 误选为 direct causation。

    情态词筛绝对项 时间紧张时，以 causal relationship 为中心做同义跳读，直接在 第3段 寻找 cause-and-effect 及其前后的 may、could 等 modal words。随后不必逐项细抠事实，只做“语气强度排序”：凡是含 conclusively、only、sole、no relationship 的绝对项先排除；保留不越过证据边界的正确项。对于科学说明文，这一反向排除法通常比正向翻译更快。

STRUCTURE · 篇章结构

3 个意群的说明文骨架

按说明文 的行文骨架切分意群，每个意群标注它覆盖的段落与对主旨的作用——逐段读完后回到这里俯瞰全篇，能看清作者为什么按这个顺序行文。

  1. P1

    晚睡与饮食习惯的关联发现

    这个 opening paragraph 引出了一个 recent report 的核心 finding：early sleepers 在 11 p.m. 之前 go to bed 的人 consume fewer calories 并且 eat more healthy food，而 night owls 这些晚睡者则 tend to consume 更多的 coffee, alcohol, refined sugars 和 processed meats，直接呈现出 sleep timing 和 dietary choices 之间的 correlation。

    作为说明文的 introduction part，这个意群 present 了文章要探讨的 central phenomenon，通过 contrasting early risers 和 night owls 的 eating patterns 来 establish 文章的 focus topic，为后续的 evidence 和 explanation 做好 foundation。

    提出核心现象
  2. P2

    已有科学研究的佐证

    这个意群通过 citing existing scientific literature 来 validate 前面提到的 finding，specifically 引用了 multiple studies 包括 The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 的 study 和 UC Berkeley 的 research，这些 evidence 都 demonstrate 了 sleep duration 和 bedtime 与 food choices 以及 weight gain 之间的 well-documented relationship，从而 strengthen 文章的 credibility。

    在说明文的 body section 中，这个意群 serves 了 providing corroborative evidence 的 function。它通过 referencing authoritative sources 来 reinforce 主旨中提到的 research findings，让读者理解这不是 isolated observation 而是 consistent pattern across multiple studies，从而 establish 文章 claims 的 scientific validity。

    提供科学证据
  3. P3

    因果关系分析与实用建议

    这个 concluding segment 不仅 summarize 了 night owls 的 eating patterns 和 calorie intake 的 overall trend，还 critically examine 了 cause-and-effect relationship 的 complexity，acknowledging 可能存在的 third factor 或 reverse causation。最后它 transition 到 practical application，suggesting 如果 late sleepers want to lose weight，可以通过 going to bed earlier 来 reduce snacking opportunities，将 scientific findings 转化为 actionable advice。

    作为说明文的 conclusion part，这个意群 performs multiple functions：它 synthesizes 前面 presented 的 information，addresses 主旨中提到的 'cause-and-effect relationship remains unclear' 这一 complexity，并且 moves beyond pure explanation 到 practical implication，给读者提供了 applicable strategy for weight management，完成了从 knowledge presentation 到 practical utility 的 transition。

    提供解决方案
MAIN IDEA · 速判主旨

4 步定位这篇文章的主旨

不读完全篇也能锁定主旨——以下 4 步按2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 这篇原文的实际行文顺序给出，每步说明看哪里、看出什么，可直接迁移到其他英语六级文章。

  1. 首段对比定主题 P1

    说明文 expository writing 往往在 opening paragraph 就会 present 核心 phenomenon 或 research finding，这里的 'people who consistently went to bed earlier' 与 'night owls' 的对比 comparison 就是文章要探讨的 central issue。

  2. 后段引证强化 P2

    说明文的第二段通常会 provide scientific backing 或 corroborating evidence 来 strengthen 首段的 claim，这里通过 multiple studies 来 validate 早睡与健康饮食的 correlation，说明这是文章的 sustained theme 而非 passing mention。

  3. 末段建议示主旨 P3

    说明文在 final paragraph 常会 address limitations 并提出 practical takeaways，这里的 'challenge to explain cause-and-effect' 是 limitation，而 'go to bed earlier' 是 recommendation，后者是作者想 convey 的 actionable conclusion，与主旨的 'support weight management' 直接 align。

  4. 三段逻辑串主旨 P1 P2 P3

    说明文的主旨通常是 factual claim + practical implication 的结合，通过 trace 文章的 logical flow（现象→证据→建议），我们能 extract 出既包含 research findings 又包含 actionable advice 的 comprehensive main idea。

主旨信号词 In contrast P1 corresponds with P2 tend to P1 Still P3 relationship P2

MAIN IDEA · 主旨

这篇文章在说什么

研究表明,早睡者比夜猫子摄入更少的卡路里和更健康的食物,而夜猫子往往吃更多不健康的食品。尽管因果关系尚不明确,但早睡可能有助于减少卡路里摄入并支持体重管理。
Research shows that early sleepers consume fewer calories and healthier food than night owls, who tend to eat more unhealthy options. While the cause-and-effect relationship remains unclear, going to bed earlier may help reduce calorie intake and support weight management.
WORD INFERENCE · 生词推断

3 个生词的上下文推断

不查词典，只用文中线索推出词义——每个词给出推断出的释义与 完整推理链。已收录进英语六级高频真题词集的单词可点击进入词条页。

  • refined 精制的;提纯的

    现在让我们把这三条线索串联起来。首先,从 syntactic structure 来看,refined sugars 与 processed meats 的并列关系告诉我们,这两个 adjective 在语义上应该是相近的,都描述某种人工处理。其次,从 semantic field 的角度,这些食物被明确归入 unhealthy 类别,而与 natural, unprocessed 的 healthy food 对立,这进一步确认了 refined 指向某种不利于健康的加工方式。最后,morphological analysis 显示 re- + fine 的构成暗示'使更精细'的反复加工过程。三条线索共同指向同一个结论:refined 描述的是经过工业化精制、提纯的加工状态。

    对比定位+并列验证+构词印证
  • peer 同辈;同等地位的人;同组人

    让我们综合这三条线索。从 contextual analysis 来看,这是一个科学研究的比较场景,comparing two groups within the same study population。从 syntactic structure 来看,comparison 结构要求 than 前后的对象必须是 comparable and parallel 的,而 possessive pronoun 'their' 表明这些 peers 与主语属于同一个 broader group。从 morphological perspective 来看,peers 作为 countable plural noun 指代的是具体的个体集合。三条线索交汇,清晰地指向一个结论:peers 指的是'同一研究或群体中的其他成员,特别是条件相近、可比较的人'。

    比较结构+所属关系+群体特征
  • correspond 相符合;一致;相应

    现在将三条线索整合。从 discourse structure 看,correspond with 出现在 transition sentence 中,其功能是 linking new information (the report in 第1段) to established knowledge (existing literature)。从 morphology 看,cor- prefix 表示'共同、一致',与 respond 结合表示'相互应和'。从 academic register 看,这是 confirmation and validation 的标准表达。三条线索共同确认:correspond 在此处表示'相符合、一致、呼应',特指新研究与已有研究在结论上的 agreement。

    语篇功能+构词拆解+论元分析
RHETORIC · 修辞手法

5 处修辞手法与仿写

每处修辞给出它在本文的具体用法、同类信号词清单与一份可直接套用的 写作仿写建议——读完能认，也能写。

  • 列数字

    P1 P2

    文章 precisely 列举了 multiple 的 time points，比如 11 p.m.、3 a.m. 这些 specific bedtimes，还有 five-year period 这个 duration。这些 concrete numbers 让 sleep patterns 和 eating habits 之间的 correlation 变得 measurable 和 credible。对于 main idea 而言，这些 numerical data 强化了 early睡觉 versus late睡觉的 dietary differences，让 argument 更有 persuasive power。

    仿写： 当你想 demonstrate 某个 trend 或者 pattern 的时候，think about：能不能找到 specific statistics 来 support？比如写 screen time 对 sleep 的 impact，你可以说 'teenagers who use phones after 10 p.m. sleep 45 minutes less on average'。Template：'[Group A] who [action] at/by [specific time/amount] tend to [outcome] compared to [Group B]'。

  • 作比较

    P1 P2 P3

    文章 systematically 对比了 two groups：early risers (before 11 p.m.) versus night owls (11 p.m. to 3 a.m.)。Comparison 涵盖 calorie intake、food quality、以及 weight gain tendency。这个 rhetorical strategy 对 thesis 的作用是 dramatic 的——它让 readers 清晰地 see 哪种 sleep pattern 更 beneficial。Contrast words 像 'in contrast' 和 'than' 反复出现，creating a clear dichotomy。

    信号词 in contrast than versus compared to while whereas on the other hand however differently

    仿写： 写 comparison 的时候，establish clear categories first。比如 comparing online learning vs. traditional classroom，你可以 structure it as：'Online learners tend to [behavior A], while classroom students are more likely to [behavior B]'。Key tip：用 parallel structures 让 contrast 更 obvious。Template：'[Group A] who [characteristic] tend to [outcome X], whereas [Group B] [different characteristic] show [outcome Y]'。

  • 引资料

    P2

    第二段 heavily relies on external sources，specifically citing The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (last year) 和 University of California, Berkeley 的 2015 study。这些 authoritative references 为 article 的 claims 提供 academic backing。对 main thesis 而言，这些 citations 把 author 的 argument 从 mere opinion 提升到 evidence-based conclusion，significantly boosting credibility among target readers (考生们 understand academic rigor)。

    信号词 A study published found that according to research shows a report scientists/researchers found evidence suggests data from cited in

    仿写： When incorporating sources，记住 three elements：source name + time frame + key finding。比如：'According to a 2023 study from Stanford University, students who [action] demonstrate [result]'。Important：don't just name-drop，要 explain 这个 source 如何 support your point。Template：'A [year] study/report from [institution] found/showed that [finding that supports your argument]'。

  • 作诠释

    P3

    第三段的后半部分 elaborates on the unclear cause-and-effect relationship，specifically explaining 'There may be a third factor' 和 'the relationship could be reversed'。这个 clarification 对 article 的 integrity 很重要——it acknowledges limitations 而不是 oversimplify。对于 main idea，这种 nuanced explanation 让 conclusion ('go to bed earlier') 显得更 reasonable 而非 dogmatic，同时 demonstrate academic honesty。

    信号词 that is in other words to clarify specifically to put it differently namely which means in essence

    仿写： 使用 clarification 的时候，think about potential confusion points。比如 explaining AI bias，你可以说：'That is, the algorithm reflects patterns in training data, whether fair or discriminatory'。Use phrases like 'in other words', 'that is to say', 'to put it differently' 来 signal you're elaborating。Template：'[Initial statement]. That is, [rephrased or expanded explanation that addresses potential misunderstanding]'。

  • 分类别

    P1 P3

    文章 categorizes people into distinct sleep types：'early risers' (those who sleep before 11 p.m.) 和 'night owls' (11 p.m. to 3 a.m. sleepers)。这个 classification 是 entire argument 的 foundation——without these categories，就无法 systematically compare dietary patterns。对 main thesis 而言，clear categorization 让 readers 容易 identify which group they belong to，从而 personalize the advice。

    信号词 divided into classified as fall into categories types of can be grouped consists of

    仿写： Creating effective categories 需要 clear criteria。比如 classifying study methods，you might write：'Learners can be divided into visual processors, who rely on diagrams, and verbal processors, who prefer text-based materials'。Key principle：categories should be mutually exclusive yet comprehensive。Template：'[Subjects] can be classified/divided into [Category A], characterized by [feature], and [Category B], which [contrasting feature]'。

IMPLIED MEANING · 言外之意

4 处话里有话

作者没有明说、但靠信号词传递出来的态度与暗示——每处给出原文片段、信号词类型与解读。

  • 夜猫子饮食习惯的负面倾向

    P1
    In contrast, "night owls" who go to bed between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats than early risers.

    对比类 In contrast in contrast on the contrary however whereas while unlike

    这个 implied meaning 是：night owls 的 dietary choices 是 unhealthy 和 problematic 的。虽然作者用了 neutral tone 说 "tend to consume more"，但 listing 这些 specific items（coffee, alcohol, refined sugars, processed meats）本身就 carries negative connotation。对于 main idea 的作用是 establish 一个 clear pattern：later bedtime correlates with poorer nutrition，为后面的 discussion 奠定 foundation，同时也 subtly guide readers 去 favor early sleeping habits。

  • 睡眠与饮食关系的科学共识

    P2
    The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented.

    强调类限定词 well-documented well-established widely recognized firmly established extensively studied thoroughly researched proven

    这个 implication 是：这个 connection 是 scientifically unquestionable 的，不是 author 的 personal opinion。通过用 "well-documented" 这个词，作者在 signal 这是 established science，从而 increase 整个 article 的 authority。对 main idea 的 value 在于：它把后面要 discuss 的 findings 放在 solid scientific foundation 上，让 readers 更容易 accept 后续的 recommendations，比如 going to bed earlier。这是一种 credibility-building strategy。

  • 因果关系的不确定性

    P3
    It's as yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition.

    限制性模糊语 as yet a challenge remains unclear difficult to determine not yet fully understood still under investigation remains to be seen uncertain

    这里的 implication 是：虽然 causal mechanism 不清楚，但 practical value 依然存在。作者用 "as yet a challenge" 而不是 "impossible" 或 "unknown"，暗示这只是 temporarily 的 knowledge gap。紧接着提出 "There may be a third factor" 和 "Or the relationship could be reversed"，但最后用 "Still, if late sleepers want to lose weight" 来 pivot 回 actionable recommendation。对 main idea 的 contribution 是：这个 hedge 其实 strengthen 而非 weaken 整体 argument，因为它 shows 作者 intellectually honest，同时 maintain 核心 message 的 validity——correlation 够强，值得 act on it。

  • 早睡作为减重策略的委婉建议

    P3
    Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby reducing their chances of taking snacks before bedtime.

    转折类让步连接词 Still still nevertheless nonetheless even so yet however

    这个 implied message 是：尽管 causality 不明确，early bedtime 依然是 worth trying 的 weight loss strategy。作者用 "if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds" 这种 casual, non-authoritative tone，但 underlying suggestion 很 clear。"Thereby reducing their chances of taking snacks" 提供了 plausible mechanism，即使 ultimate cause-effect 还 uncertain。对 article 主旨的 significance 在于：这是 entire piece 的 practical payoff——前面 present evidence 和 acknowledge limitations，最后 converge 到一个 simple, actionable takeaway。这种 structure 让整个 argument 既 scientifically responsible 又 practically useful，完美 support 了 main idea 关于 early sleep 和 better health outcomes 的 connection。

AUTHOR ATTITUDE · 作者态度

作者态度：客观中立

结论先行：本文作者态度为客观中立（ objective and informative with practical implications）。下面是按步骤还原的判断过程与文中的态度信号词。

  1. 开篇陈述研究发现 P1

    这个 step 能帮我们快速判断 author 是在 relay objective information 还是在 express subjective views。如果第一段就充满了 factual statements 和 research citations，那么 author's stance 很可能是 neutral and informative 的。

  2. 多项研究相互印证 P2

    Multiple citations 表明 author 不是在 push a personal agenda，而是在 synthesize existing knowledge。这种 evidence-based approach 是 neutral stance 的 hallmark，因为 author 让 data speak for itself。

  3. 承认因果关系不明 P3

    Acknowledging unknowns 是 neutral attitude 的重要 signal，因为 biased authors 往往会 overstate certainty。当 author 说 "it's a challenge to explain" 时，他们在 demonstrate intellectual honesty 而不是 pushing conclusions。

  4. 提供可选建议 P3

    使用 "can go to bed earlier" 而不是 "should go to bed earlier" 表明 author 在 presenting options 而非 prescribing behaviors。这种 non-directive language 保持了 objectivity，因为 author 不是在 impose values。

  5. 全文保持客观陈述 P1 P2 P3

    这个 comprehensive view 确认了 author's neutrality，因为从 structure 到 language choice 都体现了 informative purpose 而非 persuasive intent。Author 既没有 exaggerate benefits 也没有 downplay risks，而是 balanced presentation。

文中的态度信号词

  • found P1

    "Found" 这个 verb 把 discovery 归功于 research 而不是 author's opinion，创造了 distance between the author and the claim。在说明文中使用 "found" 表明 author 是在 relay findings 而非 assert beliefs。

    同类词 showed revealed indicated demonstrated concluded

  • corresponds with P2

    "Corresponds with" 表明 author 在 connecting different pieces of evidence 而不是 making isolated claims。这个 phrase 显示 author 重视 convergent validity，是 scientific objectivity 的体现。

    同类词 aligns with is consistent with echoes supports confirms

  • well-documented P2

    "Well-documented" 告诉 readers 这不是 novel opinion 而是 established fact。在说明文中使用这个 phrase，author 在 invoke the weight of existing consensus 来 support objectivity。

    同类词 well-established widely recognized extensively studied commonly observed frequently reported

  • as yet a challenge P3

    "As yet a challenge" 直接 acknowledges limitations in current understanding。这种 admission of uncertainty 是 objective scientific writing 的 hallmark，因为 author 没有 overstate what is known。

    同类词 remains unclear is not fully understood requires further research is still debated is uncertain

  • may be P3

    "May be" 这个 modal expression 表达 possibility 而非 certainty。在说明文中，author 用 "may" 来 present hypotheses without asserting them as facts，保持了 scientific caution 和 objectivity。

    同类词 could be might be possibly perhaps potentially

  • can P3

    "Can" 表达 ability 和 possibility 而不是 obligation。在说明文的 practical suggestion 部分使用 "can" 而非 "should"，author 在 empower readers with options 而不是 prescribe behaviors。

    同类词 may want to have the option to might consider could try are able to

GENRE · 速判体裁

30 秒判定这是一篇说明文

体裁决定读法与出题套路。以下判断步骤与标志词全部以本文为例，可直接迁移到其他英语六级 真题文章。

如何快速判断这是一篇说明文？

  1. 客观陈述研究发现 P1

    说明文的 first paragraph 通常会 introduce a topic 并提供 objective data 或 research results。这篇文章开头就引用了 a report 的 findings，用 'found that' 这种 neutral language 来呈现事实，而不是用 'I believe' 或 'we should' 这类 argumentative expressions。新闻报道虽然也会 report facts，但通常会有 news lead 的特征，比如 specific time、place、event 的突出强调，而这里更侧重 present general research conclusions。

  2. 堆叠多个研究证据 P2

    说明文的 body paragraphs 会通过 multiple sources、statistics、examples 来 elaborate on the main topic，目的是 inform readers 而不是 persuade them。这段连续引用了三个 studies 来 reinforce 首段的 findings，用 'well-documented'、'found that' 等 factual language。议论文的中间段会用 reasoning chains 和 logical connectors 来 support a thesis，比如 'because'、'as a result'、'this proves that'。新闻报道则会按 inverted pyramid structure 排列信息，从 most important 到 least important。

  3. 客观总结留有余地 P3

    说明文的 concluding paragraph 通常会 recap main points 并可能 point out knowledge gaps 或 suggest practical implications，但不会有 strong advocacy 或 emotional appeal。这段虽然提到了 'if late sleepers want to lose weight' 的 suggestion，但用的是 conditional structure 和 tentative tone（'can go to bed earlier'），而不是 imperative commands（'must'、'should immediately'）。议论文的结尾会有 definitive conclusion 和 clear stance，比如 'therefore we must'、'it is essential that'。新闻报道通常会以 least important details 或 future outlook 结尾。

  4. 告知而非说服读者 P1 P2 P3

    三个步骤形成了完整的 identification framework：开头的 information presentation + 中间的 evidence pattern + 结尾的 tone consistency。说明文在这三个层面都会保持 objectivity 和 informational focus。议论文会在首段 state thesis，中段 build argument chains，末段 strengthen position。新闻报道会在首段 highlight news value，中段 provide details and quotes，末段 add context or future implications。通过这个 three-point check，可以在 30 秒内 distinguish 文体类型。

哪些词暴露了说明文体裁？

  • A report...found that P1 research finding presentation structure A report found that A study published in... found that Research shows that Scientists discovered that Data indicates that
  • In contrast P1 comparison and contrast organizational marker On the other hand Conversely By comparison In comparison Similarly
  • This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature P2 knowledge synthesis and cross-reference marker This corresponds with This aligns with previous research This is consistent with Similar findings were reported in This supports earlier studies
  • is well-documented P2 established fact statement with passive voice is well-established has been proven is widely recognized is commonly observed is scientifically confirmed
  • A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that P2 specific source citation with publication details A study published in [journal] found Research in [journal] showed An article in [publication] reported A paper in [journal] demonstrated Findings published in [journal] revealed
  • tend to P3 categorical generalization with tendency language are likely to have a tendency to generally typically commonly
  • It's as yet a challenge to explain P3 knowledge limitation acknowledgment It's a challenge to explain It remains unclear Scientists are still investigating The mechanism is not fully understood Further research is needed
  • may be P3 multiple possibility exploration with modal verbs could be might be possibly perhaps it's possible that
  • if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can P3 conditional practical application statement if...they can for those who want to people who wish to one way to...is to to achieve X, you can
SENTENCE INSIGHTS · 句子精讲

9 句真题句逐层精讲

下列真题句各有独立的句子解析页——中文翻译、结构树逐层拆解、成分与时态、考点讲解与真题高频词。点击句子进入完整解析。

FAQ · 常见问题

关于 2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 的常见问题

2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的主旨是什么？
研究表明,早睡者比夜猫子摄入更少的卡路里和更健康的食物,而夜猫子往往吃更多不健康的食品。尽管因果关系尚不明确,但早睡可能有助于减少卡路里摄入并支持体重管理。（英文表述：Research shows that early sleepers consume fewer calories and healthier food than night owls, who tend to eat more unhealthy options. While the cause-and-effect relationship remains unclear, going to bed earlier may help reduce calorie intake and support weight management.）
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章是什么体裁？难度如何？
体裁为说明文，作者立场是客观中立（objective and informative with practical implications）。CEFR 难度 B2，全文 248 词、3 段；在英语六级全部 593 篇真题文章中，B2 级共 233 篇（占 39%）。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的篇章结构是怎样的？
全文 3 段按说明文骨架分为 3 个意群：第1段——晚睡与饮食习惯的关联发现；第2段——已有科学研究的佐证；第3段——因果关系分析与实用建议。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章的作者态度是什么？
作者态度是客观中立（objective and informative with practical implications）。判断路径：开篇陈述研究发现 → 多项研究相互印证 → 承认因果关系不明 → 提供可选建议 → 全文保持客观陈述；文中的态度信号词包括 found（第1段）、corresponds with（第2段）、well-documented（第2段）、as yet a challenge（第3段）、may be（第3段）、can（第3段）。
2017年12月英语六级真题第2套 Part II Section B (1) 文章中有哪些值得积累的生词？
按文中出现顺序共 3 个：refined（精制的;提纯的）、peer（同辈;同等地位的人;同组人）、correspond（相符合;一致;相应），每个词的词义都可以由文中上下文线索推断得出。

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